CN113122745A - 一种银氧化锡复合电接触材料制备方法 - Google Patents

一种银氧化锡复合电接触材料制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113122745A
CN113122745A CN202110359061.7A CN202110359061A CN113122745A CN 113122745 A CN113122745 A CN 113122745A CN 202110359061 A CN202110359061 A CN 202110359061A CN 113122745 A CN113122745 A CN 113122745A
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高波
阴启昊
刘状
孙悦
尹俊太
李魁
付海洋
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Abstract

本发明属于电工材料制造领域,公开了一种银氧化锡复合电接触材料制备方法。采用粉末预氧化法和粉末冶金法相结合的工艺制备的电接触材料,使得导电陶瓷颗粒在Ag基体中的分布非常均匀,而且由于导电陶瓷的添加不仅降低了材料的电阻率,还赋予材料很好的抗电弧侵蚀性以及灭弧性。此工艺得到的第二相颗粒尺寸小于1μm,晶粒细化后材料的硬度及电寿命得到了提升。本发明可以满足材料在交流和直流的大电流条件下的使用,电寿命均超过15万次以上。

Description

一种银氧化锡复合电接触材料制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于电工材料制造领域,特别涉及一种银氧化锡复合电接触材料制备方法。
背景技术
银基电接触材料具有优良的导电性和导热性,由于纯银的抗熔焊性比较差,在电接触材料使用过程中,很容易发生粘死的现象,影响电器的使用寿命。通常需要在银基体中添加MeO增强相来改善电接触材料的电性能,如抗熔焊性,电寿命以及耐电弧烧损等。银氧化锡(AgSnO2)电接触材料主要由银基体和氧化锡增强相(SnO2)组成,有时为了改善材料的某些特性如改善材料的耐电弧侵蚀性能和抗熔焊能力可以适当的加入添加物如Bi2O3、CuO、In2O3、Sb2O3等。但是SnO2本身的物理性质存在一些缺陷,如SnO2的电阻率太大,超过电接触材料的电阻率8个数量级;SnO2颗粒与Ag的界面相容性不好,易产生偏析,导致接触电阻高、温升高、抗电弧侵蚀性能差、加工性能差等诸多问题。导电陶瓷是电子陶瓷的一部分,属于新型功能陶瓷材料,它不仅导电性能好,而且具有金属导电材料不能比拟的优点诸如化学稳定性好,耐高温及抗腐蚀性能,其广泛应用于化学电池、化学活化催化剂等领域,其电阻率在10-3Ω.cm数量级,用一部分导电陶瓷代替SnO2可以降低材料使用时的温升和接触电阻,使得电接触材料的使用条件有所拓展,适宜在直流和交流的大电流条件下使用。在制备工艺方面,传统的添加导电陶瓷的银氧化锡复合电接触材料都是采用粉末冶金法制备的。美国专利US5798468采用传统粉末冶金法制备银氧化锡复合电接触材料,此法得到的金属氧化物(第二相)微观组织比较粗大,SnO2粒径一般在3μm以上,电寿命提升受限。而本发明采用粉末预氧化法和粉末冶金法相结合的工艺制备的材料微观组织,具有尺寸较细的第二相,SnO2粒径小于1μm,导电陶瓷的分布也较为均匀,不仅在一定程度上提高了电导率,而且电寿命也得到大幅度的提升。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了提供一种银氧化锡复合电接触材料及其制备工艺,采用粉末预氧化法和粉末冶金法相结合的工艺制备电接触材料,解决了SnO2颗粒的分散性以及电阻率过高的问题,电寿命得到了显著的改善。
本发明为了克服现有技术存在的问题,采用以下技术方案:
一种银氧化锡复合电接触材料制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将银锭、锡锭以及金属添加物放入中频炉中加热熔化,熔炼温度为1450±10℃,熔炼时间30~60min,然后用石墨棒搅拌,加入硼烷作精炼剂,精炼10~20min,扒渣,将熔体倒入中间包中用雾化装置进行水雾化,雾化喷嘴直径为5.2mm±0.1mm,雾化压力为58±2MPa,雾化时间为10~20min,水雾化后获得AgSn合金粉末;
(2)合金粉末预氧化处理:将步骤(1)获得的AgSn合金粉末送入连续退火炉里,分三个区段加热保温,第一区段550±10℃,保温时间3h±10min,第二区段750±10℃,保温时间3h±10min,第三区段850±10℃,保温时间6h±10min,将AgSn合金粉末氧化成AgSnO2粉末,然后将结块后的粉末用破碎机破碎成细小的粉末;
(3)将导电陶瓷粉与步骤(2)获得的AgSnO2粉末按重量比1:5~20混合,混粉时间为2~4h,将混好后的粉末进行振荡处理,振荡时间10~20s,然后把缸套装入冷等静压机里进行等静压处理,挤压成锭子;
(4)将锭子放入真空烧结炉中,温度分三个阶段,第一阶段350±10℃,保温时间为3h±10min,第二阶段550±10℃,保温时间为3h±10min,第三阶段保温时间为850±10℃,保温时间为6h±10min,时间到后降温到400℃取出锭子;
(5)将烧结后的锭子用复压机进行压实,复压压力为50±2MPa,时间为10~20s;
(6)将复压后的锭子放入空气退火炉中,锭子温度为850±10℃,保温3~6h,随后锭子进行热挤压处理,挤压成线材。
优选的,步骤(1)中所述的银锭、锡锭以及金属添加物各组分的重量分别为银锭为88~92%,锡锭为6~12%,金属添加物为0.2~2%,所述金属添加剂为金属铟或金属铋的一种;
优选的,所述导电陶瓷粉的化学式为Mn+1AXn,M为Ti或Mo中的一种,A为Si或Al中的一种,X为C或N中的一种。
优选的,步骤(3)中所述等静压处理的工艺参数为保压压力300±10MPa,保压时间为90±5s。
优选的,步骤(6)中所述热挤压处理的工艺参数为挤压筒温度380±10℃,挤压筒保温时间2~5h,挤压垫和挤压嘴的温度为460±10℃,其保温时间为2~5h,挤压压力为100~200MPa,挤压速度为2~10mm/s。
本发明可以带来以下有益的效果:
(1)采用粉末预氧化法和粉末冶金法相结合的工艺制备的电接触材料,使得导电陶瓷颗粒在Ag基体中的分布非常均匀,而且由于导电陶瓷的添加不仅降低了材料的电阻率,还赋予材料很好的抗电弧侵蚀性以及灭弧性。此工艺得到的第二相颗粒尺寸小于1μm,晶粒细化后材料的硬度及电寿命得到了提升。
(2)本发明可以满足材料在交流和直流的大电流条件下的使用,电寿命均超过15万次以上。
附图说明
图1为本发明的方法流程图。
图2为传统粉末冶金法制备的添加导电陶瓷的银氧化锡复合电接触材料的SEM图。
图3为本发明制备的添加导电陶瓷的银氧化锡复合电接触材料的SEM图。
具体实施方式
本发明的内容通过实施例加以详细描述,但不被实施例所限。
实施例1:
各组分重量比分别为银锭92%、锡锭6%、金属铟2%,实施例1中使用的导电陶瓷为Ti3SiC2,其与粉末预氧化处理后获得的AgSnO2粉末的重量比例为1:20。本发明一种银氧化锡复合电接触材料,具体按以下步骤实施:
(1)将银锭、锡锭以及金属添加物放入中频炉中加热熔化,熔炼温度为1450℃,熔炼时间50min,然后用石墨棒搅拌5min,加入精炼剂,精炼10min,扒渣,将熔体倒入中间包中准备用雾化装置进行水雾化,雾化喷嘴直径为5.2mm,雾化压力为58MPa,水雾化后获得AgSn合金粉末;
(2)合金粉末预氧化处理:将上述步骤获得的AgSn合金粉末送入连续退火炉里,分三个区段加热保温,第一区段550℃,保温时间3h,第二区段750℃,保温时间3h,第三区段850℃,保温时间6h,将AgSn合金粉末氧化成AgSnO2粉末,然后将结块后的粉末用破碎机破碎成细小的粉末;
(3)将导电陶瓷粉与步骤(2)获得的AgSnO2粉末按比例混合,带上胶皮手套经过手混,将混合粉末揉搓直至颜色均匀一致,过筛120目后,完成预混合,然后装入混粉机里,开启电源,混粉时间为3h,混好后的粉末用不锈钢桶装起来;
(4)将混好后的粉末放入外带胶皮的不锈钢套中,并将钢套至于振荡器中进行振荡处理,振荡时间10s,然后把缸套装入冷等静压机里进行等静压处理,相应的工艺参数为保压压力300MPa,保压时间为90s,挤压成直径为85mm的锭子;
(5)将锭子放入真空烧结炉中,温度分三个阶段,第一阶段350℃,保温时间为3h,第二阶段550℃,保温时间为3h,第三阶段保温时间为850℃,保温时间为6h,时间到后降温到400℃取出锭子;
(6)将烧结后的锭子用复压机进行压实,复压压力为50MPa,时间为10s;
(7)将复压后的锭子放入空气退火炉中,锭子温度为850℃,保温4h,随后锭子进行热挤压处理,挤压嘴选用直径为5.0的,将锭子挤压成线材,热挤压处理的工艺参数为挤压筒温度为380℃,挤压筒保温时间3h,挤压垫和挤压嘴的温度为460℃,其保温时间为4h,挤压压力为147MPa,挤压速度为5mm/s。
实施例2:与实施例1不同的是:各组分重量比分别为银锭88%、锡锭11.5%、金属铋0.5%,实施例2中使用的导电陶瓷为Ti2AlC,其与粉末预氧化处理后获得的AgSnO2粉末的重量比例为1:9。步骤(7)中热挤压压力为168MPa。
对比例:采用传统的粉末冶金法制备的添加导电陶瓷的银氧化锡复合电接触材料,原料按照重量百分比进行计算:银粉92%(12μm)、氧化锡粉末4%(2μm)、氧化铟粉末2%(2μm)、Ti3SiC2粉末2%(1μm)。随后经过混粉、等静压、烧结、复压、热挤压等工序制备而成。
表1中详细罗列了实施例1~2和对比例的电接触材料的物理性能以及电性能测试结果,将上述实施例的材料采用冷镦工艺加工成直径为6mm的铆钉复合触头,分为动触点和静触点,将动静触点在交流220V,25A,阻性负载,通断比1:1,通断频率为60次/分钟的条件下进行电性能测试,以及在直流24V,20A,阻性负载,通断比1:1,通断频率为60次/分钟的条件下进行电性能测试。
表1实施例1~3和对比例银氧化锡复合电接触材料的物理性能和电寿命测试结果汇总表
Figure BDA0003004725620000041
物理性能测试结果显示,相比于对比例,实施例1中材料的电阻率显著降低,而实施例2中材料的电阻率略有升高,这主要取决于原料中银粉的含量以及制备工艺。此外,由于导电陶瓷拥有较低的电阻率,其在电弧烧灼过程中形成骨架结构,阻止了骨架内部的银的进一步飞溅,进而改善了材料的抗熔焊性以及抗电弧侵蚀性以及灭弧性。实施例1~2的密度略有降低,这是由于采用本发明的制备工艺使表面的SnO2分布更加均匀。本发明得到的第二相颗粒得到细化,硬度略有提升,但导电陶瓷的添加量不能过多,超出添加范围反而不利于硬度的增加。模拟电性能试验表明相比于传统的添加导电陶瓷的银氧化锡复合电接触材料,本发明实施例1~2的2种材料在直流和交流条件下的电寿命均超过15万次以上,电性能显著提高。
以上所述仅为本发明的几个较佳实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或者直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (5)

1.一种银氧化锡复合电接触材料制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将银锭、锡锭以及金属添加物放入中频炉中加热熔化,熔炼温度为1450±10℃,熔炼时间30~60min,然后用石墨棒搅拌,加入硼烷作精炼剂,精炼10~20min,扒渣,将熔体倒入中间包中用雾化装置进行水雾化,雾化喷嘴直径为5.2mm±0.1mm,雾化压力为58±2MPa,雾化时间为10~20min,水雾化后获得AgSn合金粉末;
(2)合金粉末预氧化处理:将步骤(1)获得的AgSn合金粉末送入连续退火炉里,分三个区段加热保温,第一区段550±10℃,保温时间3h±10min,第二区段750±10℃,保温时间3h±10min,第三区段850±10℃,保温时间6h±10min,将AgSn合金粉末氧化成AgSnO2粉末,然后将结块后的粉末用破碎机破碎成细小的粉末;
(3)将导电陶瓷粉与步骤(2)获得的AgSnO2粉末按重量比1:5~20混合,混粉时间为2~4h,将混好后的粉末进行振荡处理,振荡时间10~20s,然后把缸套装入冷等静压机里进行等静压处理,挤压成锭子;
(4)将锭子放入真空烧结炉中,温度分三个阶段,第一阶段350±10℃,保温时间为3h±10min,第二阶段550±10℃,保温时间为3h±10min,第三阶段保温时间为850±10℃,保温时间为6h±10min,时间到后降温到400℃取出锭子;
(5)将烧结后的锭子用复压机进行压实,复压压力为50±2MPa,时间为10~20s;
(6)将复压后的锭子放入空气退火炉中,锭子温度为850±10℃,保温3~6h,随后锭子进行热挤压处理,挤压成线材。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种银氧化锡复合电接触材料,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的银锭、锡锭以及金属添加物各组分的重量分别为银锭为88~92%,锡锭为6~12%,金属添加物为0.2~2%,所述金属添加剂为金属铟或金属铋的一种。
3.根据权利要求1或2中任意一项所述的一种银氧化锡复合电接触材料,其特征在于,所述导电陶瓷粉的化学式为Mn+1AXn,M为Ti或Mo中的一种,A为Si或Al中的一种,X为C或N中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任意一项所述的一种银氧化锡复合电接触材料,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述等静压处理的工艺参数为保压压力300±10MPa,保压时间为90±5s。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任意一项所述的一种银氧化锡复合电接触材料,其特征在于,步骤(6)中所述热挤压处理的工艺参数为挤压筒温度380±10℃,挤压筒保温时间2~5h,挤压垫和挤压嘴的温度为460±10℃,其保温时间为2~5h,挤压压力为100~200MPa,挤压速度为2~10mm/s。
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