CN113104832A - 一种海水淡化过程鸟粪石提取的工艺流程 - Google Patents
一种海水淡化过程鸟粪石提取的工艺流程 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113104832A CN113104832A CN202110375347.4A CN202110375347A CN113104832A CN 113104832 A CN113104832 A CN 113104832A CN 202110375347 A CN202110375347 A CN 202110375347A CN 113104832 A CN113104832 A CN 113104832A
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- struvite
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- seawater desalination
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种海水淡化过程鸟粪石提取的工艺流程,属于海水淡化技术领域。包括以下步骤:合成聚丙烯酸‑乙二醇磷酸酯‑聚糠醇互穿网络;配制涂料;涂刷钢板;反应装置搭建;生产鸟粪石。本发明的有益效果在于:利用特殊官能团修饰的镀膜技术辅助处理浓海水,有效地替代EWT试剂的使用,简化工艺流程和减少药品的使用;保护反应釜金属内壁免遭电化学腐蚀,免去使用电磁化液络合剂避免了环境污染;显著地降低了膜前压力,易于推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于海水淡化技术领域,具体涉及一种在进行海水淡化的同时进行鸟粪石提取的工艺流程。
背景技术
近年来,全球淡水资源日益短缺,加之海水淡化技术的不断进步,向大海索取淡水,缓解日趋严重的世界性水危机,不仅已在全球科技界形成共识,也已成为各临海国家的政府主张与开发新水源的对策。海水淡化作为淡水资源的替代与增量技术,越来越受到重视和支持,成为未来解决全球水危机的可行性方案和重要途径。
尽管我国海水淡化技术在过去一段时间取得了较大成绩,但还存在部分关键部件和材料依赖于进口,核心技术亟待突破等问题。另外,在现行水价体系下,海水淡化成本相对较高与自来水价格相比缺乏竞争力,所以在保证产水水质的前提下,通过优化系统设计,最大程度降低投资和运行能耗成本,以及综合利用海水淡化浓盐水中的有效成分,分摊制水成本,达到综合提高海水淡化工程效益的目的,是未来推进海水淡化发展的重要方向。
以往处理海水淡化所得浓盐水的方式通常是直接排放,但直接排放会对环境产生潜在影响。为综合利用海水淡化浓盐水,一种方式就是利用浓盐水中的有效成分,为特定工业产品提供来源水。浓盐水中含有大量的Mg2+,以及一些微量元素,正是生产高品质鸟粪石所需的原料之一。磷酸镁铵,俗称鸟粪石,分子式为MgNH4PO4·6H2O,属无定型沉淀,仅仅微溶于水,它的养分比其它可溶肥的释放速率慢,可以作缓释肥。利用海水淡化浓盐水与磷酸铵溶液作为主原料,加入诱导剂、高能磁化液等生产的磷酸镁铵缓释肥,具有很高的市场前景及经济效益。这种工艺生产要求作为原料的盐水中应含有尽可能多的二价离子特别是Mg2+,同时保留海水中必要的微量元素。因此,将海水淡化中所得浓盐水应用于鸟粪石生产可以分摊海水淡化成本。
现有技术中提供了3种硫酸镁铵提取的介入方案包括:磷酸镁铵提取前端介入海水淡化工艺流程;磷酸镁铵提取中间介入海水淡化工艺流程;磷酸镁铵提取末端介入海水淡化工艺流程。其中前端介入的工艺流程中面临的最大的问题是浓海水抽入反应釜中极易造成反应釜损坏。同时传统的电磁化离子液中,加入的络合剂,具有一次性使用,不能回收,同时需要密封保存,避免阳光直射等缺点。
为满足鸟粪石生产和纯碱工业等工艺用水的要求,分摊海水淡化成本,同时降低海水淡化系统的运行能耗及用药成本,目前迫切需要对海水淡化工艺进行优化。
发明内容
本发明的目的是在浓海水综合利用生产鸟粪石工业,提供一种磷酸镁铵提取前端介入的优化工艺流程。
由于浓盐水电解质的存在,反应釜腔内和管道中极易发生电化学腐蚀。其反应方程式如下:
阳极:2Fe–4e-==2Fe2+
阴极:O2+2H2O+4e-==4OH-
本发明提供了一种可逆的络合金属离子的高分子材料,保护反应釜同时介入反应调控替代EWT反应溶剂:
一,聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胱胺-聚糠醇互穿网络的合成
A.糠醇树脂(PFA)合成:圆底烧瓶中加入100g糠醇,加入20ml去离子水,氮气氛围下加热搅拌,控制温度60℃,30分钟。之后,5ml浓硫酸稀释到30ml,逐步滴加到烧瓶中,控制温度在70~80℃。降温至室温,加入氨水调节pH至中性,产物离心后,真空干燥过夜。
B.聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胱胺(PAA-PACA)合成:圆底烧瓶中加入1g丙烯酸,加入100ml去离子水,氮气氛围下加热搅拌,控制温度75℃,30分钟。分别将20g丙烯酸和等当量的过硫酸铵滴入反应体系,持续1小时,滴完后恒温搅拌2小时,反应结束后,真空干燥过夜。将产物研碎,分散到甲苯溶液,取相对加入丙烯酸当量的20~30%胱胺加入到反应体系中,氮气保护,加热回流,6小时后,将固体粉末过滤,用二氯甲烷洗涤三次后,干燥;
C.分别称取质量比为1.5:1的PFA和PAA-PACA溶解于无水乙醇中加80℃下搅拌溶解回流,加入10%质量当量的N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺,恒温反应2小时,制得聚丙烯酸-乙二醇磷酸酯-聚糠醇互穿网络结构(PAA-PACA-PFA)。
二,涂料配比:
在分散缸中加入去离子水以及上述比例的表中原料,分散均匀后,上机研磨至粒度低于30μm。
三,用于鸟粪石反应装置包括:PAA-PACA-PFA填充柱、反应器、管道内壁、滤沙;网、搅拌桨均喷涂PAA-PACA-PFA;
鸟粪石反应器采用搅拌式反应器,反应器主要包括20-30m3浓缩罐2个,采用太阳能光伏电池组辅助蒸馏浓缩,提纯后的蒸馏水被用于工业蒸馏水,3m3反应釜3个,出料进料泵3台,计量泵4台,离心机1台,过水设备均被PAA-PACA-PFA喷涂镀膜。PAA-PACA-PFA填充柱为连接在反应器之前,与管道直径相同,长度5cm的PAA-PACA-PFA混合SiO2颗粒的填充柱。
四,生产鸟粪石步骤:将一定量的浓海水抽入反应釜,开启计量泵,搅拌5min后,开始用计量泵打入诱导剂(NaH2PO4),稀释剂(NH4HCO3)约1.5~2h打完,加氨水调pH值8左右,继续搅拌1h后,用出料泵将料液打入离心机,离心约1h出料,构晶离子比例n(Mg2+):n(NH4 +):n(PO4 3-)=1:1:1.03。
具体而言,本发明的效益如下:
1,利用高分子互穿网络结构,引入不可溶解的,可逆利用的特殊官能团修饰的镀膜技术辅助处理浓海水,有效地替代EWT试剂的使用,简化工艺流程和减少药品的使用;
2,将含有羟基(-OH),羧基(-COOH),巯基(-SH)等官能团的高分子键合在管道和反应釜内壁,保护反应釜金属内壁免遭电化学腐蚀,免去使用电磁化液络合剂避免了环境污染;
3,显著地降低了膜前压力,使得本方案易于推广。
附图说明
图1磷酸镁铵提取前端介入海水淡化工艺流程示意图;
图2磷酸镁铵生产中镀膜的可逆转化过程示意图;
图3填充柱示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述,以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案,而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例一
一种可逆的络合金属离子的高分子材料,聚丙烯酸-乙二醇磷酸酯-聚糠醇互穿网络的合成:
1)糠醇树脂(PFA)合成:圆底烧瓶中加入100g糠醇,加入20ml去离子水,氮气氛围下加热搅拌,控制温度60℃,30分钟。之后,5ml浓硫酸稀释到30ml,逐步滴加到烧瓶中,控制温度在70~80℃。降温至室温,加入氨水调节pH至中性,产物离心后,真空干燥过夜;
2)聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胱胺(PAA-PACA)合成:圆底烧瓶中加入1g丙烯酸,加入100ml去离子水,氮气氛围下加热搅拌,控制温度75℃,30分钟。分别将20g丙烯酸和等当量的过硫酸铵滴入反应体系,持续1小时,滴完后恒温搅拌2小时,反应结束后,真空干燥过夜。将产物研碎,分散到甲苯溶液,取相对加入丙烯酸当量的20~30%胱胺加入到反应体系中,氮气保护,加热回流,6小时后,将固体粉末过滤,用二氯甲烷洗涤三次后,干燥;
3)分别称取质量比为1.5:1的PFA和PAA-PACA溶解于无水乙醇中加80℃下搅拌溶解回流,加入10%质量当量的N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺,恒温反应2小时,制得聚丙烯酸-乙二醇磷酸酯-聚糠醇互穿网络结构(PAA-PACA-PFA)。
实施例二
其他部分与实施例一相同,采用实施例一的产物聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胱胺-聚糠醇互穿网络涂料配方和喷涂样品制备包括以下内容:
上述涂料组分为:水:12,PAA-PACA-PFA:40,消泡剂:1-3,分散剂1-3,钛白粉:10,增稠剂:0.2,成膜助剂:3,硫酸钡:10,水性环氧树脂:30,在分散缸中加入去离子水以及上述比例的表中原料,分散均匀后,上机研磨至粒度低于30μm;将冷轧钢板打磨脱脂后,将涂料喷涂到样品板上,速度为0.3ml/s,湿膜厚度为~75μm,50度烘箱,烘干。
实施例三
用于鸟粪石反应装置包括:PAA-PACA-PFA填充柱、反应器。管道内壁、滤沙网、搅拌桨均喷涂PAA-PACA-PFA;
鸟粪石反应器采用搅拌式反应器,反应器主要包括20-30m3浓缩罐2个,采用太阳能光伏电池组辅助蒸馏浓缩,提纯后的蒸馏水被用于工业蒸馏水,3m3反应釜3个,出料进料泵3台,计量泵4台,离心机1台,过水设备均被PAA-PACA-PFA喷涂镀膜。
PAA-PACA-PFA填充柱为连接在反应器之前,与管道直径相同,长度5cm的PAA-PACA-PFA混合SiO2颗粒的填充柱。
将浓海水用旋转蒸发仪,蒸发浓缩至原来体积的1/10后,取适量浓缩液,利用原子光谱法进行元素分析确定Mg2+的含量,将浓缩液加入内部涂有PAA-PACA-PFA涂料的金属容器。根据Mg2+等物质的量加入H3PO4后,加入氨水和1/10体积的EWT电子水,调节pH至7.5~8.5,至白色沉淀鸟粪石产生。将生成的鸟粪石粉末研磨后,进行X射线粉末衍射,射线剂量为40keV,衍射角测量范围为5~60°,根据衍射峰的半峰宽,确定生成的鸟粪石的结晶程度。可知,生成的鸟粪石结晶程度良好。
实施例四
其他部分与实施例一,二,三相同,采用实施例三的装置生产鸟粪石步骤:
将一定量的浓海水抽入反应釜,开启计量泵,搅拌5min后,开始用计量泵打入诱导剂(NaH2PO4),稀释剂(NH4HCO3)约1.5~2h打完,加氨水调pH值8左右,继续搅拌1h后,用出料泵将料液打入离心机,离心约1h出料,构晶离子比例n(Mg2+):n(NH4 +):n(PO4 3-)=1:1:1.03。
在反应中发生如下过程:
A.水预处理,通过PAA-PACA-PFA互穿网络结构涂膜辅助结晶,基本除去海水中二价以上的阳离子,并在此步形成沉淀物硫酸镁铵,钙镁脱除率95.85%,其中钙91.06%,镁97.25%;
B.海水淡化,在前端介入工艺后,回收率达到80%,膜前压力2.0MPa左右。
实施例五
本发明进一步分析了浓海水水质对钙镁等高价阳离子脱除率的影响;分析过饱和度、pH值等对磷酸镁铵的晶粒形态、生成速度、产量和纯度的影响:
A.过饱和度:反应的过饱和度在1~5时,磷酸盐的除去率和生成磷酸镁铵晶体能达到最好;
B.pH值:实验结果及理论分析得,pH值在8.0~10.0之间有大量的鸟粪石生成,纯度较高;
C.构晶离子比例:Mg2+,NH4 +,PO4 3-三者反应生成鸟粪石的化学计量比是1:1:1,NH4 +剩余质量浓度在30~80mg/L之间时,纯度最高。Mg2+PO4 3-物质的量比大于1时,鸟粪石形成迅速,磷的除去量,随着两者比增大而增大,但n(Mg2+)/n(PO4 3-)>1.05时,对磷的除去率并没有显著影响;
D.钙离子共沉淀:Ca2+浓度增加会缩小鸟粪石晶体的尺寸,抑制鸟粪石的生长,甚至代替鸟粪石,生成无定型磷酸钙;
E.反应时间:反应为动力学驱动的反应,延长时间并不会提高磷的除去率。但延长反应时间可以使鸟粪石晶体粒径增大。2~4mm的粒径利于工业加工生产和更好的发挥鸟粪石的缓释效果。
实施例六
将采用实施例一、二中生产的涂料样品板与对比钢板放置于装有10倍体积海水浓缩的浓海水的烧杯中,进行老化试验。30天后,结果涂有涂料的钢板无明显变化,具有更好的稳定性。
Claims (6)
1.一种海水淡化过程鸟粪石提取的工艺流程,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
一,合成聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胱胺-聚糠醇互穿网络;
二,配制涂料,涂刷钢板;
三,凝胶填充柱制备;
四,反应装置搭建;
五,生产鸟粪石。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种海水淡化过程鸟粪石提取的工艺流程,其特征在于:所述的合成聚丙烯酸-聚丙烯酰胱胺-聚糠醇互穿网络采用如下步骤:
A.糠醇树脂(PFA)合成:圆底烧瓶中加入100g糠醇,加入20ml去离子水,氮气氛围下加热搅拌,控制温度60℃,30分钟。之后,5ml浓硫酸稀释到30ml,逐步滴加到烧瓶中,控制温度在70~80℃。降温至室温,加入氨水调节pH至中性,产物离心后,真空干燥过夜;
B.聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胱胺(PAA-PACA)合成:圆底烧瓶中加入1g丙烯酸,加入100ml去离子水,氮气氛围下加热搅拌,控制温度75℃,30分钟,分别将20g丙烯酸和等当量的过硫酸铵滴入反应体系,持续1小时,滴完后恒温搅拌2小时,反应结束后,真空干燥过夜,将产物研碎,分散到甲苯溶液,取相对加入丙烯酸当量的20~30%胱胺加入到反应体系中,氮气保护,加热回流,6小时后,将固体粉末过滤,用二氯甲烷洗涤三次后,干燥;
C.分别称取质量比为1.5:1的PFA和PAA-PACA溶解于无水乙醇中加80℃下搅拌溶解回流,加入10%质量当量的N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺,恒温反应2小时,制得聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胱胺-聚糠醇互穿网络结构(PAA-PACA-PFA)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种海水淡化过程鸟粪石提取的工艺流程,其特征在于:所述的配制涂料包括如下内容:
涂料组分为:水:12份,PAA-PACA-PFA:40份,消泡剂:1-3份,分散剂1-3份,钛白粉:10份,增稠剂:0.2份,成膜助剂:3份,硫酸钡:10份,水性环氧树脂:30份,在分散缸中加入去离子水以及上述比例的表中原料,分散均匀后,上机研磨至粒度低于30μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种海水淡化过程鸟粪石提取的工艺流程,其特征在于:所述的涂刷钢板是将冷轧钢板打磨脱脂后,将涂料喷涂到样品板上,速度为0.3ml/s,湿膜厚度为~75μm,50度烘箱,烘干。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种海水淡化过程鸟粪石提取的工艺流程,其特征在于:用于鸟粪石反应装置包括:PAA-PACA-PFA填充柱、反应器、管道内壁、滤沙网、搅拌桨均喷涂PAA-PACA-PFA材料;
鸟粪石反应器采用搅拌式反应器,反应器主要包括20-30m3浓缩罐2个,采用太阳能光伏电池组辅助蒸馏浓缩,提纯后的蒸馏水被用于工业蒸馏水,3m3反应釜3个,出料进料泵3台,计量泵4台,离心机1台,过水设备均被PAA-PACA-PFA喷涂镀膜;
PAA-PACA-PFA填充柱连接在反应器之前,与管道直径相同,长度5cm的用PAA-PACA-PFA混合SiO2颗粒的填充柱。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种海水淡化过程鸟粪石提取的工艺流程,其特征在于:所述的生产鸟粪石步骤:将一定量的浓海水抽入反应釜,开启计量泵,搅拌5min后,开始用计量泵打入诱导剂(NaH2PO4),稀释剂(NH4HCO3)约1.5~2h打完,加氨水调pH值8左右,继续搅拌1h后,用出料泵将料液打入离心机,离心约1h出料,构晶离子比例n(Mg2+):n(NH4 +):n(PO4 3-)=1:1:1.03。
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