CN103202159A - Silage corn and fodder soybean mixture sowing method - Google Patents
Silage corn and fodder soybean mixture sowing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103202159A CN103202159A CN2013100956487A CN201310095648A CN103202159A CN 103202159 A CN103202159 A CN 103202159A CN 2013100956487 A CN2013100956487 A CN 2013100956487A CN 201310095648 A CN201310095648 A CN 201310095648A CN 103202159 A CN103202159 A CN 103202159A
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Abstract
A silage corn and fodder soybean mixture sowing method includes firstly, preparing farmlands which are few in weeds and easy to realize mechanical operation; secondly, sowing at the beginning and the middle of May according to the parameters of 30-37.5kg/hm<2> of silage corns and 48-60kg/hm<2> of fodder soybeans, by the detail steps of preparing the farmlands in the autumn, removing weeds by means of rotary tillage and applying organic fertilizer, flatting and ridging with the row space of 70cm, and then sowing in drill by a precision dibbler for mixture sowing, sowing the two kinds of seeds along different lines in different holes; thirdly, performing field management by detail steps of turning up the farmland and weeding in the seedling stage, eliminating tall weeds manually without chemical herbicides, and then intertilling 1-2 times in the jointing stage, and applying urea fertilizer; and fourthly, harvesting green grass mixedly in the wax ripening stage of the silage corns. The silage corn and fodder soybean mixture sowing method has significant yield increasing effect as compared with that of the clean culture method; yield of the stem leaves of the fodder soybeans is increased after the mixture sowing; and nitrogen elements are continuously supplied to the silage corns in the growing period by rhizobia of the fodder soybeans through nitrogen fixation, and effect of promoting yield increasing mutually is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of silage fodder raw material mixed seeding technology, be mainly a kind of silage corn and fodder food beans hybrid sowing method.
Technical background
China is a traditional farming big country, is again a herding big country, but because the national conditions of having a large population and a few land, the feed grain shortage is the key issue of puzzlement China animal husbandry development always.The Heilongjiang Province is base, national important milk source, about about more than 200 ten thousand of existing milk cow live-stock inventory, and except the group of Ben Sheng Wanda Mountain, milk such as nest, light, Mongolia Ox, Erie industry group successively settles the Heilongjiang Province.Along with the enforcement of Heilongjiang Province's ten million ton of milk engineering, need the supply of a large amount of low costs, high yield, high-quality forage grass and feed.Silage corn is a kind of important diet crop, and development silage corn industry is the important content of China Agricultural Structure Adjustment, and the cultivated area that increases silage corn in the farming district is the major action of animal husbandry development.
Silage corn cauline leaf soft and succulency, nutritious, improve through storage fermentation back feeding value, palatability strengthens, and is the main feed resource of milk cow, beef cattle etc.
Fodder food beans kind is introduced: fodder food beans are the warm crop of happiness.Breeding time 110~130d, needing effective accumulated temperature vegetative period be 1900~2900 ℃, 18~22 ℃ of optimum growth temperatures.Fodder food beans be need that water is more, short-day, self pollination crop that shade tolerance is stronger.General temperature is bloomed 70%~80%, under the fertile condition of illumination abundance, soil property at 25~28 ℃, humidity and is contained most.Fodder food beans have characteristics such as adaptability is strong, easily cultivation, cauline leaf output height, quality better as good leguminous feed crop, both can cut by green grass or young crops, and the modulation hay also can be gathered in the crops seed.Fodder food dried bean curd grass feeding cow is all higher than alfalfa hay feeding cow milk yield and butterfat percnetage.Cutting fodder food dried bean curd grass feeding value evening is higher than and early cuts fodder food dried bean curd grass.
Though it is longer that the ensiling green grass or young crops of Chinese maize is raised in livestock breeding history, but long-term clean culture plantation, the ability that causes colony inside to resist damage by disease and insect descends, output descends, and nutrition is unbalanced, and acidity is big, feeding quality reduces, many Feed Enterprise need in feed production by the deficiency of interpolation urea with additional non-protein nitrogen content, thereby are difficult to guarantee to feed quality, cause the animal product quality to descend.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming that clean culture exists, the present invention aims to provide a kind of mixed seeding technology, and both silage corn and the mixed seeding of fodder food beans were both to have solved the low problem of silage corn clean culture output, can improve feeding quality behind the mixed silage again, and the practical technique scheme of animal product quality such as downstream milk cow.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical solution:
A kind of silage corn and fodder food beans hybrid sowing method, method is as follows:
Choosing ground requires: require that the plot is smooth, weeds are few, be easy to the arable land of mechanization operation;
Sowing time: early or mid May sowing;
Seeding quantity: silage corn: 30-37.5kg/hm
2, fodder food beans: 48-60kg/hm
2
Type of seeding: whole ground of autumn, rotary tillage eliminates the weeds on ground and applies fertilizer 45000kg/hm
2, the ridging of raking, line-spacing 70cm; Adopt mixed seeding precise sower drilling, two class seeds keep silage corn spacing in the rows 17-20cm along broadcasting under the different circuit branches hole, and mu is protected silage corn seedling 5000-5500 strain, and mixed seeding is based on silage corn, and the control seeding quantity gets final product, and fodder food beans do not have other sowing requirements; Seed manure and seed are sowed simultaneously, impose on bottom; Diammonium phosphate 150kg/hm
2, K
2SO
475kg/hm
2, urea 30kg/hm
2, finish the back suppression;
Field management: at first seedling stage cuts weeds in time ground, and indivedual big grass adopt the method for artificial weeding, avoid and use chemical herbicide; Secondly intertillage is topdressed, and shooting stage intertillage 1-2 time, uses urea 300kg/hm
2
Results: mix and receive green grass the same period when the silage corn stage of wax ripeness.
Silage corn and the mixed seeding of fodder food beans are more remarkable than single corn yield increasing effect of planting.Because fodder food beans are short-day forage crop, shade tolerance is stronger, and cauline leaf output increases after the mixed seeding.Fodder food beans rhizobium constantly to the silage corn supply nitrogen element in vegetative period, reach the effect of mutual promotion volume increase by nitrogen fixation.Fodder food beans are nutritious, are the good protein feeds, mix storage with silage corn, improve the protein content of ensilage, improve feeding quality.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) output improves
Bright careless output average is 111.67t/hm
2, than clean culture corn fresh weight volume increase 11.5%.
(2) feeding quality improves
The silage fodder crude protein content brings up to 8.39% by original 7.55%.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1
Be applied to Heilongjiang Province's (national level) livestock breeding scientific and technological park 20hm
2Fodder production base, 126 ° 30 of east longitude ', 45 ° 39 of north latitude '.5.5 ℃ of annual mean temperatures, annual average precipitation 400~600mm.Average 〉=10 ℃ of active accumulated temperatures are at 2800~2900 ℃, about annual average frost-free period 130~145d for many years.Soil is chernozem.
Choosing ground requires: this plot is smooth, and former stubble is corn, and weeds are few, are easy to the arable land of mechanization operation.
Sowing time: sowing on May 15.
Seeding quantity: silage corn: 30kg/hm
2, fodder food beans: 48kg/hm
2
Type of seeding: whole ground of autumn, rotary tillage eliminates the weeds on ground and applies fertilizer 45000kg/hm
2, the ridging of raking, line-spacing 70cm.Adopt mixed seeding precise sower drilling, two class seeds keep silage corn spacing in the rows 17-20cm along broadcasting under the different circuit branches hole, and mu is protected silage corn seedling 5000-5500 strain.Seed manure and seed are sowed simultaneously, impose on bottom.Diammonium phosphate 150kg/hm
2, K
2SO
4180kg/hm
2, urea 120kg/hm
2, finish the back suppression.
Field management: at first seedling stage cuts weeds in time ground, and indivedual big grass adopt the method for artificial weeding, avoid and use chemical herbicide.Secondly intertillage is topdressed, and shooting stage intertillage 1-2 time, uses urea 300kg/hm
2
Results: mix and receive green grass the same period when the silage corn stage of wax ripeness, as table 1, and 2 years bright careless average yield 111.67t/hm
2, than clean culture corn yield increasing 11.5%.The mixed silage protein content rises to 8.39% by 7.55.
The beans variety comparative test observational records (Harbin) of table 1 fodder food
Embodiment 2
Be applied to the Bei'an tail mountain farm 500hm of branch office of the land-reclaimable office in Heilongjiang Province
2Fodder production base, be positioned at farming pipe farm, branch office tail mountain, Bei'an, Beian City, Heilongjiang Province, 126 ° 12 ' ° of east longitude, 48 ° 50 of north latitude '.Annual mean temperature-0.4 ℃, annual all rainfall 515mm.Average 〉=about about 1900~2000 ℃ of 10 ℃ of active accumulated temperatures for many years are about about 90d of annual average frost-free period.Soil types is with chernozem.
Sowing time: early or mid May sowing.
Seeding quantity: silage corn: 35kg/hm
2, fodder food beans: 55kg/hm
2
Type of seeding: whole ground of autumn, rotary tillage eliminate the weeds on ground and apply fertilizer 45000kg/hm
2, the ridging of raking, line-spacing 70cm.Employing is through improved mixed seeding precise sower drilling, and two class seeds keep silage corn spacing in the rows 17-20cm along broadcasting under the different circuit branches hole, and mu is protected silage corn seedling 5000-5500 strain.Seed manure and seed are sowed simultaneously, impose on bottom.Diammonium phosphate 150kg/hm
2, K
2SO
4180kg/hm
2, urea 120kg/hm
2, finish the back suppression.
Field management: at first seedling stage cuts weeds in time ground, and indivedual big grass adopt the method for artificial weeding, avoid and use chemical herbicide.Secondly intertillage is topdressed, and shooting stage intertillage 1-2 time, uses urea 300kg/hm
2
Results: as table 2, mix and receive green grass the same period when the silage corn stage of wax ripeness, the bright careless output 110.37t/hm of two annuals
2, than clean culture corn yield increasing 10.25%, the ensiling protein content rises to 8.37% by 7.45%.
The beans variety comparative test observational records (farm, tail mountain) of table 2 fodder food
Embodiment 3
Be applied to the green grassland pasture 500hm in Heilongjiang Province
2Fodder production base, be positioned at the pasture, green grassland, Heilongjiang Province in song-Nen plain western part, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 124 ° 15 of east longitude ', 46 ° 15 of north latitude ', 5.2 ℃ of annual mean temperatures, annual rainfall 400mm.For many years on average 〉=10 ℃ of active accumulated temperatures are being 2700~2900 ℃, about annual average frost-free period 135d.Soil is sandy loam.
Sowing time: sowing on May 15.
Seeding quantity: silage corn: 37.5kg/hm
2, fodder food beans: 60kg/hm
2
Type of seeding: whole ground of autumn, rotary tillage eliminate the weeds on ground and apply fertilizer 45000kg/hm
2, the ridging of raking, line-spacing 70cm.
Employing is through improved mixed seeding precise sower drilling, and two class seeds keep silage corn spacing in the rows 17-20cm along broadcasting under the different circuit branches hole, and mu is protected silage corn seedling 5000-5500 strain.Seed manure and seed are sowed simultaneously, impose on bottom.Diammonium phosphate 150kg/hm
2, K
2SO
4180kg/hm
2, urea 120kg/hm
2, finish the back suppression.
Field management: at first seedling stage cuts weeds in time ground, and indivedual big grass adopt the method for artificial weeding, avoid and use chemical herbicide.Secondly intertillage is topdressed, and shooting stage intertillage 1-2 time, uses urea 300kg/hm
2
Results: mix and receive green grass the same period when the silage corn stage of wax ripeness, as table 3, and bright careless output 85.18t/hm
2Than clean culture corn fresh weight volume increase 12.3%; The silage fodder crude protein content brings up to 8.45% by original 7.54%.
The beans variety comparative test observational records (pasture, western green grassland) of table 3 fodder food
Present embodiment 1-3 silage corn adopts " Central Plains single 32 " silage corn kind to introduce: this kind is country's authorization special ensiling corn variety.(ripening stage) number of growing days 117~123d from emerging to suiting picking time needs 2300 ℃ of active accumulated temperatures, the aerial root prosperity, and the blade crown type tightens, and the leaf look dark green, plant height 325cm, the thick 3.5cm of cane.First, second and third accumulated temperature band plantation that suits in Heilungkiang, bright careless output 80~110t/hm
2
The present invention is adapted at a kind of mixed seeding farming technique that carry out agriculture main producing region, the cold district of northern China.The mixed seeding test shows, silage corn forms the different canopy layers structure with fodder food beans, fodder food beans are climing property crops, utilize the support effect of silage corn, become the dominant crop of bottom canopy, its leaf area has remedied the deficiency of corn bottom leaf area, the root system of legume has the fixed nitrogen function, and anti-shade, can complement each other with corn and rationally utilize the above and below ground resource, thereby raising output is improved the silage fodder nutritive value.Big, the low ensiling failure that causes of water soluble carbohydrates content of buffer capacity when silage corn and legume mixed silage can not only be avoided the leguminous forage ensiling, and can also significantly improve the protein content of silage fodder, suitable mixed seeding ratio can significantly increase silage fodder output, also can improve the quality of silage corn simultaneously greatly.Silage corn has all improved land utilization efficiency with the mixed seeding of fodder food beans different proportion, has increased income.Promoting this mixed seeding technology is of practical significance to the development of northern cold ground animal husbandry in agricultural area.
Claims (1)
1. a silage corn is eaten the beans hybrid sowing method with fodder, it is characterized in that method is as follows:
Choosing ground requires: require that the plot is smooth, weeds are few, be easy to the arable land of mechanization operation;
Sowing time: early or mid May sowing;
Seeding quantity: silage corn: 30-37.5kg/hm
2, fodder food beans: 48-60kg/hm
2
Type of seeding: whole ground of autumn, rotary tillage eliminates the weeds on ground and applies fertilizer 45000kg/hm
2, the ridging of raking, line-spacing 70cm; Adopt mixed seeding precise sower drilling, two class seeds keep silage corn spacing in the rows 17-20cm along broadcasting under the different circuit branches hole,, mu is protected silage corn seedling 5000-5500 strain; Seed manure and seed are sowed simultaneously, impose on bottom; Diammonium phosphate 150kg/hm
2, K
2SO
475kg/hm
2, urea 30kg/hm
2, finish the back suppression;
Field management: at first seedling stage cuts weeds in time ground, and indivedual big grass adopt the method for artificial weeding, avoid and use chemical herbicide; Secondly intertillage is topdressed, and shooting stage intertillage 1-2 time, uses urea 300kg/hm
2
Results: mix and receive green grass the same period when the silage corn stage of wax ripeness.
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Cited By (4)
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CN103947441A (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2014-07-30 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Method for relay intercropping silage corn in single-culture alfalfa field in summer |
CN104170628A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-12-03 | 凉山彝族自治州畜牧兽医科学研究所 | Method for producing silage materials by mix sowing of corn and calabar beans |
CN107593355A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2018-01-19 | 东北农业大学 | Qinghai-Tibet different altitude height areas oat is He Jian Kuo pea mixed seeding planting and establishing methods |
CN112021102A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-04 | 四川省草业技术研究推广中心 | Planting method for silage corns in plateau area |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103947441A (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2014-07-30 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Method for relay intercropping silage corn in single-culture alfalfa field in summer |
CN103947441B (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2016-01-20 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Nonoculture alfalfa field interplanting in summer silage corn implantation methods |
CN104170628A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-12-03 | 凉山彝族自治州畜牧兽医科学研究所 | Method for producing silage materials by mix sowing of corn and calabar beans |
CN107593355A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2018-01-19 | 东北农业大学 | Qinghai-Tibet different altitude height areas oat is He Jian Kuo pea mixed seeding planting and establishing methods |
CN107593355B (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2020-06-19 | 东北农业大学 | Method for co-sowing and planting oat and common vetch in different altitude areas of Qinghai-Tibet plateau |
CN112021102A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-04 | 四川省草业技术研究推广中心 | Planting method for silage corns in plateau area |
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Application publication date: 20130717 |