CN113118630A - Preparation method of laser tailor-welded blank with different thicknesses - Google Patents
Preparation method of laser tailor-welded blank with different thicknesses Download PDFInfo
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- CN113118630A CN113118630A CN202110431412.0A CN202110431412A CN113118630A CN 113118630 A CN113118630 A CN 113118630A CN 202110431412 A CN202110431412 A CN 202110431412A CN 113118630 A CN113118630 A CN 113118630A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
- B23K2101/185—Tailored blanks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a differential thickness laser tailor-welded blank. The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method of a poor-thickness laser tailor-welded blank with excellent mechanical property and stamping forming property by welding with single-beam laser without notching. The method comprises the following steps: a. purifying two DP steel plates with different thicknesses, and cooling and air-drying; b. placing the two dried DP steel plates on a welding workbench, and placing a single-beam laser welding working head above the steel plates to be welded; c. and (4) adopting protective gas to protect the welding seam in the welding process, and welding to obtain the laser tailor-welded blank with the difference thickness. The method does not need to open gaps, reduces working procedures and improves working efficiency; the single-beam laser welding is adopted, the equipment is simple, the cost is saved, the yield strength of the obtained welding joint is 350-370 Mpa, the tensile strength is 550-590 Mpa, and the elongation is 18-24%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a differential thickness laser tailor-welded blank.
Background
The laser tailor-welded blank is a steel plate formed by laser welding plates with different or same thicknesses and different or same materials. The purpose is to reduce the dead weight of the vehicle, reduce the production cost, reduce the oil consumption, reduce the emission and improve the safety performance. The tailor-welded blank begins to be applied in the automobile industry, mainly aims at solving the problem that the width of a steel plate is not enough, and meets the requirement of the automobile industry on the width of the steel plate through the tailor-welding technology, so that the tailor-welding of the steel plates with the same thickness is mainly carried out. Along with the development of light weight and weight reduction of the automobile industry, the tailor-welded blank develops towards a direction of a differential thick plate, namely the tailor-welding of steel plates with different thicknesses is realized, the aim of tailor-welding of automobile plates is really realized, and particularly the laser tailor-welding of high-strength steel with differential thickness has great development potential.
Patent document CN110480154A discloses a welding method of laser tailor welded blanks, which comprises the following steps: A. blanking: firstly, blanking a first steel plate blank and a second steel plate blank into a first steel plate and a second steel plate; respectively punching a process notch at two ends of one longitudinal side edge of the second steel plate; B. splicing: splicing the first steel plate and the second steel plate to obtain a spliced edge, and enclosing process notches at two ends of the first steel plate and the second steel plate to form two spliced notches; C. laser welding: firstly, enabling laser to advance 0.5mm at one end of the notch side edge of the first steel plate of the tailor-welded notch along the tailor-welded direction, starting laser arcing, then welding along the tailor-welded edges of the first steel plate and the second steel plate to form a welding seam, and finally, stopping arcing when the laser advances to the other tailor-welded notch and is 0.5mm away from the other end of the notch side edge of the first steel plate to terminate welding. The welding method mainly solves the problem of welding defects of the arc striking end and the arc closing end by processing the notch on the substrate.
Patent document CN 111958109A discloses a tandem two-beam high-speed laser welding method, system and medium for galvanized dual-phase steel plate, the welding method comprises the following steps: obtaining a biphase DP steel plate with a Zn coating and a biphase DP steel plate with a non-coating, and purifying the surfaces; overlapping two DP steel plates subjected to surface purification treatment and placing the two DP steel plates on a workbench; placing a double-beam laser welding working head above a plate to be welded; a protective gas side blowing device is arranged in front of the laser welding working head, the direction of a gas blowing port is adjusted to point to a welding pool, and an included angle of 45 degrees is formed between the gas blowing port and the laser incidence direction; and (4) adjusting laser welding process parameters according to the thickness combination of the steel plates to complete laser welding of the lap joint of the Zn-coated DP steel plate and the non-coated DP steel plate. According to the invention, only proper double-beam laser welding parameters need to be adjusted, the influence of Zn steam in the welding process is reduced by utilizing the interaction of the front beam laser and the test plate, the front beam laser and the rear beam laser are matched with each other to realize high-speed welding, the welding defect is eliminated, and the joint strength is improved. The invention uses a double-beam welding process.
Patent document CN109048090A discloses a method for welding different-thickness plates by using double-beam laser, which comprises the following steps: firstly, milling and flattening the surface to be welded of a workpiece to be welded, then polishing the surface to be welded and the upper and lower surfaces of the surface to be welded by using abrasive paper, and flattening the surface to be welded during polishing; then, wiping the polished surface to be welded clean by alcohol or acetone, and ensuring that no impurity pollutes a welding pool in the welding process; and then the workpieces to be welded are butted together, the workpieces are tightly pressed by a welding fixture, the positions of the two beams of laser and the workpieces are adjusted, the initial position and the final position of the welding seam are found, welding shielding gas is introduced into the back and the front of the welding seam, and a laser switch is turned on to start welding. The invention uses a double-beam welding process. Therefore, the existing laser tailor-welding of the differential thick plate adopts a double-beam laser welding process, or solves the problem of welding defects by processing a notch.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method of a poor-thickness laser tailor-welded blank with excellent mechanical property and stamping forming property by welding with single-beam laser without notching.
The invention provides a preparation method of a laser tailor-welded blank with different thicknesses to solve the technical problems. The method comprises the following steps:
a. purifying two DP steel plates with different thicknesses, and cooling and air-drying;
b. placing the two dried DP steel plates on a welding workbench, and placing a single-beam laser welding working head above the steel plates to be welded;
c. and (4) adopting protective gas to protect the welding seam in the welding process, and welding to obtain the laser tailor-welded blank with the difference thickness.
Furthermore, in the step a, the thickness difference of the two DP steel plates is less than or equal to 0.5mm, the content difference of C is less than or equal to 0.03%, and the content difference of Mn is less than or equal to 0.4%.
Further, in step a, the two DP steel plates are DP590 and DP780 respectively.
The thickness of DP590 is 1.5-1.6 mm, the chemical components are C less than or equal to 0.13%, Si less than or equal to 0.55%, Mn less than or equal to 1.80%, P less than or equal to 0.017%, S less than or equal to 0.012%, and Cr less than or equal to 0.42%.
The thickness of DP780 is 1.9-2.0 mm, the chemical components are less than or equal to 0.16% of C, less than or equal to 0.70% of Si, less than or equal to 2.20% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.020% of P, less than or equal to 0.011% of S and less than or equal to 0.68% of Cr.
Furthermore, in the step a, the edge cutting burrs of the DP steel plate are less than or equal to 0.08mm, the straightness is less than or equal to 0.10mm, and the straightness is less than or equal to 0.15 mm.
Further, in the step a, the purification treatment is to clean the DP steel plate by using acetone until the surface of the steel plate is free of impurities.
Further, in the step b, placing the two DP steel plates after air drying on a welding workbench, wherein the horizontal gap of the DP steel plates is 0 mm; the gap in the vertical direction is 0.05-0.08 mm. The horizontal gap and the vertical gap of the DP steel plate are shown in fig. 3.
And further, in the step c, blowing by using a protective gas blowing device, wherein the distance between a blowing port and the welding line is 20-28 mm.
Further, in the step c, a distance between an air blowing opening of the measuring and blowing device and the DP steel plate to be welded is 30-60 degrees.
Further, in the step c, the protective gas is argon, the purity of the argon is 99.9%, and the gas flow is 900-1000L/H.
Further, in the step c, the defocusing amount is 0.2-1.0 mm in the welding process; the laser power is 3.7-4.2 kW; the welding speed is 5.0-8.0 m/min; the laser offset is 0.4-0.7 mm.
Further, in the welding process, the laser deviation is that the laser moves to the direction of the DP steel plate with larger thickness.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, the difference between the C content and the Mn content of DP steel plates with different thicknesses, the gap in the vertical direction of the steel plates and the laser welding process parameters are controlled, so that the manufactured laser tailor-welded plate with the different thicknesses does not need to be notched, the working procedures are reduced, and the working efficiency is improved; the single-beam laser welding is adopted, a high-quality welding joint can be obtained without an external device, the equipment is simple, the cost is saved, and the obtained welding joint has excellent mechanical properties and excellent stamping forming properties. The yield strength of the welded joint of the laser tailor-welded blank prepared by the method is 350-370 Mpa, the tensile strength is 550-590 Mpa, the elongation is 18-24%, and the cracking phenomenon can be avoided in the stamping forming process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a macro topography of a weld joint of example 1.
FIG. 2 is a macro topography of a weld joint of example 2.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the horizontal and vertical clearances of two DP steel plates when they are placed on a welding bench.
Detailed Description
Specifically, the invention provides a preparation method of a laser tailor-welded blank with different thicknesses, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
a. purifying two DP steel plates with different thicknesses, and cooling and air-drying;
b. placing the two dried DP steel plates on a welding workbench, and placing a single-beam laser welding working head above the steel plates to be welded;
c. and (4) adopting protective gas to protect the welding seam in the welding process, and welding to obtain the laser tailor-welded blank with the difference thickness.
In the step a, the DP steel plates are continuous annealing dual-phase steel, the content difference of C of the two DP steel plates is less than or equal to 0.03%, and the content difference of Mn of the two DP steel plates is less than or equal to 0.4%, so that smooth transition of components between the two DP steel plates is ensured. The inventor finds that the C content and the Mn content have large influence on the welding performance of the material in the research process, and when the C content and the Mn content of two steel plates have large difference, the segregation behavior of the two chemical components in a welding line can be caused, and the performance of the laser tailor-welded blank is reduced. The thickness difference of the two DP steel plates is less than or equal to 0.5 mm; the trimming burrs of the DP steel plate are less than or equal to 0.08mm, the straightness is less than or equal to 0.10mm, and the straightness is less than or equal to 0.15mm, so that the centers of all welding seams and a heat affected zone on a welding line are ensured to be at similar welding heat circulation temperatures, and welding defects and welding temperature field abnormity caused by trimming quality can be avoided. In the step a, the DP steel plate is cleaned by acetone in the purification treatment until no impurities exist on the surface of the steel plate. Further, cleaning oil stains and other impurities which affect the welding effect and are located in the range of 3-5 mm of the position to be welded.
In the step b, the two DP steel plates after air drying are placed on a welding workbench, and the horizontal gap of the DP steel plates is 0 mm; the gap in the vertical direction is 0.05-0.08 mm, so that the vertical fall of two plates on the front surface of the laser tailor-welded blank is reduced, a step with smaller size is formed, the fluidity of the tailor-welded blank in the forming process is improved under the condition that the use performance is not influenced, and the cracking risk is reduced. In the step b, single-beam laser welding is adopted, so that the equipment is simple and the cost is saved.
In the step c, the argon with the purity of 99.9% is adopted to protect the welding line, so that the welding line is ensured to be free of pollution. In the welding process, the defocusing amount is 0.2-1.0 mm; the laser power is 3.7-4.2 kW; the welding speed is 5.0-8.0 m/min; the laser offset is 0.4-0.7 mm, the welding seam strength is ensured in order to increase the molten metal amount of a welding joint, the protection effect on the thin side plate is improved, and the laser offset moves towards the DP steel plate with larger thickness.
According to the invention, by controlling the content difference of C and Mn among DP steel plates with different thicknesses, the gap in the vertical direction of the steel plates and the laser welding process parameters, the prepared laser tailor-welded plate with different thicknesses does not need to be notched, single-beam laser welding is adopted, the yield strength of the obtained welded joint is 350-370 Mpa, the tensile strength is 550-590 Mpa, the elongation is 18-24%, and the cracking phenomenon can be avoided in the stamping forming process.
The present invention will be further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
The chemical components of the DP590 steel plate of the embodiment are as follows: 0.11% of C, 0.45% of Si, 1.68% of Mn, 0.012% of P, 0.009% of S, 0.37% of Cr and 1.5mm in thickness. The chemical components of the DP780 steel plate are as follows: 0.13 percent of C, 0.58 percent of Si, 1.87 percent of Mn, 0.014 percent of P, 0.007 percent of S, 0.54 percent of Cr and 2.0mm in thickness. The difference of the C content of the parent metal is 0.02 percent, the difference of the Mn content is 0.19 percent, the edge cutting burrs of the two DP steel plates are 0.06mm, the straightness is 0.08mm, and the straightness is 0.13 mm.
Cleaning two DP steel plates by using acetone until the surfaces of the steel plates are free of impurities, cooling and air-drying, placing the two DP steel plates after air-drying on a welding workbench, wherein the gap in the vertical direction of the back surfaces of the two DP steel plates is 0.06mm, placing a single-beam laser welding working head above the steel plates to be welded, adopting argon to protect a welding seam in the welding process, wherein the flow of protective gas is 900L/H, the laser power is 3.72kW, the welding speed is 5.0m/min, the laser offset is 0.6mm, moving the laser to the DP780 steel plate side, and the macroscopic morphology of a welded joint is shown in figure 1.
Example 2
The chemical components of the DP590 steel plate of the embodiment are as follows: 0.08 percent of C, 0.42 percent of Si, 1.58 percent of Mn, 0.009 percent of P, 0.008 percent of S, 0.39 percent of Cr and 1.6mm in thickness. The chemical components of the DP780 steel plate are as follows: 0.09% of C, 0.48% of Si, 1.93% of Mn, 0.012% of P, 0.011% of S, 0.62% of Cr and 1.9mm in thickness. The difference of the C content of the parent metal is 0.01 percent, the difference of the Mn content is 0.35 percent, the edge cutting burrs of the two DP steel plates are 0.05mm, the straightness is 0.09mm, and the straightness is 0.15 mm.
Cleaning two DP steel plates by using acetone until the surfaces of the two DP steel plates are free of impurities, cooling and air-drying, placing the two DP steel plates after air-drying on a welding workbench, wherein the gap in the vertical direction of the back surfaces of the two DP steel plates is 0.08mm, placing a single-beam laser welding working head above the steel plates to be welded, adopting argon to protect a welding seam in the welding process, wherein the flow of protective gas is 1000L/H, the laser power is 4.05kW, the welding speed is 6.0m/min, the laser offset is 0.7mm, the laser moves to the DP780 steel plate side, the macroscopic morphology of a welded joint is shown in figure 2, and the yield strength 348MPa, the tensile strength 568MPa, the elongation A80 of the welded joint and the cracking of the.
Comparative example 1
The chemical components of the DP590 steel plate of the embodiment are as follows: 0.075% of C, 0.45% of Si, 1.52% of Mn, 0.012% of P, 0.009% of S, 0.37% of Cr and 1.5mm in thickness. The chemical components of the DP780 steel plate are as follows: 0.11% of C, 0.58% of Si, 1.98% of Mn, 0.014% of P, 0.007% of S, 0.54% of Cr, 2.0mm in thickness, 0.06mm in edge cutting burr, 0.08mm in straightness and 0.13mm in flatness of two DP steel plates.
Cleaning two DP steel plates by using acetone until the surfaces of the two DP steel plates are free of impurities, cooling and air-drying, placing the two DP steel plates after air-drying on a welding workbench, wherein the gap in the vertical direction of the back surfaces of the two DP steel plates is 0.08mm, placing a single-beam laser welding working head above the steel plates to be welded, adopting argon to protect a welding seam in the welding process, wherein the flow of protective gas is 900L/H, the laser power is 3.72kW, the welding speed is 5.0m/min, the laser offset is 0.6mm, and the laser moves to the DP780 steel plate side to prepare a welded joint with the yield strength of 342MPa, the tensile strength of 545MPa, the elongation A80 of 17%.
Comparative example 2
The chemical components of the DP590 steel plate of the embodiment are as follows: 0.082% of C, 0.45% of Si, 1.62% of Mn1, 0.012% of P, 0.009% of S, 0.37% of Cr and 1.5mm in thickness. The chemical components of the DP780 steel plate are as follows: 0.11% of C, 0.58% of Si, 1.96% of Mn, 0.014% of P, 0.007% of S, 0.54% of Cr, 2.0mm in thickness, 0.06mm in edge cutting burr, 0.08mm in straightness and 0.13mm in flatness of two DP steel plates.
Cleaning two DP steel plates by using acetone until the surfaces of the two DP steel plates are free of impurities, cooling and air-drying, placing the two DP steel plates after air-drying on a welding workbench, wherein the gap in the vertical direction of the back surfaces of the two DP steel plates is 2mm, placing a single-beam laser welding working head above the steel plates to be welded, protecting a welding seam by using argon, wherein the flow rate of protective gas is 900L/H, the laser power is 3.82kW, the welding speed is 5.5m/min, the laser offset is 0.6mm, moving laser to the DP780 steel plate side, and obtaining the welded joint with the yield strength of 376MPa, the tensile strength of 602MPa, the elongation A80 of 25% by stamping and forming cracks.
Comparative example 3
The chemical components of the DP590 steel plate of the embodiment are as follows: 0.085 percent of C, 0.45 percent of Si, 1.55 percent of Mn1, 0.012 percent of P, 0.009 percent of S, 0.37 percent of Cr and 1.5mm in thickness. The chemical components of the DP780 steel plate are as follows: 0.108 percent of C, 0.58 percent of Si, 1.83 percent of Mn, 0.014 percent of P, 0.007 percent of S, 0.54 percent of Cr, 2.0mm in thickness, 0.06mm in edge cutting burr, 0.08mm in straightness and 0.13mm in straightness of two DP steel plates.
Cleaning two DP steel plates by using acetone until the surfaces of the steel plates are free of impurities, cooling and air-drying, placing the two DP steel plates after air-drying on a welding workbench, wherein the gap in the vertical direction of the back surfaces of the two DP steel plates is 0.08mm, placing a single-beam laser welding working head above the steel plates to be welded, adopting argon to protect a welding seam in the welding process, wherein the flow of protective gas is 900L/H, the laser power is 4.5kW, the welding speed is 9m/min, the laser offset is 1mm, moving laser to the DP780 steel plate side, and obtaining the welded joint with the yield strength of 332MPa, the tensile strength of 536MPa, the elongation A80 of 14%, and performing stamping.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the laser tailor-welded blank with the different thickness is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
a. purifying two DP steel plates with different thicknesses, and cooling and air-drying;
b. placing the two dried DP steel plates on a welding workbench, and placing a single-beam laser welding working head above the steel plates to be welded;
c. and (4) adopting protective gas to protect the welding seam in the welding process, and welding to obtain the laser tailor-welded blank with the difference thickness.
2. The method of manufacturing a differential thickness laser tailor welded blank according to claim 1, wherein: in the step a, the thickness difference of the two DP steel plates is less than or equal to 0.5mm, the content difference of C is less than or equal to 0.03%, and the content difference of Mn is less than or equal to 0.4%.
3. The method for producing a differential thickness laser tailor welded blank according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the step a, the edge cutting burr of the DP steel plate is less than or equal to 0.08mm, the straightness is less than or equal to 0.10mm, and the straightness is less than or equal to 0.15 mm.
4. The method for preparing a differential thickness laser tailor-welded blank according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: in the step a, the DP steel plate is cleaned by acetone until no impurities exist on the surface of the steel plate.
5. The method for preparing a differential thickness laser tailor-welded blank according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: in the step b, placing the two DP steel plates after air drying on a welding workbench, wherein the horizontal gap between the DP steel plates is 0 mm; the gap in the vertical direction is 0.05-0.08 mm.
6. The method for preparing a differential thickness laser tailor-welded blank according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: and c, blowing by using a protective gas blowing device, wherein the distance between a blowing port and the welding line is 20-28 mm.
7. The method of manufacturing a differential thickness laser tailor welded blank according to claim 6, wherein: in the step c, the air blowing opening of the blowing measuring device and the DP steel plate to be welded form a gap of 30-60 degrees.
8. The method for preparing a differential thickness laser tailor-welded blank according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: in the step c, the protective gas is argon, and the gas flow is 900-1000L/H.
9. The method for preparing a differential thickness laser tailor-welded blank according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: in the step c, the defocusing amount is 0.2-1.0 mm in the welding process; the laser power is 3.7-4.2 kW; the welding speed is 5.0-8.0 m/min; the laser offset is 0.4-0.7 mm.
10. The method of making a differential thickness laser tailor welded blank according to claim 9, wherein: in the welding process, the laser deviation refers to the laser moving towards the DP steel plate with larger thickness.
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| CN113500292A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-10-15 | 攀钢集团研究院有限公司 | Production method of vanadium-containing dual-phase steel laser tailor-welded blank |
| CN114083119A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-02-25 | 河钢股份有限公司 | Laser tailor-welding method for heterogeneous difference-thickness plate |
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