CN113100168A - 一种改善笼养淘汰蛋鸭肉质的方法 - Google Patents
一种改善笼养淘汰蛋鸭肉质的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种改善笼养淘汰蛋鸭肉质的方法,该方法包括:将笼养淘汰蛋鸭按照体重大小和体质强弱分群饲养在鸭舍内,按4~6只/m2的饲养密度分成独立饲养单元,每个饲养单元500~600只;将分群后的蛋鸭在鸭舍内适应性饲养7天,随后在鸭舍内限制饲喂7天;将限制饲喂后的蛋鸭过渡饲喂灵芝菌糠饲料7天,7天后自由采食;过渡饲喂后,每天白天将蛋鸭放入运动场和嬉水池自由活动,夜间驱赶至鸭舍内休息,放养周期不少于60天,于上市前15天限制蛋鸭运动,每天放养运动4~5小时。本发明方法可提高笼养淘汰蛋鸭免疫力,减少疾病发生率,改善笼养淘汰蛋鸭羽毛蓬松凌乱,外观难看,难以脱毛的情况,降低淘汰蛋鸭皮脂率,改善肉质和口感风味。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于家禽饲养技术领域,具体涉及一种改善笼养淘汰蛋鸭肉质的方法。
背景技术:
我国是蛋鸭饲养和消费大国,蛋鸭产业规模居世界前列。传统蛋鸭养殖以鱼鸭混养和地面散养等方式为主,随着人们对环境质量和畜禽产品质量要求的提高,依赖环境资源的传统蛋鸭饲养方式逐渐出现了管理不规范、粪污不达标、劳动强度大、生产水平和经济效益低等弊端,阻碍了蛋鸭产业健康发展,随着笼养蛋鸡养殖技术的成熟,笼养蛋鸭也应用而生。但是,蛋鸭在笼养条件下,由于长期无法嬉水洗浴,羽毛蓬松,外观难看,脱毛难,肉质差等弊端影响淘汰蛋鸭的售价。基于此,本发明提供一种改善笼养淘汰蛋鸭肉质的方法已解决上述问题。
发明内容:
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足,提供一种改善笼养淘汰蛋鸭肉质的方法,根据笼养蛋鸭淘汰的实际情况,从分群管理、适应饲养、限制饲喂、过渡饲喂、放养管理和环境管理等环节建立相互衔接的笼养淘汰蛋鸭饲养方法,提高淘汰蛋鸭免疫力,降低淘汰蛋鸭皮脂率,改善羽毛蓬松状态,减少鸭肉腥臊味,改善肉质和口感风味,提高笼养淘汰蛋鸭售价。
为实现上述技术目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:
一种改善笼养淘汰蛋鸭肉质的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、分群管理:将笼养淘汰蛋鸭按照体重大小和体质强弱分群饲养在鸭舍内,按4~6只/m2的饲养密度分成相对独立的饲养单元,每个饲养单元500~600只,剔除体质差的蛋鸭;
S2、适应饲养:将分群后的蛋鸭在鸭舍内适应性饲养7天;
S3、限制饲喂:将适应饲养后的蛋鸭在鸭舍内限制饲喂7天;
S4、过渡饲喂:将限制饲喂后的蛋鸭过渡饲喂灵芝菌糠饲料7天,7天后自由采食;
S5、放养管理:过渡饲喂后,自由采食,每天白天将蛋鸭放入运动场和嬉水池自由活动,夜间驱赶至鸭舍内休息,舍内夜间通宵弱光照明,放养周期不少于60天,于上市前15天限制蛋鸭运动,每天放养运动4~5小时。
进一步的,鸭舍周围保持安静,加强鸭舍内通风换气,及时清扫鸭舍内粪污,每周消毒1~2次,保持鸭舍内清洁干燥,将鸭舍内环境温度控制在18~23℃,相对湿度控制在45~65%。
进一步的,所述鸭舍为地面平养鸭舍,鸭舍外设置有舍外运动场和嬉水池。
进一步的,S2中,适应饲养期间,所饲喂的饲料、饲喂次数和饲喂量与笼养淘汰之前一致,让蛋鸭逐渐适应地面平养的环境。
进一步的,S3中,限制饲喂期间,第1~3天饲喂正常采食量(笼养淘汰之前采食量)的60~70%,第4~5天饲喂正常采食量的30~40%,第6~7天不喂饲料,期间所饲喂的饲料与笼养淘汰之前一致,饮水供应正常。
进一步的,S4中,过渡饲喂期间,第1~2天饲喂正常采食量的15~25%,第3~4天饲喂正常采食量的35~45%,第5~6天饲喂正常采食量的55~65%,第7天饲喂正常采食量的75~85%,饮水供应正常,期间所饲喂的饲料为灵芝菌糠饲料,灵芝菌糠饲料中添加300~500mg/kg的复合维生素。
进一步的,所述灵芝菌糠饲料按照质量百分比由以下组分构成:玉米35%,米糠18%,大豆粕10%,蚯蚓粉10%,酒糟5%,鱼粉6%,灵芝菌糠15%,预混料1%。
进一步的,所述复合维生素按照质量百分比由以下组分构成:维生素A 15~20%,维生素B 10~15%,维生素C 15~20%,维生素D 10~15%,维生素E 10~15%,其余为载体。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明通过采用限制饲养,可以提高淘汰蛋鸭体内蓄积的多余体脂和腹脂的代谢,提高淘汰蛋鸭免疫力,降低淘汰蛋鸭皮脂率,提高瘦肉率;
(2)本发明通过蛋鸭在运动场和嬉水池内自由活动和嬉水梳毛,可以增加蛋鸭运动量,提高基础代谢率,提高机体免疫力,促进尾脂腺分泌,改善羽毛蓬松情况;
(3)本发明通过饲喂灵芝菌糠饲料,可以降低鸭肉失水率,提高鸭肉谷氨酸和蛋氨酸含量,减少鸭肉腥臊味,提升肉质和口感风味;
(4)本发明通过上市前15天限制蛋鸭运动,可以保证蛋鸭在上市之前机体沉积足够的营养物质,提高鸭肉品质和口感风味。
具体实施方式:
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合实施例,对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。实施例中未注明的实施条件通常为常规实验中的条件。
实施例1
本发明实施例提供一种改善笼养淘汰蛋鸭肉质的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)分群管理:将笼养淘汰蛋鸭按照体重大小和体质强弱分群,饲养于地面平养鸭舍内,按4只/m2的饲养密度分成相对独立的饲养单元,每个饲养单元500只,剔除体质差的蛋鸭;
(2)适应饲养:将分群后的蛋鸭在鸭舍内适应性饲养7天,适应饲养期间,所饲喂的饲料、饲喂次数和饲喂量与笼养淘汰之前一致,让蛋鸭逐渐适应地面平养的环境;
(3)限制饲喂:将适应饲养后的蛋鸭在鸭舍内限制饲喂7天,限制饲喂期间,第1~3天饲喂正常采食量(笼养淘汰之前采食量)的60~70%,第4~5天饲喂正常采食量的30~40%,第6~7天不喂饲料,期间所饲喂的饲料与笼养淘汰之前一致,饮水供应正常;
(4)过渡饲喂:将限制饲喂后的蛋鸭过渡饲喂灵芝菌糠饲料7天,7天后自由采食;过渡饲喂期间,第1~2天饲喂正常采食量的15~25%,第3~4天饲喂正常采食量的35~45%,第5~6天饲喂正常采食量的55~65%,第7天饲喂正常采食量的75~85%,饮水供应正常,期间所饲喂的饲料为灵芝菌糠饲料,灵芝菌糠饲料中添加300~500mg/kg的复合维生素;其中,灵芝菌糠饲料按照质量百分比由以下组分构成:玉米35%,米糠18%,大豆粕10%,蚯蚓粉10%,酒糟5%,鱼粉6%,灵芝菌糠15%,预混料1%;复合维生素按照质量百分比由以下组分构成:维生素A 15~20%,维生素B 10~15%,维生素C 15~20%,维生素D10~15%,维生素E 10~15%,其余为载体;
(5)放养管理:过渡饲喂后,自由采食,每天白天将蛋鸭放入运动场和嬉水池自由活动,夜间驱赶至鸭舍内休息,舍内夜间通宵弱光照明,放养周期80天,于上市前15天限制蛋鸭运动,每天放养运动4小时;
(6)环境管理:保持鸭舍周围安静,加强鸭舍内通风换气,及时清扫鸭舍内粪污,每周消毒1次,保持舍内清洁干燥,将舍内环境温度控制在18~23℃,相对湿度控制在45~65%。
实施例2:
本发明实施例提供一种改善笼养淘汰蛋鸭肉质的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)分群管理:将笼养淘汰蛋鸭按照体重大小和体质强弱分群,饲养于地面平养鸭舍内,按6只/m2的饲养密度分成相对独立的饲养单元,每个饲养单元600只,剔除体质差的蛋鸭;
(2)适应饲养:将分群后的蛋鸭在鸭舍内适应性饲养7天,适应饲养期间,所饲喂的饲料、饲喂次数和饲喂量与笼养淘汰之前一致,让蛋鸭逐渐适应地面平养的环境;
(3)限制饲喂:将适应饲养后的蛋鸭在鸭舍内限制饲喂7天,限制饲喂期间,第1~3天饲喂正常采食量(笼养淘汰之前采食量)的60~70%,第4~5天饲喂正常采食量的30~40%,第6~7天不喂饲料,期间所饲喂的饲料与笼养淘汰之前一致,饮水供应正常;
(4)过渡饲喂:将限制饲喂后的蛋鸭过渡饲喂灵芝菌糠饲料7天,7天后自由采食;过渡饲喂期间,第1~2天饲喂正常采食量的15~25%,第3~4天饲喂正常采食量的35~45%,第5~6天饲喂正常采食量的55~65%,第7天饲喂正常采食量的75~85%,饮水供应正常,期间所饲喂的饲料为灵芝菌糠饲料,灵芝菌糠饲料中添加300~500mg/kg的复合维生素;其中,灵芝菌糠饲料按照质量百分比由以下组分构成:玉米35%,米糠18%,大豆粕10%,蚯蚓粉10%,酒糟5%,鱼粉6%,灵芝菌糠15%,预混料1%;复合维生素按照质量百分比由以下组分构成:维生素A 15~20%,维生素B 10~15%,维生素C 15~20%,维生素D10~15%,维生素E 10~15%,其余为载体;
(5)放养管理:过渡饲喂后,自由采食,每天白天将蛋鸭放入运动场和嬉水池自由活动,夜间驱赶至鸭舍内休息,舍内夜间通宵弱光照明,放养周期70天,于上市前15天限制蛋鸭运动,每天放养运动5小时。
(6)环境管理:保持鸭舍周围安静,加强鸭舍内通风换气,及时清扫鸭舍内粪污,每周消毒1次,保持舍内清洁干燥,将舍内环境温度控制在18~23℃,相对湿度控制在45~65%。
对比试验:
选取3000只笼养淘汰鸭,随机分为3组,分别用实施例1、实施例2的饲养方法和常规饲养方法(对比例1)进行对比试验,将饲养结束后的淘汰蛋鸭进行对比,结果如表1所示。
表1
由表1可知,本发明所提供的一种改善笼养淘汰蛋鸭肉质的方法,根据笼养蛋鸭淘汰的实际情况,通过分群管理、适应饲养、限制饲喂、过渡饲喂、放养管理和环境管理,使笼养淘汰蛋鸭的羽毛外观、屠体外观和口感风味得到明显改善和提高,是一种具有推广价值的技术措施。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式,本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例,凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰,应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种改善笼养淘汰蛋鸭肉质的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、分群管理:将笼养淘汰蛋鸭按照体重大小和体质强弱分群饲养在鸭舍内,按4~6只/m2的饲养密度分成相对独立的饲养单元,每个饲养单元500~600只,剔除体质差的蛋鸭;
S2、适应饲养:将分群后的蛋鸭在鸭舍内适应性饲养7天;
S3、限制饲喂:将适应饲养后的蛋鸭在鸭舍内限制饲喂7天;
S4、过渡饲喂:将限制饲喂后的蛋鸭过渡饲喂灵芝菌糠饲料7天,7天后自由采食;
S5、放养管理:过渡饲喂后,每天白天将蛋鸭放入运动场和嬉水池自由活动,夜间驱赶至鸭舍内休息,舍内夜间通宵弱光照明,放养周期不少于60天,于上市前15天限制蛋鸭运动,每天放养运动4~5小时。
2.根据权利要求1所述的改善笼养淘汰蛋鸭肉质的方法,其特征在于,鸭舍周围保持安静,加强鸭舍内通风换气,及时清扫鸭舍内粪污,每周消毒1~2次,保持鸭舍内清洁干燥,将鸭舍内环境温度控制在18~23℃,相对湿度控制在45~65%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的改善笼养淘汰蛋鸭肉质的方法,其特征在于,所述鸭舍为地面平养鸭舍,鸭舍外设置有舍外运动场和嬉水池。
4.根据权利要求1所述的改善笼养淘汰蛋鸭肉质的方法,其特征在于,S2中,适应饲养期间,所饲喂的饲料、饲喂次数和饲喂量与笼养淘汰之前一致,让蛋鸭逐渐适应地面平养的环境。
5.根据权利要求1所述的改善笼养淘汰蛋鸭肉质的方法,其特征在于,S3中,限制饲喂期间,第1~3天饲喂正常采食量的60~70%,第4~5天饲喂正常采食量的30~40%,第6~7天不喂饲料,期间所饲喂的饲料与笼养淘汰之前一致,饮水供应正常。
6.根据权利要求1所述的改善笼养淘汰蛋鸭肉质的方法,其特征在于,S4中,过渡饲喂期间,第1~2天饲喂正常采食量的15~25%,第3~4天饲喂正常采食量的35~45%,第5~6天饲喂正常采食量的55~65%,第7天饲喂正常采食量的75~85%,饮水供应正常,期间饲喂的饲料为灵芝菌糠饲料,灵芝菌糠饲料中添加300~500mg/kg的复合维生素。
7.根据权利要求6所述的改善笼养淘汰蛋鸭肉质的方法,其特征在于,所述灵芝菌糠饲料按照质量百分比由以下组分构成:玉米35%,米糠18%,大豆粕10%,蚯蚓粉10%,酒糟5%,鱼粉6%,灵芝菌糠15%,预混料1%。
8.根据权利要求6所述的改善笼养淘汰蛋鸭肉质的方法,其特征在于,所述复合维生素按照质量百分比由以下组分构成:维生素A 15~20%,维生素B 10~15%,维生素C 15~20%,维生素D 10~15%,维生素E 10~15%,其余为载体。
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