CN113088232B - 一种缓粘结剂及缓粘结预应力钢棒 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及建筑材料技术领域,提出了一种缓粘结剂,包括环氧树脂80~100份、固化剂10~20份、触变剂2~5份、填料40~60份、双(2,3‑环氧基丙基)丙二酸酯1~2份、缩水甘油醚5~10份。通过上述技术方案,解决了现有技术中的缓粘结剂韧性差的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料技术领域,具体的,涉及一种缓粘结剂及缓粘结预应力钢棒。
背景技术
随着材料和机械工业的发展,使得金属预应力材料技术、锚固体系及施工工艺水平得到不断提高,并广泛应用于混凝土桥梁建设,推动了土木工程的快速发展。缓粘结剂预应力是在施工阶段预应力钢绞线伸缩变形自由、不与周围缓凝粘合剂产生粘结,而在施工完成后的预定时期内预应力筋通过固化的缓凝粘合剂与周围混凝土产生粘结作用。
而缓粘结剂是缓粘结剂预应力钢棒核心,缓粘结剂的主体树脂是环氧树脂,环氧树脂是一种性能优良的建筑结构胶常用树脂,但是由于环氧树脂的特性,存在一定的缺陷。在钢棒的制备过程中,护套需要高温熔融挤出,环氧树脂高温敏感,黏度变小,使得缓粘结剂的性能发生变化,影响固化效果和预应力钢棒的性能。另外,环氧树脂在固化后刚性强,韧性较差,钢棒受到大的弯曲应力时易发生裂纹。
发明内容
本发明提出一种缓粘结剂及缓粘结预应力钢棒,解决了现有技术中的缓粘结剂韧性差的问题。
本发明的技术方案如下:
本发明提出一种缓粘结剂,包括环氧树脂80~100份、固化剂10~20份、触变剂2~5份、填料40~60份、双(2,3-环氧基丙基)丙二酸酯1~2份、缩水甘油醚5~10份。
作为进一步的技术方案,所述触变剂为月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚改性气相法二氧化硅。
作为进一步的技术方案,所述填料为三乙酰氧基乙烯基硅烷改性填料。
作为进一步的技术方案,所述填料包括碳酸钙、水泥、石英粉中的一种或几种,粒径为30~80μm。
作为进一步的技术方案,所述环氧树脂为双酚A型环氧树脂,环氧当量在195~215克/当量之间。
作为进一步的技术方案,所述固化剂为低分子量聚醚胺固化剂,胺值180~420mgKOH/g。
本发明还提出一种缓粘结预应力钢棒,包括依次设置的护套、所述的缓粘结剂、预应力钢棒。
作为进一步的技术方案,所述护套包括以下原料:高密度聚乙烯90~100份、二氧化硅1~2份、烷烃油0.3~0.6份、PE黑色母粒0.8~1.2份、抗氧剂0.1~0.3份、聚二甲基硅氧烷0.1~0.3份、抗紫外线吸收剂0.05~0.1份。
本发明提出一种缓粘结预应力钢棒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、按照权利要求1~8任意一项所述的组分备料;
S2、将环氧树脂、固化剂混合搅拌均匀;
S3、加入双(2,3-环氧基丙基)丙二酸酯、缩水甘油醚搅拌均匀;
S4、加入触变剂、填料搅拌均匀;
S5、将S5所得混合物进行真空脱泡,得缓粘结剂;
S6、将缓粘结剂涂覆于预应力钢棒表面;
S7、将护套原料熔融挤出包裹在S6所得预应力钢棒表面,冷却压纹后再次冷却即得缓粘结预应力钢棒。
本发明的有益效果为:
1、本发明采用双酚A型环氧树脂作为主体树脂,属于具有高黏接强度的环氧树脂,与聚酰胺固化形成三向网状结构大分子,黏度较强,另一方面,双酚A型环氧树脂固化主要是环氧基的开环加成聚合,不产生小分子物质,仲羟基的存在使得开环加成聚合物残有羟基,羟基的氢键缔合作用使得分子排列紧密,固化后性能较好。
2、本发明固化剂选择低分子量聚酰胺,其挥发性小,几乎无毒,对皮肤刺激性很小。常温固化,与主体树脂相容性好,使得聚酰胺作为环氧乳液固化剂,显示出优良的乳化分散及成膜能力。
3、本发明添加气相法二氧化硅作为触变剂,含有较多氢键,能够在体系中形成三维的网状结构,调节环氧树脂的黏度,能使树脂胶液在静止时有较高的稠度,在外力作用下又变成低稠度流体的物质。本发明中的气相法二氧化硅经过月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚改性,没有影响气相法二氧化硅的氢键和触变性能,反而进一步增大了与树脂的相容性,避免了缓粘结剂的粘性降低。另外,月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚的加入,引入长链基团,提高了韧性,增大弯曲强度。
4、本发明中,添加有缩水甘油醚,调节体系粘度,分子中含有环氧基,能与固化剂发生反应而无气体逸出,对固化后胶层的性能无影响。添加双(2,3-环氧基丙基)丙二酸酯参与固化反应同时还能起增韧作用,使得体系中无需再添加增韧剂同样也具有较高的弯曲强度。
5、本发明采用三乙酰氧基乙烯基硅烷改性填料,改善无机填料与有机基体的界面作用,在填料与树脂基体之间形成一个界面层,界面层能传递应力,从而增强了填料与树脂之间粘合强度,提高了复合材料的性能,改善界面状态,避免了预应力钢棒在使用过程中出现裂纹,提高安全性。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都涉及本发明保护的范围。
采用喷雾法制备三乙酰氧基乙烯基硅烷改性碳酸钙:三乙酰氧基乙烯基硅烷先配制成20%的醇溶液(丙三醇),将碳酸钙置入高速混合器内,在搅拌下泵入呈细雾状的上述醇溶液,三乙酰氧基乙烯基硅烷的用量为碳酸钙质量的1.5%,处理20min后干燥,备用。
制备触变剂:将气相法二氧化硅和月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚加入极性有机溶剂的反应釜内,60℃升温反应6h,过滤真空干燥,得到改性气相法二氧化硅,月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚为气相法二氧化硅质量的8%,备用。
实施例1
S1、缓粘结剂备料:双酚A型环氧树脂100份、低分子量聚醚胺20份、触变剂5份、改性碳酸钙60份、双(2,3-环氧基丙基)丙二酸酯2份、缩水甘油醚10份;
护套备料:低密度聚乙烯100份、二氧化硅2份、烷烃油0.6份、PE黑色母粒1.2份、抗氧剂0.3份、聚二甲基硅氧烷0.3份、抗紫外线吸收剂0.1份;
S2、将双酚A型环氧树脂、低分子量聚醚胺混合搅拌均匀;
S3、加入双(2,3-环氧基丙基)丙二酸酯、缩水甘油醚搅拌均匀;
S4、加入触变剂、填料搅拌均匀;
S5、将S5所得混合物进行真空脱泡,得缓粘结剂;
S6、将缓粘结剂涂覆于预应力钢棒表面;
S7、将护套原料熔融挤出包裹在S6所得预应力钢棒表面,冷却压纹后再次冷却即得缓粘结预应力钢棒。
实施例2
缓粘结剂备料:双酚A型环氧树脂80份、低分子量聚醚胺10份、触变剂2份、改性碳酸钙40份、双(2,3-环氧基丙基)丙二酸酯1份、缩水甘油醚5份;
护套备料:低密度聚乙烯90份、二氧化硅1份、烷烃油0.3份、PE黑色母粒0.8份、抗氧剂0.1份、聚二甲基硅氧烷0.1份、抗紫外线吸收剂0.05份;
制备方法与实施例1相同,故省略。
实施例3
缓粘结剂备料:双酚A型环氧树脂90份、低分子量聚醚胺15份、触变剂3份、改性碳酸钙50份、双(2,3-环氧基丙基)丙二酸酯1.5份、缩水甘油醚8份;
护套备料:低密度聚乙烯95份、二氧化硅1.5份、烷烃油0.5份、PE黑色母粒1份、抗氧剂0.2份、聚二甲基硅氧烷0.2份、抗紫外线吸收剂0.08份;
制备方法与实施例1相同,故省略。
实施例4
缓粘结剂备料:双酚A型环氧树脂95份、低分子量聚醚胺13份、触变剂4份、改性碳酸钙55份、双(2,3-环氧基丙基)丙二酸酯1.8份、缩水甘油醚7份;
护套备料:低密度聚乙烯93份、二氧化硅1.5份、烷烃油0.4份、PE黑色母粒1.2份、抗氧剂0.1份、聚二甲基硅氧烷0.3份、抗紫外线吸收剂0.07份;
制备方法与实施例1相同,故省略。
实施例5
缓粘结剂备料:双酚A型环氧树脂95份、低分子量聚醚胺13份、触变剂4份、改性碳酸钙55份、双(2,3-环氧基丙基)丙二酸酯1.8份、缩水甘油醚7份;所述填料与实施例1~4不同的,制备方法为:三乙酰氧基乙烯基硅烷、二甲基甲硅烷醇透明质酸酯混合配制成20%的醇溶液(丙三醇),将碳酸钙置入高速混合器内,在搅拌下泵入呈细雾状的上述醇溶液,三乙酰氧基乙烯基硅烷的用量为碳酸钙质量的1%,二甲基甲硅烷醇透明质酸酯的用量为碳酸钙质量的0.5%,处理20min后干燥,备用。
护套备料:低密度聚乙烯93份、二氧化硅1.5份、烷烃油0.4份、PE黑色母粒1.2份、抗氧剂0.1份、聚二甲基硅氧烷0.3份、抗紫外线吸收剂0.07份;
制备方法与实施例1相同,故省略。
对比例1
与实施例4的原料不同的是不加入双(2,3-环氧基丙基)丙二酸酯,其他原料及制备方法与实施例4相同。
对比例2
与实施例4的原料不同的是碳酸钙和气相法二氧化硅均不改性,其他原料及制备方法与实施例4相同。
对比例3
与实施例4的原料不同的是碳酸钙料不改性,其他原料及制备方法与实施例4相同。
对比例4
与实施例4的原料不同的是气相法二氧化硅不改性,其他原料及制备方法与实施例4相同。
本发明的实施例和对比例均是发明人在实验探究过程中的实施方案,在此做出区分是为了对比出较优的实施方案。
将实验过程中的缓粘结剂取出用于测试,参照标准JG/T 370-2012《缓粘结预应力钢绞线专用粘合剂》进行测试,结果如表2所示。
表2实施例和对比例缓粘结剂的性能测试结果
从测试结果可以看出,对比例1没有添加双(2,3-环氧基丙基)丙二酸酯,得到的缓粘结剂与实施例4相比固化后力学性能较差,这主要是由于在实施例4中,双(2,3-环氧基丙基)丙二酸酯与缩水甘油醚都能够参与固化反应,引入较多活性基团,增大韧性,提高弯曲强度,双(2,3-环氧基丙基)丙二酸酯的加入改善缓粘结剂的耐高温高湿性能和耐高低温交变性能。
对比例2中气相法二氧化硅、填料都没有进行改性填料,得到的缓粘结剂与实施例4相比固化后力学性能、耐老化性都较差,主要是由于填料、二氧化硅和树脂的相容性较差。
进一步的,对比例3中填料没有三乙酰氧基乙烯基硅烷,力学性能、耐久性能较差,粘性增大。三乙酰氧基乙烯基硅烷改善无机填料与有机基体的界面作用,在填料与树脂基体之间形成一个界面层,界面层能传递应力,从而增强了填料与树脂之间粘合强度,提高了复合材料的性能,改善界面状态,避免了预应力钢棒在使用过程中出现裂纹,提高安全性
对比例4中填料没有月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚改性气相法二氧化硅,一方面可以提高二氧化硅与树脂的相容性,避免缓粘结剂的粘性降低,另一方面月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚还在系统中引入长链基团,能够改善固化后的力学性能,提高耐久性。
实施例5中二甲基甲硅烷醇透明质酸酯、三乙酰氧基乙烯基硅烷改性填料,相比于仅仅采用三乙酰氧基乙烯基硅烷改性,一方面改善了填料与树脂的界面状态,另一方面,二甲基甲硅烷醇透明质酸酯还引入了大分子基团,提高了缓粘结剂的力学性能。
以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种缓粘结剂,其特征在于,包括环氧树脂80~100份、固化剂10~20份、触变剂2~5份、填料40~60份、双(2,3-环氧基丙基)丙二酸酯1~2份、缩水甘油醚5~10份;
所述填料的制备方法为:三乙酰氧基乙烯基硅烷、二甲基甲硅烷醇透明质酸酯混合配制成20%的丙三醇溶液,将碳酸钙置入高速混合器内,在搅拌下泵入呈细雾状的丙三醇溶液,三乙酰氧基乙烯基硅烷的用量为碳酸钙质量的1%,二甲基甲硅烷醇透明质酸酯的用量为碳酸钙质量的0.5%,处理20min后干燥;
所述触变剂为月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚改性气相法二氧化硅;
所述碳酸钙的粒径为30~80μm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的缓粘结剂,其特征在于,所述环氧树脂为双酚A型环氧树脂,环氧当量在195~215克/当量之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的缓粘结剂,其特征在于,所述固化剂为低分子量聚醚胺固化剂,胺值180~420mgKOH/g。
4.一种缓粘结预应力钢棒,其特征在于,包括依次设置的护套、权利要求1~3任意一项所述的缓粘结剂、预应力钢棒。
5.根据权利要求4所述的缓粘结预应力钢棒,其特征在于,所述护套包括以下质量份原料:高密度聚乙烯90~100份、二氧化硅1~2份、烷烃油0.3~0.6份、PE黑色母粒0.8~1.2份、抗氧剂0.1~0.3份、聚二甲基硅氧烷0.1~0.3份、抗紫外线吸收剂0.05~0.1份。
6.一种缓粘结预应力钢棒的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、按照权利要求5所述的缓粘结预应力钢棒以及护套的组分备料;
S2、将环氧树脂、固化剂混合搅拌均匀;
S3、加入双(2,3-环氧基丙基)丙二酸酯、缩水甘油醚搅拌均匀;
S4、加入触变剂、填料搅拌均匀;
S5、将S4所得混合物进行真空脱泡,得缓粘结剂;
S6、将缓粘结剂涂覆于预应力钢棒表面;
S7、将护套原料熔融挤出包裹在S6所得预应力钢棒表面,冷却压纹后再次冷却即得缓粘结预应力钢棒。
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