CN110681972B - Vacuum electron beam welding method for extra-thick plate blank - Google Patents
Vacuum electron beam welding method for extra-thick plate blank Download PDFInfo
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- CN110681972B CN110681972B CN201910939732.XA CN201910939732A CN110681972B CN 110681972 B CN110681972 B CN 110681972B CN 201910939732 A CN201910939732 A CN 201910939732A CN 110681972 B CN110681972 B CN 110681972B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0006—Electron-beam welding or cutting specially adapted for particular articles
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Abstract
The invention relates to a vacuum electron beam welding method of an extra-thick plate blank, wherein the thickness of the extra-thick plate blank is more than or equal to 400 mm; the length of the single butt weld is more than or equal to 2 m; the method adopts a sectional welding mode during vacuum electron beam welding, namely, a single butt welding line is averagely divided into n sections, wherein n is more than or equal to 5, and the length of each section of butt welding line is less than or equal to 200 mm; welding odd-number sections of butt welding seams and then welding even-number sections of butt welding seams. The invention adopts a sectional welding method aiming at the overlong welding seam of the extra-thick plate blank, can solve the problem that the welding joint is easy to lose efficacy and crack because the joint stress of the extra-thick plate blank is concentrated at the head and the tail, and reduces the welding deformation degree of the welding joint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of melting and welding of the same material, in particular to a vacuum electron beam welding method for an extra-thick plate blank.
Background
Since the birth of the last 50 th century, the electron beam welding technology is widely applied to the industrial fields of aviation, aerospace, atomic energy and the like due to the characteristics of high power density, small welding heat input, small part deformation, small residual stress after welding, large weld depth-to-width ratio, no oxidation of a welding joint, good weld quality and the like. In the aviation manufacturing industry, due to the application of an electron beam welding technology, the manufacturing level of an aircraft engine is greatly improved, a plurality of reduction designs and welding of dissimilar materials in the engine are realized, the overall performance of the engine is improved, a processing way is provided for manufacturing a plurality of parts which are difficult to integrally process, and the electron beam welding is increasingly widely applied in various fields and shows great superiority along with the requirement of development of modern novel engines.
Chinese patent with publication number CN101934424A discloses a TB 5/copper alloy vacuum electron beam welding method, which can form good metallurgical bonding between TB5 titanium alloy and QCr0.8 copper alloy weld joint without welding defects such as air holes and cracks by a superposition welding method; on the other hand, the layered structure of the metal layer compound formed by the welding seam and the QCr0.8 copper alloy side can be weakened or eliminated, a continuously distributed welding seam structure is obtained, and the tensile strength of the joint can be improved to more than 70% of that of the QCr0.8 copper alloy base material.
Chinese patent publication No. CN103506751A discloses a vacuum electron beam welding method for stainless steel cylinder, which improves the quality reliability and stability of the product through cleaning, polishing, assembling, vacuumizing, welding and inspecting.
Chinese patent publication No. CN102649192A discloses a vacuum electron beam butt welding method under an overproof assembly gap, which adds a defocusing weak current to close the weld before beam welding, so that the metal steam pressure, the reaction force and the acting force between the molten metal gravity are balanced when the subsequent beam welding is performed, which plays a role of filling the weld and avoids the generation of welding leakage on site.
Chinese patent publication No. CN104475959A discloses "a vacuum electron beam welding process method for stator components of aircraft engines", which satisfies the welding of welds with different thicknesses to the greatest extent by a brand new vacuum electron beam welding process method, ensures uniform heat input, controls welding deformation, and satisfies the stability requirement of the stator components after welding.
Chinese patent publication No. CN104057198A discloses a "vacuum electron beam welding method for titanium alloy rotor assembly", which controls welding deformation and weld quality by reasonable welding sequence and welding parameters, and overcomes the technical difficulties of poor integral rigidity, large welding amount, difficult control of welding deformation, etc. of the product.
In conclusion, the vacuum electron beam welding technology is gradually optimized and adapted to the requirements of various special conditions through development and perfection of many years. However, with the rapid development of industrial technology, the welding of large-size workpieces and ultra-long welds becomes a difficult problem in vacuum electron beam welding, such as the manufacturing technology of large airplanes, which often requires the vacuum electron beam welding of several meters or even dozens of meters of a single weld. In some ship and ocean engineering structures, the vacuum electron beam welding of extra-thick slabs (such as rack steel for an ocean platform) often encounters the problems of overlong welding seams, serious stress concentration, high head and tail deformation degree after welding and the like. At present, the related research on how to carry out vacuum electron beam welding on the welding joint of the ultra-long and ultra-thick plate blank is still less at home and abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a vacuum electron beam welding method for an extra-thick plate blank, which adopts a sectional welding method aiming at an ultra-long welding seam of the extra-thick plate blank, can solve the problem that the welding joint is easy to fail and crack due to the fact that the joint stress of the extra-thick plate blank is concentrated at the head and the tail, and reduces the welding deformation degree of the welding joint.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a vacuum electron beam welding method for an extra-thick plate blank is disclosed, wherein the thickness of the extra-thick plate blank is more than or equal to 400 mm; the length of the single butt weld is more than or equal to 2 m; the method adopts a sectional welding mode during vacuum electron beam welding, namely, a single butt welding line is averagely divided into n sections, wherein n is more than or equal to 5, and the length of each section of butt welding line is less than or equal to 200 mm; welding odd-number sections of butt welding seams and then welding even-number sections of butt welding seams.
A vacuum electron beam welding method for an extra-thick plate blank comprises the following steps of:
1) cleaning the surfaces of joints to be welded of the extra-thick plate blanks, and then assembling;
2) spot welding and fixing two ends of a butt joint of the extra-thick plate blank, and then sending the extra-thick plate blank into a vacuum chamber;
3) when the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber reaches 4.5 multiplied by 10-2When the pressure is less than Pa, performing vacuum electron beam welding connection; firstly, the surface of a welding head is processed in a low-power scanning modeAnd cleaning the rows and then welding the rows in sections.
The ultra-thick plate blank is a continuous casting blank or a steel plate, and the steel type is low-carbon steel, medium-carbon steel or low-alloy steel.
In the step 1), the surface cleaning is to grind and wipe the surface of the welding head to remove the surface oxide layer and oil stains.
In the step 2), manual welding or gas shielded welding is adopted during spot welding fixing, and the spot welding fixing position is the side face of the butt joint, or a fixing rib plate is added on the back face of the butt joint and is welded and fixed.
In the step 3), the surface of a to-be-welded joint is cleaned in a defocusing mode, the welding beam current is 30-50 mA, the welding voltage is 50-60 kV, the welding speed is 600-1000 mm/min, the defocusing amount is 0, and the scanning diameter is 60-80 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the welding seam of the vacuum electron beam butt joint is divided into a plurality of small sections, the odd number sections and the even number sections are welded successively, the phenomenon that the welding stress is concentrated at the head and the tail of a workpiece to be welded due to overlarge thickness of the workpiece to be welded or overlong joint is effectively reduced through optimizing and adjusting the welding position, the sequence and the welding parameters, and the welding stress is uniformly distributed at the head and the tail of each small welding section, so that the overall deformation of the welding joint of the workpiece to be welded is reduced, and the welding adaptability of the welding joint is improved.
Detailed Description
According to the vacuum electron beam welding method for the extra-thick plate blank, the thickness of the extra-thick plate blank is more than or equal to 400 mm; the length of the single butt weld is more than or equal to 2 m; the method adopts a sectional welding mode during vacuum electron beam welding, namely, a single butt welding line is averagely divided into n sections, wherein n is more than or equal to 5, and the length of each section of butt welding line is less than or equal to 200 mm; welding odd-number sections of butt welding seams and then welding even-number sections of butt welding seams.
A vacuum electron beam welding method for an extra-thick plate blank comprises the following steps of:
1) cleaning the surfaces of joints to be welded of the extra-thick plate blanks, and then assembling;
2) spot welding and fixing two ends of a butt joint of the extra-thick plate blank, and then sending the extra-thick plate blank into a vacuum chamber;
3) when the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber reaches 4.5 multiplied by 10-2When the pressure is less than Pa, performing vacuum electron beam welding connection; firstly, cleaning the surface of a to-be-welded head in a low-power scanning mode, and then welding in sections.
The ultra-thick plate blank is a continuous casting blank or a steel plate, and the steel type is low-carbon steel, medium-carbon steel or low-alloy steel.
In the step 1), the surface cleaning is to grind and wipe the surface of the welding head to remove the surface oxide layer and oil stains.
In the step 2), manual welding or gas shielded welding is adopted during spot welding fixing, and the spot welding fixing position is the side face of the butt joint, or a fixing rib plate is added on the back face of the butt joint and is welded and fixed.
In the step 3), the surface of a to-be-welded joint is cleaned in a defocusing mode, the welding beam current is 30-50 mA, the welding voltage is 50-60 kV, the welding speed is 600-1000 mm/min, the defocusing amount is 0, and the scanning diameter is 60-80 mm.
Before vacuum electron beam welding, the surfaces of the to-be-welded joints are polished by an angle grinder or a millennium wheel and wiped by alcohol, so that oxide layers and oil stains on the surfaces of workpieces are removed, and the stability and the quality of the welded joints can be effectively improved.
The butt joint is fixed by spot welding before the vacuum electron beam welding connection, so that the integral hoisting of the butt joint is facilitated, and the secondary pollution of the joint is prevented.
Using 4.5X 10-2The welding is carried out under the vacuum degree below Pa, so that the stability of the vacuum electron beam welding can be effectively improved, and the influence of a large amount of metal steam formed in the welding process on the welding stability is reduced.
Before welding connection, the defocusing mode is adopted to clean the surface of a to-be-welded joint, so that oil stains, splashes, oxide layers and the like on the surface of the to-be-welded joint can be further removed, and the welding stability and quality are improved.
The following examples are carried out on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and detailed embodiments and specific operation processes are given, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the following examples. The methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
[ examples ] A method for producing a compound
In the present example, the vacuum electron beam welding process parameters of the extra-thick slab are shown in tables 1 and 2, and the post-welding performance test results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 1
| Numbering | Steel grade | Cwt％ | Kind of blank | Thickness of | Length of |
| Example 1 | Q235B | 0.10 | Continuous casting billet | 100mm | 2000mm |
| Example 2 | Q345B | 0.20 | Continuous casting billet | 100mm | 2000mm |
| Example 3 | Q345E | 0.18 | Slab | 80mm | 800mm |
| Example 4 | 35# | 0.35 | Slab | 80mm | 1200mm |
| Example 5 | 45# | 0.45 | Continuous casting billet | 80mm | 1800mm |
TABLE 2
| Numbering | Spot welding method | Length of spot welding | Number of stages n | Each segment being long |
| Example 1 | Manual arc welding | 80mm | 10 | 200mm |
| Example 2 | Manual arc welding | 80mm | 10 | 200mm |
| Example 3 | Gas shielded welding | 60mm | 5 | 160mm |
| Example 4 | Gas shielded welding | 60mm | 6 | 200mm |
| Example 5 | Gas shielded welding | 60mm | 9 | 200mm |
TABLE 3
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A vacuum electron beam welding method of an extra-thick plate blank is characterized in that the extra-thick plate blank is a continuous casting blank or a steel plate, and the steel is low-carbon steel, medium-carbon steel or low-alloy steel; the thickness of the extra-thick plate blank is more than or equal to 400 mm; the length of the single butt weld is more than or equal to 2 m; the method is characterized in that a sectional welding mode is adopted during vacuum electron beam welding, namely, a single butt welding line is averagely divided into n sections, wherein n is more than or equal to 5, and the length of each section of butt welding line is 160-200 mm; welding odd-number sections of butt welding seams and then welding even-number sections of butt welding seams;
before the segmented welding, the following steps are firstly carried out:
1) cleaning the surfaces of joints to be welded of the extra-thick plate blanks, and then assembling; the surface cleaning is to grind and wipe the surface of the welding head to remove a surface oxide layer and oil stains;
2) spot welding and fixing two ends of a butt joint of the extra-thick plate blank, and then sending the extra-thick plate blank into a vacuum chamber; manual welding or gas shielded welding is adopted during spot welding and fixing, the spot welding fixing position is the side face of the butt joint, or a fixing rib plate is added on the back face of the butt joint and is welded and fixed;
3) when the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber reaches 4.5 multiplied by 10-2When the pressure is less than Pa, performing vacuum electron beam welding connection; firstly, cleaning the surface of a to-be-welded joint in a low-power scanning mode, and then welding in sections; the method is characterized in that the surface of a to-be-welded joint is cleaned in a defocusing mode, the welding beam current is 30-50 mA, the welding voltage is 50-60 kV, the welding speed is 600-1000 mm/min, the defocusing amount is 0, and the scanning diameter is 60-80 mm.
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| CN201910939732.XA CN110681972B (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2019-09-30 | Vacuum electron beam welding method for extra-thick plate blank |
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| CN201910939732.XA CN110681972B (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2019-09-30 | Vacuum electron beam welding method for extra-thick plate blank |
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| CN110681972B true CN110681972B (en) | 2021-08-20 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112475583B (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2022-05-31 | 伊莱特能源装备股份有限公司 | Method for improving sealing welding efficiency of vacuum electron beam of multilayer plate blank |
| CN113977059B (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2023-05-12 | 山东钢铁集团日照有限公司 | Method for sealing and welding composite board vacuum electron beam assembly |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4176270A (en) * | 1976-06-04 | 1979-11-27 | Valmet Oy | Roll and roll-manufacturing method |
| CN103659015A (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2014-03-26 | 上海宝冶集团有限公司 | Four-section segmented skip welding method |
| CN104289822A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-21 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | Large thickness structure to-be-welded workpiece and welding method thereof |
| CN104959725A (en) * | 2015-06-08 | 2015-10-07 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | Electron beam welding deformation control method of large variable-thickness component |
| CN106694600A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2017-05-24 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for producing stainless steel extra thick composite boards |
| CN107186316A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-09-22 | 山东电力建设第工程公司 | It is a kind of to connect the distortion-free welding procedure of condenser welding for large-size steam turbine low pressure (LP) cylinder |
| CN108176715A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-19 | 燕山大学 | Embedded composite plate blank-making method |
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2019
- 2019-09-30 CN CN201910939732.XA patent/CN110681972B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4176270A (en) * | 1976-06-04 | 1979-11-27 | Valmet Oy | Roll and roll-manufacturing method |
| CN103659015A (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2014-03-26 | 上海宝冶集团有限公司 | Four-section segmented skip welding method |
| CN104289822A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-21 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | Large thickness structure to-be-welded workpiece and welding method thereof |
| CN104959725A (en) * | 2015-06-08 | 2015-10-07 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | Electron beam welding deformation control method of large variable-thickness component |
| CN106694600A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2017-05-24 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for producing stainless steel extra thick composite boards |
| CN107186316A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-09-22 | 山东电力建设第工程公司 | It is a kind of to connect the distortion-free welding procedure of condenser welding for large-size steam turbine low pressure (LP) cylinder |
| CN108176715A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-19 | 燕山大学 | Embedded composite plate blank-making method |
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