CN114083119A - Laser tailor-welding method for heterogeneous difference-thickness plate - Google Patents
Laser tailor-welding method for heterogeneous difference-thickness plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN114083119A CN114083119A CN202111386747.1A CN202111386747A CN114083119A CN 114083119 A CN114083119 A CN 114083119A CN 202111386747 A CN202111386747 A CN 202111386747A CN 114083119 A CN114083119 A CN 114083119A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a laser tailor-welding method of a heterogeneous differential thickness plate, which comprises the following steps: (1) determining the tailor-welded surfaces of thick plates and thin plates to be tailor-welded, and finely cutting the tailor-welded sides of the two tailor-welded plates; after the fine cutting, the gap between the two plates is ensured to be less than or equal to 10 percent of the plate thickness of the butt welding side of the thick plate in the butt joint process; (2) cleaning the surfaces of the two tailor-welded blanks after the finish cutting, and butting the finish cut edges of the two tailor-welded blanks; (3) the tailor-welded blank is welded by adopting a laser beam of laser welding equipment, the power of the laser beam is 3000-4000W, the offset of the laser spot position to the thick plate direction is 0.12-0.18 mm, the welding speed is 3-7 m/min, the defocusing amount is set to-0.5-1.4 mm, and inert gas is adopted as protective gas in the welding process. The laser tailor-welding method can prevent the weld cracking defect caused by uneven butt welding surface; the butt-joint welding method has the characteristics of high efficiency, controllability, high flatness of butt-joint welding surfaces, small difference of joint performance and high welding quality of laser welding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a laser welding method, in particular to a laser tailor-welding method for a heterogeneous difference-thickness plate.
Background
Along with the development of science and technology, the automobile industry pays close attention to weight reduction and energy consumption reduction, and especially, along with the increasing strictness of emission standards and the increasing requirement of users on the endurance mileage of new energy automobiles, the light weight of the whole automobile becomes the most important attention of a host factory. And the light structure and the light material are indispensable technical paths for the light weight of automobiles. The laser tailor-welded blank can combine the functional requirements of automobile parts, and connects different-strength, different-thickness and heterogeneous metal plates together in a customized manner, so that the design upgrade and material optimization of the parts are realized.
At present, more and more materials are used for realizing the production of tailor-welded blanks, and particularly, higher plates can be adopted in the part design by adopting a high-strength thinning mode along with the increase of the application proportion of high-strength steel on a vehicle body, and the strength is ensured not to be reduced. However, due to the differences in thickness, strength and properties, the heterogeneous differential thickness materials have large differences in mechanical properties, component compositions and the like, and particularly, the performance difference of a weld joint can be caused after laser welding thermal cycle, so that the forming quality of subsequent products is directly influenced. The defects of welding seam cracking, poor performance of a welding joint caused by plate thickness difference and the like exist in the existing welding method, and the defects are not effectively solved so far. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to find a method for ensuring the welding quality of the laser tailor-welding with high efficiency and controllability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser tailor-welding method for a heterogeneous difference thick plate with high welding quality.
In order to solve the technical problem, the method and the process adopted by the invention are as follows: (1) determining the tailor-welded surfaces of thick plates and thin plates to be tailor-welded, and finely cutting the tailor-welded sides of the two tailor-welded plates; after the fine cutting, the gap between the two plates is ensured to be less than or equal to 10 percent of the plate thickness of the butt welding side of the thick plate in the butt joint process;
(2) cleaning the surfaces of the two tailor-welded blanks after the finish cutting, and butting the finish cut edges of the two tailor-welded blanks;
(3) the tailor-welded blank is welded by adopting a laser beam of laser welding equipment, the power of the laser beam is 3000-4000W, the offset of the laser spot position to the thick plate direction is 0.12-0.18 mm, the welding speed is 3-7 m/min, the defocusing amount is set to-0.5-1.4 mm, and inert gas is adopted as protective gas in the welding process.
In the step (1), the strength of the two tailor-welded blanks is not more than 700 MPa.
In the step (1), the thickness of the thin plate on the tailor-welded side is 0.6mm to 1.0mm, and the thickness of the thick plate on the tailor-welded side is 1.0mm to 2.0 mm.
In the step (3), the blowing angle of the protective gas is 30-60 degrees, and the gas flow is 28-35L/min.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: the invention solves the problems of large burr on the butt joint surface, poor welding quality and the like caused by the fact that the existing laser tailor-welded blank directly adopts blanking sheets for tailor-welding; according to the invention, the laser welding heat input when different plate thickness ratios are configured is realized by controlling the offset of the laser spot, and the close performance of the tissues at two sides of the welding seam is ensured. The welding method can prevent the weld joint cracking defect caused by uneven butt welding surface, solve the problem of poor performance of the welding joint caused by plate thickness difference, obviously improve the product quality and the production efficiency, and is suitable for industrial production; the butt-joint welding method has the characteristics of high efficiency, controllability, high flatness of butt-joint welding surfaces, small difference of joint performance and high welding quality of laser welding.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a microstructure of a welded joint in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram of the fracture position of the tailor-welded blank after the cupping test in example 1 of the present invention.
In the figure: thin plate 1, thick plate 2, thin plate side weld affected zone 3, tailor welded seam 4, thick plate side heat affected zone 5.
Detailed Description
The laser tailor-welding method of the heterogeneous difference thick plate adopts the following process: (1) preparing two tailor-welded plates, wherein the two tailor-welded plates are different in strength level and thickness and are respectively a thin plate and a thick plate; determining the tailor-welded surfaces of two tailor-welded plates, and performing finish cutting treatment on the tailor-welded sides of the two tailor-welded plates, wherein the finish cutting allowance is more than or equal to 3mm, and after finish cutting, ensuring that the gap between the two plates is less than or equal to 10% of the plate thickness of the tailor-welded side of the thick plate in the butt joint process of the two tailor-welded plates; the strength of the two tailor-welded plates is less than or equal to 700Mpa, the plate thickness of the tailor-welded side of the thin plate is 0.6-1.0 mm, and the plate thickness of the tailor-welded side of the thick plate is 1.0-2.0 mm.
(2) Cleaning the surface of the tailor-welded blank after the fine cutting, removing dust and oil stains, and standing or drying; and then the finish cut edges of the two tailor-welded plates are butted, so that the flatness of the butted surfaces is ensured.
(3) Welding the tailor-welded blank by adopting a laser beam of laser welding equipment, wherein the power of the laser beam is 3000-4000W, the offset of a laser spot position to the thick plate 2 is 0.12-0.18 mm, the welding speed is 3-7 m/min, the defocusing amount is set to-0.5-1.4 mm, and inert gas is adopted as protective gas in the welding process; the protective gas is nitrogen and/or argon, the blowing angle of the protective gas is 30-60 degrees from the normal included angle of the butt joint face of the tailor-welded blank, and the gas flow is 28-35L/min.
(4) The microstructure of each area of the welded tailor-welded blank shows little difference, and the welded tailor-welded blank is a ferrite structure. Performing a cupping test on the tailor-welded plate after the tailor-welding is finished, and ensuring that the tailor-welding weld joint is centered; the breaking positions of the cupping test are all generated on the side of the thin plate, the mechanical property of the tailor-welded blank meets the requirement, and the tailor-welded quality is good.
Examples 1 to 6: the laser tailor-welding method for the heterogeneous difference-thickness plate adopts the following specific process.
(1) Two steel sheets for automobiles were prepared, wherein the sheet thicknesses and tensile strengths of the thick and thin sheets are shown in Table 1. And (3) precisely cutting the spliced and welded edges, wherein the cut is straight and has no burrs, and the allowance of the precise cutting and the gap between the two plates are shown in a table 1.
Table 1: two tailor-welded blanks strength grade and thickness
(2) Cleaning the two tailor-welded blanks after finish cutting, wherein the blanks with better surface cleanliness can be directly cleaned by a roller with felt; if the cleanliness is poor, the cleaning machine of the conveying roller way needs to be opened for cleaning.
(3) And (3) butting the finish cut edges of the two tailor-welded plates, measuring the gap of the butting surfaces, and ensuring that the butting gap is less than or equal to 10% of the plate thickness of the tailor-welded side of the thick plate, which is shown in table 1.
(4) The plates were welded using laser beams, the specific process parameters are shown in table 2.
Table 2: laser welding parameters
(5) And (3) evaluating the welding quality: FIG. 1 shows the microstructure of the welded joint after tailor welding in the present example 1; in fig. 1, a thin plate 1 and a thick plate 2 are respectively arranged at two sides, a tailor-welded seam 4 is arranged in the middle, a region of the thin plate 1 close to the tailor-welded seam 4 is a thin plate side welding affected zone 3, and a region of the thick plate 2 close to the tailor-welded seam 4 is a thick plate side heat affected zone 5; as can be seen from FIG. 1, the welded joint has fine structure and no defects such as pits and pores; since both materials are ultra-low carbon steel, the microstructure of the tailor-welded weld zone 4, the thin plate side weld affected zone 3, and the thick plate side heat affected zone 5 shows little difference in microstructure, and both materials are ferrite structures. It was verified that the microstructure of the tailor-welded blanks obtained in examples 2 to 7 exhibited a small difference in microstructure, and were all ferrite structures.
Fig. 2 is a result of a cupping test of the tailor-welded blank obtained in example 1, and it can be seen that a fracture site occurs at one side of the thin plate 1, which indicates that the mechanical properties of the tailor-welded blank meet requirements and the tailor-welded blank has good quality. It was confirmed that the breaking points of the cupping test results of the tailor-welded blanks obtained in examples 2 to 7 all occurred on the sheet side.
Claims (4)
1. A laser tailor-welding method for a heterogeneous differential thickness plate is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) determining the tailor-welded surfaces of thick plates and thin plates to be tailor-welded, and finely cutting the tailor-welded sides of the two tailor-welded plates; after the fine cutting, the gap between the two plates is ensured to be less than or equal to 10 percent of the plate thickness of the butt welding side of the thick plate in the butt joint process;
(2) cleaning the surfaces of the two tailor-welded blanks after the finish cutting, and butting the finish cut edges of the two tailor-welded blanks;
(3) the tailor-welded blank is welded by adopting a laser beam of laser welding equipment, the power of the laser beam is 3000-4000W, the offset of the laser spot position to the thick plate direction is 0.12-0.18 mm, the welding speed is 3-7 m/min, the defocusing amount is set to-0.5-1.4 mm, and inert gas is adopted as protective gas in the welding process.
2. The laser tailor-welding method for the heterogeneous differential thickness plate according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the strength of the two tailor-welded blanks is not more than 700 MPa.
3. The laser tailor-welding method for the heterogeneous differential thickness plate according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the thickness of the tailor-welded side of the thin plate is 0.6-1.0 mm, and the thickness of the tailor-welded side of the thick plate is 1.0-2.0 mm.
4. The laser tailor-welding method for a heterogeneous difference thickness sheet according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: in the step (3), the blowing angle of the protective gas is 30-60 degrees, and the gas flow is 28-35L/min.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111386747.1A CN114083119A (en) | 2021-11-22 | 2021-11-22 | Laser tailor-welding method for heterogeneous difference-thickness plate |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111386747.1A CN114083119A (en) | 2021-11-22 | 2021-11-22 | Laser tailor-welding method for heterogeneous difference-thickness plate |
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| CN114083119A true CN114083119A (en) | 2022-02-25 |
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| CN202111386747.1A Pending CN114083119A (en) | 2021-11-22 | 2021-11-22 | Laser tailor-welding method for heterogeneous difference-thickness plate |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115446501A (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-12-09 | 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 | Splicing method for steel plates with different thicknesses |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0583995A1 (en) * | 1992-08-14 | 1994-02-23 | Sollac | Method of welding at least two metal sheets having different thicknesses |
| CN105397288A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-03-16 | 中色科技股份有限公司 | Laser welding method for aluminum alloy tailor-welded blanks with equal thicknesses |
| CN205129191U (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-04-06 | 东风汽车公司 | Stability of uniform thickness laser welding board weld quality not is improved rolling wheel mechanism |
| CN109351840A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-02-19 | 东风汽车集团有限公司 | A kind of blanking method for realizing longitudinal fine pruning on uncoiling blanking mould |
| CN111843214A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-10-30 | 苏州大学 | Manufacturing method of aluminum-silicon coated steel/high-strength hot-forming steel composite steel part |
| CN113118629A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-16 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of poor-intensity laser tailor-welded blank |
| CN113118630A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-16 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of laser tailor-welded blank with different thicknesses |
-
2021
- 2021-11-22 CN CN202111386747.1A patent/CN114083119A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0583995A1 (en) * | 1992-08-14 | 1994-02-23 | Sollac | Method of welding at least two metal sheets having different thicknesses |
| CN205129191U (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-04-06 | 东风汽车公司 | Stability of uniform thickness laser welding board weld quality not is improved rolling wheel mechanism |
| CN105397288A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-03-16 | 中色科技股份有限公司 | Laser welding method for aluminum alloy tailor-welded blanks with equal thicknesses |
| CN109351840A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-02-19 | 东风汽车集团有限公司 | A kind of blanking method for realizing longitudinal fine pruning on uncoiling blanking mould |
| CN111843214A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-10-30 | 苏州大学 | Manufacturing method of aluminum-silicon coated steel/high-strength hot-forming steel composite steel part |
| CN113118629A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-16 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of poor-intensity laser tailor-welded blank |
| CN113118630A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-16 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of laser tailor-welded blank with different thicknesses |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115446501A (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-12-09 | 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 | Splicing method for steel plates with different thicknesses |
| CN115446501B (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2024-05-14 | 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 | Splicing method for steel plates with different thicknesses |
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Application publication date: 20220225 |