CN113079969A - Method for increasing survival rate of planted bamboo shoot seedlings under forest - Google Patents
Method for increasing survival rate of planted bamboo shoot seedlings under forest Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the survival rate of separated seedlings of bamboo shoots planted under forests, which comprises the following steps: s1: selecting a low-hill ecological public welfare forest; s2: preparing soil and ditching in an open place under a forest; selecting annual bamboo shoot mother bamboo seedlings with the ground diameter of 4-6cm, cutting off tips of the mother bamboo, reserving 8-10 sections and less than 5m, facilitating elimination of apical dominance, promoting robust growth of lateral branches, and reserving 1-2 branches on each section; punching a hole in the middle of a bamboo joint, filling nutrient solution into the hole, blocking the hole with clay, horizontally placing a bamboo in a ditch, keeping an orifice upward, enabling branches and bud eyes to face to two horizontal sides, burying soil with the thickness of 3-8 cm, slightly compacting, covering grass and spraying water; and digging out the bamboo stalks and cutting the bamboo stalks into individual bamboo seedlings after 6-12 months. The method fully utilizes the space under public welfare forests to plant the common water chestnut shoots, creatively adopts a mode of pouring nutrient solution into bamboo joints for planting, and can effectively improve the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the common water chestnut shoots.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of under-forest economic planting, and particularly relates to a method for improving the survival rate of planted water chestnut bamboo shoot seedlings under forests.
Background
Water chestnut bamboo shoots (also known as Bambusa oldhami), green bamboo shoots, Lupu bamboo shoots and green bamboo shoots belonging to a sympodial bamboo species of the genus Dianthus of the family Bambusoideae of the family Gramineae, a sympodial bamboo used for bamboo shoots, is a superior dual-purpose bamboo species of bamboo shoots and bamboo materials in southern China, and is called "water chestnut bamboo shoots" because the shape of the bamboo shoots is similar to a water chestnut. It has refreshing taste and rich nutrition, and has health promotion effects of refreshing, removing toxic substance, caring skin and promoting health. Different from the scattered bamboo shoots such as moso bamboo shoots and phyllostachys praecox shoots which come out in winter and spring, the time of the moso bamboo shoots appearing on the market is 6-10 months per year, the blank of the supply of the fresh bamboo shoots in summer and autumn is just filled, and the moso bamboo shoots are fresh, cool and delicious vegetables which are rare in summer season. The water chestnut bamboo shoot is a rare product in bamboo shoots, and has the advantages of thin shell, thick flesh, stout and white, crisp and tender texture, fresh and sweet taste, rich nutrition and cool nature. According to research reports, the contents of organic matters such as crude fiber, soluble sugar, protein and the like, a plurality of vitamins, phosphorus, iron, calcium, ascorbic acid and the like are higher than those of other bamboo shoots, the bamboo shoots are rich in 18 amino acids necessary for human bodies, and the bamboo shoots have the effects of improving eyesight, inducing resuscitation, cooling blood, removing toxicity, reducing blood pressure and blood fat, removing food retention, preventing constipation, promoting urination, reducing weight, nourishing yin, maintaining beauty, preventing aging, clearing summer heat and relieving fever, and are ideal health-care products and pure natural green food. The water chestnut bamboo shoots are delicious in taste and high in nutritional value, so that the market price and the demand of the water chestnut bamboo shoots are continuously improved.
The yield of the water chestnut bamboo shoots is as long as 6 months, the water chestnut bamboo shoots are high-yield bamboo species in the fasciculate bamboos, the yield of each fasciculate bamboo forest is 25-30 kg between 60-80 fasciculate bamboo forests per mu, the yield of each fasciculate bamboo forest can reach 1000-1500 kg, the yield per mu can reach more than 2500-3750 yuan, and other bamboo shoots can be detected with dust. The Chinese water chestnut bamboo shoots are mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan and Shuangguang, wherein the water chestnut bamboo shoots are produced in Zhejiang and Minnan areas, and the total area is 30-40 ten thousand mu. Through the exploration and practice of the last decade, the excellent conditions for developing the dual-purpose bamboo made of the bamboo shoot in the southern province and the tropical periphytic bamboo shoot in the low-hill forest are proved, for example, the bamboo shoot taking time (5-11 months) of a private small enterprise planting the bamboo shoot in the Wuming county is as long as 7 months, the bamboo shoot growing period is almost one month longer than that of the village, Fujian and ancient field of the bamboo shoot, the yield per mu is as high as 1500kg, the quality is better, but the planting area of the bamboo shoot in Guangxi is still lower due to the factors of economic cost and survival rate.
At present, the planting of the common rabdosia shoots is mainly carried out by a 'Chinese character pin' planting method, the planting density is high, the fertilization is not scientific, and the growth and the yield of the common rabdosia shoots are influenced. A planting method for interplanting common clubmoss herb and common clubmoss herb in banana lands is disclosed (publication number is CN 106717836A). The common clubmoss herb and common clubmoss herb are interplanted in the banana lands, annual strong common clubmoss herb and common clubmoss herb with no plant diseases and insect pests, full stem base bud eyes and ungerminated meshes are selected, bamboo seedlings are transplanted with soil in 3 months in cloudy days or after rain, bamboo roots are placed in planting holes, the bamboo stems are buried with soil at 40-50 degrees and pressed, the thickness of the soil covering exceeds that of the soil penetrating positions of the common clubmoss herb by 4-6cm, and the plants are covered with grass and kept wet. During planting, the banana does not influence the growth of the water chestnut shoots, and when the water chestnut shoots grow in the early stage of bamboo seedling, the banana trees can shade the water and moisturize the banana trees, so that the growth of the bamboo seedlings is promoted; the grown bamboo of the bamboo shoots can also be made into bamboo poles to support banana trees, and the growth of the banana trees can not be influenced by cutting branches and leaves after the bamboo seedlings grow into the bamboo. However, the method has the advantages of high cost of the mother bamboo seedlings of the common water chestnut bamboo shoots, low afforestation survival rate, lower total yield and uneven quality.
How to create a scientific planting and management method to improve the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the water chestnut bamboo shoots, thereby improving the total yield and the quality is an urgent need of current vegetable farmers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the bamboo shoots planted in forests, which fully utilizes the space in public welfare forests to plant the bamboo shoots, innovatively adopts a mode of pouring nutrient solution into bamboo joints for planting, can effectively improve the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the bamboo shoots, improves the growth speed and the unit yield, shortens the growth period, improves the quality and has obvious economic benefit.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the bamboo shoots planted in the forest comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a low-hill ecological public welfare forest;
s2: preparing soil and ditching in an open place under a forest; selecting annual, robust and non-pest-disease-damage parent bamboo seedlings of the water chestnut bamboo shoots with roots, plump hidden buds and non-germinated bamboo meshes, cutting off tips of the parent bamboo shoots with the ground diameter of 4-6cm, reserving 8-10 knots or less than 5m, facilitating elimination of top advantages, promoting robust growth of lateral branches, and reserving 1-2 branches on each knot; punching a hole in the middle of a bamboo joint, filling nutrient solution into the hole, blocking the hole with clay, horizontally placing a bamboo in a ditch, keeping an orifice upward, enabling branches and bud eyes to face to two horizontal sides, burying soil with the thickness of 3-8 cm, slightly compacting, covering grass and spraying water; sprouting and sprouting on bamboo joints 25-35 days later; after 6-12 months, digging out the bamboo stalks and cutting the bamboo stalks into individual bamboo seedlings.
Further, in step S2, the depth of the groove is 20-30 cm, the width is 20-30 cm, and the length is 5-6 m.
Further, the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-200 parts of under-forest residues, 50-100 parts of bean pulp, 5-10 parts of egg shells, 10-20 parts of peel residues, 2-10 parts of molasses, 3-7 parts of compound microbial inoculant, 2000-3000 parts of biogas slurry, 0.1-0.5 part of trace elements, 0.1-2 parts of compound amino acid rare earth element chelate, 0.1-1 part of methylselenobutylamine, 5-10 parts of rooting powder and 10-20 parts of chitosan.
Further, the rooting powder is quick-acting rooting powder of Henan Shenrun biotechnology science and technology limited company, and comprises indoleacetic acid and sodium naphthylacetate.
Further, the trace elements comprise iron, silicon, zinc, copper, iodine, bromine and manganese.
Furthermore, the compound amino acid rare earth element chelate takes compound amino acid and humic acid as chelating agents to chelate rare earth elements, and the proportion of the compound amino acid, the humic acid and the rare earth elements is 1: 0.1-2: 0.1-1.5.
Further, the peel dregs comprise one or more of litchi peel, citrus peel, banana peel, dragon fruit peel and shaddock peel.
Further, the compound microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of trichoderma asperellum, 1-5 parts of bacillus, 1-5 parts of actinomycetes, 1-5 parts of saccharomycetes, 3-8 parts of rhizobia, 3-8 parts of azotobacter chroococcum, 3-8 parts of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and 3-8 parts of potassium solubilizing bacteria.
Further, the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps:
a: respectively pulverizing the understory residues, soybean meal, eggshells and peel residues, adding water, and stirring into paste;
b: adding biogas slurry into a container, adding molasses into the container, uniformly stirring, adding the compound microbial agent into the container, and uniformly stirring;
c: b, adding the pasty material obtained in the step A into a container, and uniformly stirring; covering and tightly binding the container opening with 2-3 layers of cleaning cloth or sacks; fermenting until the bubbles and odor disappear;
d: filtering, adding microelement, compound amino acid rare earth element chelate, methyl selenium and n-butyric acid, rooting powder and chitosan into the filtrate, and mixing uniformly to obtain the product.
Further, in the fermentation process of step C, when the temperature is increased to 60 ℃, the mixture is stirred once in the morning and at the evening every day, when the temperature is reduced to below 50 ℃, the mixture is stirred for 1 time in 3 days, and when the temperature is reduced to below 40 ℃, the mixture is not stirred any more.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts under-forest planting, can improve the crop quality, can greatly reduce the wind speed, adjust the air temperature and well control the illumination intensity and time by reasonably utilizing the shielding and protecting functions of the forest; the forest contains rich forest active elements such as terpene substances and the like, can powerfully kill bacteria, greatly reduce the occurrence of diseases and reduce the dosage of pesticides; and the trees can accumulate a plurality of negative oxygen ions, which is very beneficial to the robust growth of crops. The method for planting the common rabdosia rhizome shoots by pouring the nutrient solution into the bamboo joints for the first time can effectively improve the growth speed, the unit yield and the quality of crops, shorten the growth period, improve the survival rate of the individual seedlings of the common rabdosia rhizome shoots and have obvious economic benefit.
2. The method adopts the under-forest residues as the main raw materials to prepare the nutrient solution by fermentation, and achieves the purposes of locally taking materials, effectively recovering waste branches and leaves, reducing the cost, and circularly cultivating the water chestnut bamboo shoots in a green and efficient manner.
3. The formula of the nutrient solution is reasonably designed, and the under-forest residues in the raw materials comprise branches, leaves and other materials, are rich in organic matters, humic acid and a small amount of vitamins, auxin, trace elements and the like, and can improve soil and promote the growth and development of plants. The eggshell is rich in calcium and phosphorus, and has effect of promoting crop growth. The peel residues contain rich antioxidant components and bioactive substances, can improve the nutrient components of the water chestnut bamboo shoots and promote the growth of the water chestnut bamboo shoots; the molasses is an important carrier of the compound microbial agent, is used for the propagation of microorganisms, and plays an important role in maintaining the activity of the compound microbial agent.
4. The nutrient solution is also added with alpha-selenomethionine, so that the nutrient solution has positive effects on the photosynthetic rate, the stomatal conductance, the transpiration rate and the water utilization efficiency of the water chestnut bamboo shoots, can enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the water chestnut bamboo shoots, effectively slow down the senescence of leaves, simultaneously adjust the distribution of plant leaf layers, increase the light energy utilization efficiency and improve the internal tissue structure of the leaves. The invention reasonably controls the addition amount of the alpha-selenobutylamine, and a proper amount of selenium can reduce the stomatal resistance by controlling the stomatal conductance of the plant leaves, thereby improving CO2Flux, so as to achieve the effect of improving the plant photosynthetic rate; selenium can also promote the absorption of Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, P, K and other elements by plants, the elements generally play an important role in the process of promoting and participating in the formation of photosynthetic pigments, and meanwhile, the selenium can play a certain role in promoting the activity of chlorophyll synthesis related enzymes by influencing the absorption and distribution of coenzyme factors; the transpiration of the air holes is used as the main power for absorbing and transporting the water of the plants, and simultaneously, the transpiration of the air holes plays an important role in transporting and absorbing the nutrition of mineral elements and keeping the body temperature of the plants, influences the gas exchange of the plant leaves to a certain extent and indirectly plays a role in promoting the photosynthesis. The rare earth elements are added, so that rooting and sprouting of the water chestnut bamboo shoots can be promoted, root development and absorption of selenium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium are promoted, selenium and calcium absorption is particularly improved, and dry matter accumulation is increased, so that the calcium content of the water chestnut bamboo shoots is improved, good quality of the water chestnut bamboo shoots is facilitated, the storage and transportation resistance is improved, the shelf life of the water chestnut bamboo shoots is prolonged, and meanwhile, the rare earth elements also can promote rooting and sprouting of the water chestnut bamboo shoots, promote the growth of roots and the absorption of seleniumThe fertilizer has the capability of enhancing disease resistance, cold resistance and drought resistance of crops; according to the invention, the compound amino acid rare earth element chelate is prepared by chelating the rare earth element with the compound amino acid and the humic acid, and the compound amino acid rare earth element chelate is added in the form of an organic rare earth compound, so that the absorption of the rare earth element can be promoted. The chitosan is a cationic natural polymer, has good effects of inhibiting microorganisms, bacteria and mould, and can increase the disease resistance of the bamboo shoots; the chitosan can improve the permeability of cell membranes, accelerate the transportation of drugs and promote nutrients to rapidly reach action sites; it can also chelate trace element metal ions and guide other nutrients to enter the organism quickly, thus promoting rooting, sprouting, growth and development. When the compound amino acid rare earth element chelate is used in combination with the alpha-selenomethionine and the chitosan, a synergistic effect is generated, the absorption and transportation of nutrients are synergistically promoted, and the survival rate of the bamboo shoots in different plants is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, the following examples are given to illustrate, but not to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention is illustrated by the following more specific examples.
Example 1
A method for improving the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the bamboo shoots planted in the forest comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a low-hill ecological public welfare pine forest with the age of more than 20 years;
s2: ditching in the open field under the forest, wherein the depth of the ditch is 20cm, the width of the ditch is 20cm, and the length of the ditch is 5 m; selecting annual, robust and non-pest-damage parent bamboo seedlings of the water chestnut bamboo shoots with roots, plump hidden buds and non-germinated meshes, cutting off tips of the parent bamboo shoots with the ground diameter of 4cm, reserving 8 sections which are less than 5m, facilitating elimination of top advantages, promoting robust growth of lateral branches, and reserving 1 branch on each section; punching a hole in the middle of a bamboo joint, filling nutrient solution into the hole, blocking the hole with clay, horizontally placing the bamboo in a ditch, keeping the hole opening upward, enabling branches and bud eyes to face to the two horizontal sides, burying soil with the thickness of 3cm, slightly compacting, covering with grass and spraying water; sprouting on bamboo joints after 35 days; digging out the bamboo stalks and cutting the bamboo stalks into individual bamboo seedlings after 12 months;
the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of under-forest residues, 50 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of eggshells, 15 parts of peel residues, 2 parts of molasses, 3 parts of compound microbial agent, 2000 parts of biogas slurry, 0.2 part of trace elements, 0.2 part of alpha-selenomethionine, 0.1 part of compound amino acid rare earth element chelate, 5 parts of rooting powder and 10 parts of chitosan;
the microelements comprise iron, silicon, zinc, copper, iodine, bromine and manganese;
the compound amino acid rare earth element chelate takes compound amino acid and humic acid as chelating agents to chelate rare earth elements, and the proportion of the compound amino acid, the humic acid and the rare earth elements is 1:0.1: 0.1;
the peel dregs are the mixture of apple peel and litchi peel;
the compound microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 4 parts of trichoderma asperellum, 3 parts of bacillus, 2 parts of actinomycetes, 3 parts of saccharomycetes, 7 parts of rhizobia, 4 parts of azotobacter chroococcum, 5 parts of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and 5 parts of potassium solubilizing bacteria;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps:
a: respectively pulverizing the understory residues, soybean meal, eggshells and peel residues, adding water, and stirring into paste;
b: adding biogas slurry into a container, adding molasses into the container, and uniformly stirring; adding the compound microbial agent into a container, and uniformly stirring;
c: b, adding the pasty material obtained in the step A into a container, and uniformly stirring; covering the container with 2 layers of cleaning cloth or sack, and fermenting, wherein in the fermentation process, when the temperature is increased to 60 deg.C, the mixture is stirred once in the morning and evening every day, and when the temperature is decreased to below 50 deg.C, the mixture is stirred for 1 time in 3 days; when the temperature is reduced to below 40 ℃, the stirring is not carried out until the bubbles and the odor disappear;
d: filtering, adding microelement, compound amino acid rare earth element chelate, methyl selenium and n-butyric acid, rooting powder and chitosan into the filtrate, and mixing uniformly to obtain the product.
Example 2
A method for improving the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the bamboo shoots planted in the forest comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a low-hill ecological public welfare Huanghua pear forest with the age of more than 20 years;
s2: ditching in the open field under the forest, wherein the depth of the ditch is 25cm, the width of the ditch is 25cm, and the length of the ditch is 5.5 m; selecting annual, robust and non-pest-damage, plump hidden buds and ungerminated phyllostachys edulis bamboo shoots with the meshes of bamboo shoots, cutting off tips of the bamboo shoots, reserving 9 sections which are less than 5m, facilitating elimination of top advantages, promoting robust growth of lateral branches and reserving 2 branches on each section, wherein the ground diameter is 5 cm; punching a hole in the middle of a bamboo joint, filling nutrient solution into the hole, blocking the hole with clay, horizontally placing the bamboo in a ditch, keeping the hole opening upward, enabling branches and bud eyes to face to the two horizontal sides, burying soil with the thickness of 5cm, slightly compacting, covering with grass and spraying water; sprouting on bamboo joints 25 days later; digging out the bamboo stalks and cutting the bamboo stalks into individual bamboo seedlings after 6 months;
the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 180 parts of under-forest residues, 65 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of egg shells, 10 parts of peel residues, 8 parts of molasses, 4 parts of compound microbial agent, 2200 parts of biogas slurry, 0.4 part of trace elements, 0.1 part of alpha-selenomethionine, 0.5 part of compound amino acid rare earth element chelate, 8 parts of rooting powder and 15 parts of chitosan;
the microelements comprise iron, silicon, zinc, copper, iodine, bromine and manganese;
the compound amino acid rare earth element chelate takes compound amino acid and humic acid as chelating agents to chelate rare earth elements, and the proportion of the compound amino acid, the humic acid and the rare earth elements is 1:0.15: 0.12;
the peel residue comprises mixture of mandarin orange peel, banana peel, dragon fruit peel, and pericarpium Citri Grandis;
the compound microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 3 parts of trichoderma asperellum, 5 parts of bacillus, 1 part of actinomycetes, 1 part of saccharomycetes, 5 parts of rhizobia, 6 parts of azotobacter chroococcum, 7 parts of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and 4 parts of potassium solubilizing bacteria;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps:
a: respectively pulverizing the understory residues, soybean meal, eggshells and peel residues, adding water, and stirring into paste;
b: adding biogas slurry into a container, adding molasses into the container, and uniformly stirring; then adding the compound microbial agent into a container, and uniformly stirring;
c: b, adding the pasty material obtained in the step A into a container, and uniformly stirring; covering the container with 3 layers of cleaning cloth or sack, and fermenting, wherein in the fermentation process, when the temperature is increased to 60 deg.C, the mixture is stirred once in the morning and evening every day, and when the temperature is decreased to below 50 deg.C, the mixture is stirred for 1 time in 3 days; when the temperature is reduced to below 40 ℃, the stirring is not carried out until the bubbles and the odor disappear;
d: filtering, adding microelement, compound amino acid rare earth element chelate, methyl selenium and n-butyric acid, rooting powder and chitosan into the filtrate, and mixing uniformly to obtain the product.
Example 3
A method for improving the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the bamboo shoots planted in the forest comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a low-hill ecological public welfare Huanghua pear forest with the age of more than 20 years;
s2: ditching in the open field under the forest, wherein the depth of the ditch is 30cm, the width of the ditch is 30cm, and the length of the ditch is 6 m; selecting annual, robust and non-pest-damage, plump hidden buds and ungerminated phyllostachys edulis bamboo shoots with the meshes of bamboo shoots, cutting off tips of the bamboo shoots, keeping 10 knots to be less than 5m, facilitating elimination of apical dominance, promoting robust growth of lateral branches, and keeping 2 branches on each knot, wherein the ground diameter is 6 cm; punching a hole in the middle of a bamboo joint, filling nutrient solution into the hole, blocking the hole with clay, horizontally placing the bamboo in a ditch, keeping the hole opening upward, enabling branches and bud eyes to face to the two horizontal sides, burying soil with the thickness of 8cm, slightly compacting, covering with grass and spraying water; sprouting on bamboo joints after 28 days; digging out the bamboo stalks and cutting the bamboo stalks into individual bamboo seedlings after 10 months;
the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200 parts of under-forest residues, 90 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of egg shells, 20 parts of peel residues, 4 parts of molasses, 7 parts of compound microbial agent, 2300 parts of biogas slurry, 0.5 part of trace elements, 0.5 part of alpha-selenomethionine, 0.1 part of compound amino acid rare earth element chelate, 10 parts of rooting powder and 20 parts of chitosan;
the microelements comprise iron, silicon, zinc, copper, iodine, bromine and manganese;
the compound amino acid rare earth element chelate takes compound amino acid and humic acid as chelating agents to chelate rare earth elements, and the proportion of the compound amino acid, the humic acid and the rare earth elements is 1:0.8: 1.5;
the peel residue comprises apple peel, litchi peel, dragon fruit peel and shaddock peel;
the compound microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 2 parts of trichoderma asperellum, 1 part of bacillus, 5 parts of actinomycetes, 5 parts of saccharomycetes, 4 parts of rhizobia, 5 parts of azotobacter chroococcum, 6 parts of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and 7 parts of potassium solubilizing bacteria;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps:
a: respectively pulverizing the understory residues, soybean meal, eggshells and peel residues, adding water, and stirring into paste;
b: adding biogas slurry into a container, adding molasses into the container, and uniformly stirring; then adding the compound microbial agent into a container, and uniformly stirring;
c: b, adding the pasty material obtained in the step A into a container, and uniformly stirring; covering the container with 3 layers of sack, and fermenting, wherein in the fermentation process, when the temperature is increased to 60 deg.C, the mixture is stirred once in the morning and evening every day, and when the temperature is decreased to below 50 deg.C, the mixture is stirred for 1 time in 3 days; when the temperature is reduced to below 40 ℃, the stirring is not carried out until the bubbles and the odor disappear;
d: filtering, adding microelement, compound amino acid rare earth element chelate, methyl selenium and n-butyric acid, rooting powder and chitosan into the filtrate, and mixing uniformly to obtain the product.
Example 4
A method for improving the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the bamboo shoots planted in the forest comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a low-hill ecological public welfare pine forest with the age of more than 20 years;
s2: ditching in the open field under the forest, wherein the depth of the ditch is 28cm, the width of the ditch is 28cm, and the length of the ditch is 5.5 m; selecting annual, robust and non-pest-damage, plump hidden buds and ungerminated phyllostachys edulis bamboo shoots with the meshes of bamboo shoots, cutting off tips of the bamboo shoots with the ground diameter of 4.5cm, reserving 8 sections which are less than 5m, facilitating elimination of apical dominance, promoting robust growth of lateral branches, and reserving 2 branches on each section; punching a hole in the middle of a bamboo joint, filling nutrient solution into the hole, blocking the hole with clay, horizontally placing the bamboo in a ditch, keeping the hole opening upward, enabling branches and bud eyes to face to the two horizontal sides, burying soil with the thickness of 7cm, slightly compacting, covering with grass and spraying water; sprouting on bamboo joints after 26 days; after 11 months, digging out the bamboo stalks and cutting the bamboo stalks into individual bamboo seedlings;
the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150 parts of under-forest residues, 85 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of egg shells, 18 parts of peel residues, 10 parts of molasses, 6 parts of compound microbial agent, 2800 parts of biogas slurry, 0.1 part of trace elements, 1 part of alpha-seleno-butyric acid, 2 parts of compound amino acid rare earth element chelate, 6 parts of rooting powder and 11 parts of chitosan;
the microelements comprise iron, silicon, zinc, copper, iodine, bromine and manganese;
the compound amino acid rare earth element chelate takes compound amino acid and humic acid as chelating agents to chelate rare earth elements, and the proportion of the compound amino acid, the humic acid and the rare earth elements is 1:2: 0.13;
the peel residue comprises apple peel, litchi peel, orange peel, banana peel, dragon fruit peel, and shaddock peel;
the compound microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 5 parts of trichoderma asperellum, 4 parts of bacillus, 4 parts of actinomycetes, 2 parts of saccharomycetes, 3 parts of rhizobia, 3 parts of azotobacter chroococcum, 3 parts of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and 3 parts of potassium solubilizing bacteria;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps:
a: respectively pulverizing the understory residues, soybean meal, eggshells and peel residues, adding water, and stirring into paste;
b: adding biogas slurry into a container, adding molasses into the container, and uniformly stirring; then adding the compound microbial agent into a container, and uniformly stirring;
c: b, adding the pasty material obtained in the step A into a container, and uniformly stirring; covering the container with 2 layers of cleaning cloth or sack, and fermenting, wherein in the fermentation process, when the temperature is increased to 60 deg.C, the mixture is stirred once in the morning and evening every day, and when the temperature is decreased to below 50 deg.C, the mixture is stirred for 1 time in 3 days; when the temperature is reduced to below 40 ℃, the stirring is not carried out until the bubbles and the odor disappear;
d: filtering, adding microelement, compound amino acid rare earth element chelate, methyl selenium and n-butyric acid, rooting powder and chitosan into the filtrate, and mixing uniformly to obtain the product.
Example 5
A method for improving the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the bamboo shoots planted in the forest comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a low-hill ecological public welfare pine forest with the age of more than 20 years;
s2: ditching in the open field under the forest, wherein the depth of the ditch is 22cm, the width of the ditch is 26cm, and the length of the ditch is 5.5 m; selecting annual, robust and non-pest-damage, plump hidden buds and ungerminated phyllostachys edulis bamboo shoots with the meshes of bamboo shoots, cutting off tips of the bamboo shoots, reserving 8 sections which are less than 5m, facilitating elimination of apical dominance, promoting robust growth of lateral branches, and reserving 2 branches on each section, wherein the ground diameter is 5.5 cm; punching a hole in the middle of a bamboo joint, filling nutrient solution into the hole, blocking the hole with clay, horizontally placing the bamboo in a ditch, keeping the hole opening upward, enabling branches and bud eyes to face to two horizontal sides, burying soil with the thickness of 4cm, slightly compacting, covering with grass and spraying water; sprouting on bamboo joints after 32 days; digging out the bamboo stalks and cutting the bamboo stalks into individual bamboo seedlings after 9 months;
the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120 parts of under-forest residues, 75 parts of bean pulp, 8 parts of egg shells, 13 parts of peel residues, 9 parts of molasses, 13 parts of compound microbial agent, 3000 parts of biogas slurry, 0.3 part of trace elements, 0.5 part of alpha-selenomethionine, 1.5 parts of compound amino acid rare earth element chelate, 9 parts of rooting powder and 17 parts of chitosan;
the microelements comprise iron, silicon, zinc, copper, iodine, bromine and manganese;
the compound amino acid rare earth element chelate takes compound amino acid and humic acid as chelating agents to chelate rare earth elements, and the proportion of the compound amino acid, the humic acid and the rare earth elements is 1:0.18: 0.14;
the peel residue comprises apple peel, litchi peel, orange peel and dragon fruit peel;
the compound microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 1 part of trichoderma asperellum, 2 parts of bacillus, 3 parts of actinomycetes, 4 parts of saccharomycetes, 8 parts of rhizobia, 8 parts of azotobacter chroococcum, 8 parts of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and 8 parts of potassium solubilizing bacteria;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps:
a: respectively pulverizing the understory residues, soybean meal, eggshells and peel residues, adding water, and stirring into paste;
b: adding biogas slurry into a container, adding molasses into the container, and uniformly stirring; then adding the compound microbial agent into a container, and uniformly stirring;
c: b, adding the pasty material obtained in the step A into a container, and uniformly stirring; covering the container with 3 layers of cleaning cloth, fermenting, stirring once in the morning and evening every day when the temperature is increased to 60 deg.C, and stirring 1 time for 3 days when the temperature is decreased to below 50 deg.C; when the temperature is reduced to below 40 ℃, the stirring is not carried out until the bubbles and the odor disappear;
d: filtering, adding microelement, compound amino acid rare earth element chelate, methyl selenium and n-butyric acid, rooting powder and chitosan into the filtrate, and mixing uniformly to obtain the product.
Comparative example 1
The method is basically the same as the method in the embodiment 3, except that the raw materials for preparing the nutrient solution are not added with the methionine, the compound amino acid rare earth element chelate and the chitosan.
Comparative example 2
Substantially the same as in example 3, except that no alpha-selenobutylamine was added to the starting materials for the preparation of the nutrient solution.
Comparative example 3
Basically the same as example 3, except that the raw materials for preparing the nutrient solution are not added with the compound amino acid rare earth element chelate.
Comparative example 4
Basically the same as example 3, except that no chitosan was added to the raw materials for preparing the nutrient solution.
Comparative example 5
The same as example 3, except that the bamboo joint was not perfused with nutrient solution.
Comparative test
Planting is carried out by adopting the planting methods of examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-5, after 3 years of planting, the bamboo shoots are harvested, the survival rate of each bamboo shoot and the average yield of each plant are calculated, and the results are shown in the following table.
From the above table, it can be seen that: example 3 is the most preferred example.
(1) As can be seen from the data of the examples 1-5 and the comparative example 5, compared with the method that nutrient solution is not poured into bamboo joints, the planting method provided by the invention has the advantages that the survival rate of the obtained corm Eleocharitis branch seedlings and the average yield of a single plant are both higher, the survival rate is above 86%, the average yield of the single plant is above 33kg, and the economic benefit is better.
(2) Compared with the example 3, on the basis of the same other preparation conditions, the raw materials of the comparative example 1 are not added with the selenomethionine, the compound amino acid rare earth element chelate and the chitosan, the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the common rabdosia shoot is reduced by 16.7 percent, and the average yield of a single plant is reduced by 17.2 kg; compared with the prior art, the raw materials of the comparative example 2 are not added with the alpha-selenomethionine, the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the common rabdosia shoots is reduced by 5.7 percent, and the average yield of a single plant is reduced by 6.6 kg; the raw materials of the comparative example 3 are not added with the compound amino acid rare earth element chelate, the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the bamboo shoots is reduced by 6.8 percent, and the average yield of a single plant is reduced by 5.1 kg; the raw materials of the comparative example 3 are not added with chitosan, the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the common rabdosia shoot is reduced by 2.6%, and the average yield of a single plant is reduced by 3.9 kg.
Therefore, when the alpha-selenomethionine, the compound amino acid rare earth element chelate and the chitosan act together, the survival rate of the seedlings in different plants can be improved by 16.7 percent, and the average yield of a single plant can be improved by 17.2 kg; when the alpha-selenomethionine is used independently, the survival rate of the individual seedlings can be improved by 5.7 percent, and the average yield of the individual seedlings can be improved by 6.6 kg; when the composite amino acid rare earth element chelate is used alone, the survival rate of the seedlings in different plants can be improved by 6.8 percent, and the average yield of the single plant can be improved by 5.1 kg; when the chitosan acts alone, the survival rate of the individual seedlings can be improved by 2.6 percent, and the average yield of the individual seedlings can be improved by 3.9 kg; therefore, the effect of improving the survival rate of the seedlings in different plants is increased when the alpha-selenate-butyrate, the compound amino acid rare earth element chelate and the chitosan act together compared with the effect when the alpha-selenate-butyrate, the compound amino acid rare earth element chelate and the chitosan act independently respectively: [16.7- (5.7+6.8+2.6) ]/(5.7 +6.8+2.6) × 100% > 10.6% > 10%, the effect of increasing the average yield per plant increased: [17.2- (6.6+5.1+3.9) ]/(6.6 +5.1+3.9) × 100% > -10.3% > 10%; therefore, the nutrient solution added with the selenomethionine, the compound amino acid rare earth element chelate and the chitosan plays a role in synergy for improving the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the common rabdosia shoots and the average yield of a single plant, and the reason is that:
the selenium-enriched methionine contains selenium, has positive effects on plant photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and water utilization efficiency, promotes the absorption of plants on Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, P, K and other elements, promotes the growth and development of the water chestnut bamboo shoot seedlings, and improves the survival rate; the rare earth elements can promote the rooting and sprouting of the water chestnut bamboo shoots, promote the development of root systems and the absorption of selenium, particularly improve the absorption of selenium and calcium and increase the accumulation of dry matters, thereby improving the calcium content of the water chestnut bamboo shoots, helping the water chestnut bamboo shoots to form good quality, and simultaneously, the rare earth elements also have the capability of enhancing the disease resistance, cold resistance and drought resistance of crops; according to the invention, the compound amino acid rare earth element chelate is prepared by chelating the rare earth element with compound amino acid and humic acid, so that the absorption of the rare earth element can be promoted; the chitosan is a cationic natural polymer, has good effects of inhibiting microorganisms, bacteria and mould, and can increase the disease resistance of the bamboo shoots; the chitosan can improve the permeability of cell membranes, accelerate the transportation of drugs and promote nutrients to rapidly reach action sites; it can also chelate trace element metal ions and guide other nutrients to enter the organism quickly, thus promoting rooting, sprouting, growth and development. When the selenium-methyl-threonine, the compound amino acid rare earth element chelate and the chitosan are used in a matching way, the selenium element and the rare earth element can be mutually promoted to be absorbed, and the chitosan can be used for promoting the selenium element and the rare earth element to be absorbed, so that a synergistic effect is generated among the selenium element chelate, the chitosan, the compound amino acid rare earth element chelate and the chitosan, the nutrition absorption and the transportation are promoted in a synergistic way, the survival rate of the bamboo shoots divided seedlings is improved, and the.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the bamboo shoots planted under the forest is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: selecting a low-hill ecological public welfare forest;
s2: preparing soil and ditching in an open place under a forest; selecting annual, robust and non-pest-disease-damage parent bamboo seedlings of the water chestnut bamboo shoots with roots, plump hidden buds and non-germinated bamboo meshes, cutting off tips of the parent bamboo shoots with the ground diameter of 4-6cm, reserving 8-10 knots and less than 5m, facilitating elimination of top end advantages, promoting robust growth of lateral branches, and reserving 1-2 branches on each knot; punching a hole in the middle of a bamboo joint, filling nutrient solution into the hole, blocking the hole with clay, horizontally placing a bamboo in a ditch, keeping an orifice upward, enabling branches and bud eyes to face to two horizontal sides, burying soil with the thickness of 3-8 cm, slightly compacting, covering grass and spraying water; and digging out the bamboo stalks and cutting the bamboo stalks into individual bamboo seedlings after 6-12 months.
2. The method for improving the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the bamboo shoots planted in the forest according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S2, the depth of the groove is 20-30 cm, the width is 20-30 cm, and the length is 5-6 m.
3. The method for improving the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the bamboo shoots planted in the forest according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
100-200 parts of under-forest residues, 50-100 parts of bean pulp, 5-10 parts of egg shells, 10-20 parts of peel residues, 2-10 parts of molasses, 3-7 parts of compound microbial inoculant, 2000-3000 parts of biogas slurry, 0.1-0.5 part of trace elements, 0.1-2 parts of compound amino acid rare earth element chelate, 0.1-1 part of methylselenobutylamine, 5-10 parts of rooting powder and 10-20 parts of chitosan.
4. The method for improving the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the bamboo shoots planted in the forest according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the rooting powder is quick-acting rooting powder of Henan Shenrun biotechnology and science and technology Limited company.
5. The method for improving the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the bamboo shoots planted in the forest according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the microelements comprise iron, silicon, zinc, copper, iodine, bromine and manganese.
6. The method for improving the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the bamboo shoots planted in the forest according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the compound amino acid rare earth element chelate takes compound amino acid and humic acid as chelating agents to chelate rare earth elements, and the proportion of the compound amino acid, the humic acid and the rare earth elements is 1: 0.1-2: 0.1-1.5.
7. The method for improving the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the bamboo shoots planted in the forest according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the peel residue is mixture of more than two of apple peel, litchi peel, orange peel, banana peel, dragon fruit peel and shaddock peel.
8. The method for improving the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the bamboo shoots planted in the forest according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the compound microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of trichoderma asperellum, 1-5 parts of bacillus, 1-5 parts of actinomycetes, 1-5 parts of saccharomycetes, 3-8 parts of rhizobia, 3-8 parts of azotobacter chroococcum, 3-8 parts of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and 3-8 parts of potassium solubilizing bacteria.
9. The method for improving the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the champion bamboo shoots planted in the forest according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps:
a: respectively pulverizing the understory residues, soybean meal, eggshells and peel residues, adding water, and stirring into paste;
b: adding biogas slurry into a container, adding molasses into the container, uniformly stirring, adding the compound microbial agent into the container, and uniformly stirring;
c: b, adding the pasty material obtained in the step A into a container, and uniformly stirring; covering and tightening the container mouth with 2-3 layers of clean cloth or sack to ferment until the bubbles and odor disappear;
d: filtering, adding microelement, compound amino acid rare earth element chelate, methyl selenium and n-butyric acid, rooting powder and chitosan into the filtrate, and mixing uniformly to obtain the product.
10. The method for improving the survival rate of the separated seedlings of the bamboo shoots planted in the forest according to claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and C, in the fermentation process of the step C, when the temperature is increased to 60 ℃, stirring once in the morning and at the evening every day, when the temperature is reduced to below 50 ℃, stirring for 1 time in 3 days, and when the temperature is reduced to below 40 ℃, no stirring is carried out.
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