CN113079746A

CN113079746A - Pelleting formula and processing method of seeds of brassica rapa pekinensis

Info

Publication number: CN113079746A
Application number: CN202110546325.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 侯喜林; 王成森; 李英
Original assignee: Nanjing Agricultural University
Current assignee: Nanjing Agricultural University
Priority date: 2021-05-19
Filing date: 2021-05-19
Publication date: 2021-07-09

Abstract

The invention discloses a pelleting formula and a processing method of a black mustard seed. The adhesive is added in the form of 0.5% -8% adhesive water solution, the preferred concentration of the invention is 4.5% polyvinyl alcohol solution; the inert additive is one or more of talcum powder, bentonite and kaolin, and the talcum powder is preferred in the invention. In addition, an initiator Vc, a pesticide matrine and a coloring agent iron oxide yellow are added. The material used in the invention is environment-friendly and safe, and the germination vigor, the germination rate, the yield and the quality of the pelleted seeds are improved.

Description

Pelleting formula and processing method of seeds of brassica rapa pekinensis

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of seed pelleting, in particular to a pelleting formula and a processing method of a black mustard seed.

Background

The quality of the seeds is the precondition and the key for determining the yield increase and harvest of agriculture. The seeds are possibly disturbed by various factors such as insect pests, diseases, waterlogging, drought, cold damage and the like in the sowing and seedling emergence processes, so that the seedling emergence is delayed; in addition, the particle size of the seeds of the brassica rapa pekinensis is small, and the problems of large seeding amount, irregular seedling emergence and the like exist in the production. The strength of the germination capacity of the seeds can be directly related to the later yield and the crop quality. The pelleting of the seeds is a pre-sowing treatment technology, and the seeds can prevent and treat diseases to a certain extent after pelleting treatment before sowing, enhance the stress resistance of the seeds, improve the quality of the seeds, and ensure multiple effects of uniform and strong seedlings and the like.

The seed pelleting technology is characterized in that a layer of thicker coating material is coated on the surface of small particles or seeds with irregular shapes by a mechanical method, and the original biological characteristics of the seeds are not changed, so that seed particles with certain size and strength are formed, the seed quality and volume are increased, and the mechanical sowing is facilitated. The water in the soil can be absorbed around the soil after the pelletized seeds are sown, and the plants can emerge under the condition of limited water. And the bactericide and the pesticide wrapped inside the cracked pelletized seeds can be released, and the crop can achieve the effect of preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests through root system absorption. The volume of small-sized seeds such as vegetables, tobacco and the like can be greatly enlarged after the pelleting technology is applied, the mechanical sowing is convenient, the manual use cost and unnecessary seed consumption are reduced, and the pelleting coating of the seeds is a necessary condition for realizing the precision sowing of the vegetable seeds. At the present stage, the pelleted seeds only have the pelleting processing requirements on the beet seeds, and a uniform pelleted seed standard does not exist.

There have been many domestic patent applications relating to seed pelleting technology, and patent number CN103392412A discloses a sorghum seed pelleting method; patent No. CN108353937A discloses an organic pelleting and planting method for black nightshade seeds; patent No. CN105165179A discloses a pelleted Codonopsis pilosula seed and its preparation method; patent No. CN108294053A discloses an organic pelleting preparation of lettuce seeds and a preparation method thereof; but currently, researches specially aiming at pelleting seeds of the brassica rapa pekinensis are few.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the seeds of the brassica rapa pekinensis in seedling culture, the invention provides a pelleting formula for processing and producing the seeds of the brassica rapa pekinensis and a preparation method thereof. The specific technical scheme is as follows:

a pelleted formulation of seeds of Brassica campestris comprises a binder, an inert filler material, a colorant, an initiator, and an insecticide. The adhesive is characterized in that the adhesive is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose and agar, and is added in the form of adhesive aqueous solution with the mass percent of 0.5-8%;

the inert additive is one or more of talcum powder, kaolin and bentonite; further, the inert additive substance is talcum powder.

The mass volume ratio (g: g: ml: g) of the black mustard seeds, the inert filling material, the adhesive aqueous solution and the coloring agent is 1: (3-6): (0.85-1.7): 0.1-0.2.

The processing method for pelleting the seeds of the brassica rapa pekinensis adopts the formula, and specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting the seeds of the brassica rapa pekinensis to be pelleted;

(2) pulverizing pulvis Talci to 800 mesh;

(3) weighing the powder. 140g, 150g, 160g, 170g, 180g, 190g, 200g, 210g and 220g of talcum powder are respectively weighed; adding the mixture in 10 times;

(4) putting a certain amount of seeds into a pelleting coating machine with the rotating speed of 38Hz, adding 37ml of adhesive after 5s, and adding 140g of talcum powder (10-15s is finished) after 10 s;

(5) after 20s, 150g of talc was added in step (4) together with 39ml of binder. Adding the adhesive and the talcum powder every 30-50s at a ratio of 1:3.8 (ml: g);

(6) taking out the seeds at times 3, 6 and 9, and drying in natural wind for 6min, 8min and 10min respectively. Pouring the seeds into the machine in a stopped state after each drying;

(7) after about 30 seconds of adding for the 10 th time, uniformly wrapping 60g of iron oxide yellow on the surface of the seeds under the rotation state of the seeds in a machine, simultaneously adding 50ml of adhesive, and rotating for 30 seconds;

(8) spreading the pelletized seeds in a ventilated place, drying for about 2h, and sealing for storage.

After the preparation and the processing method are adopted, the invention has the beneficial effects and advantages that: the material used in the invention is environment-friendly, economical and safe. The seeds after pelleting germinate neatly and have high germination rate, thereby achieving the effect of accelerating germination. The growth index and the quality are greatly improved. The processing method is simple and convenient.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

Example one

(1) Selecting the seeds of the brassica rapa pekinensis to be pelleted;

(2) pulverizing pulvis Talci to 800 mesh;

(3) a weighed amount of 45g of polyvinyl alcohol (4.5%) was dissolved in 1000ml of water, heated in a 95 ℃ water bath until completely melted, and cooled to room temperature. Dissolving 100mg (100mg/L) of matrine and 80mg (80mg/L) of Vc in the polyvinyl alcohol solution cooled to room temperature, and uniformly stirring;

(4) the powder is weighed. 140g, 150g, 160g, 170g, 180g, 190g, 200g, 210g and 220g of talcum powder are respectively weighed; adding the mixture in 10 times;

(5) pouring 300g of seeds into a pelleting machine with the rotating speed of 38Hz, adding 37ml of adhesive after 5s, and adding 140g of talcum powder after 10s (after 10-15 s);

(6) after 20s, 150g of talc was added in step (5) together with 39ml of binder. Adding the adhesive and the talcum powder every 30-50s at a ratio of 1:3.8 (ml: g);

(7) taking out the seeds at times 3, 6 and 9, and drying in natural wind for 6min, 8min and 10min respectively. Pouring the seeds into the machine in a stopped state after each drying;

(8) after about 30 seconds of adding for the 10 th time, uniformly wrapping 60g of iron oxide yellow on the surface of the seeds in a rotating state of the seeds in a machine, adding 50ml of adhesive, and rotating for 30 seconds;

(9) spreading the seeds in a ventilated place, drying for about 2h, and sealing for storage.

Example two

(1) Selecting the seeds of the brassica rapa pekinensis to be pelleted;

(2) pulverizing pulvis Talci to 800 mesh;

(3) 22.5g of polyvinyl alcohol (4.5%) are dissolved in 500ml of water, heated to a temperature of 95 ℃ in a water bath until they are completely melted and cooled to room temperature. Dissolving 50mg (100mg/L) of matrine and 40mg (40mg/L) of Vc in the polyvinyl alcohol solution cooled to room temperature, and uniformly stirring;

(4) the powder is weighed. 160g, 170g, 180g, 190g and 200g of talcum powder are respectively weighed and added in 5 times;

(5) pouring 300g of seeds into a pelleting machine with the rotating speed of 38Hz, adding 42ml of adhesive after 5s, and adding 160g of talcum powder (10-15s is finished) after 10 s;

(6) after 20s, 170g of talc was added to step (5) together with 44ml of binder. Adding the adhesive and the talcum powder every 30-50s at a ratio of 1:3.8 (ml: g);

(7) taking out the seeds 2 and 4 times, drying in natural wind for 6min and 8min respectively, and pouring the seeds in a machine stop state;

(8) after the 5 th time of adding for about 30s, uniformly wrapping 30g of iron oxide yellow on the surface of the seeds in a rotating state of the machine, simultaneously adding 25ml of adhesive, and rotating for 30 s.

1. Seed germination test:

the seeds were transferred to corresponding petri dishes and 100 particles were placed in each treatment, each set was repeated 3 times and incubated at room temperature. Water was poured every 12 hours, keeping the filter paper moist.

Determination of germination index

And (4) measuring two germination indexes of the germination vigor and the germination rate of the seeds. The calculation method of each index is as follows:

seed germination potential (%) — number of germinated seeds at initial stage (day 3)/number of test seeds × 100%;

the germination rate (%) of the seeds is the number of germinated seeds at the end stage (day 7)/the number of test seeds 100%;

results and analysis

Germination tests were performed according to the method mentioned in 1 with example 1, example 2 and naked seeds, and the results of the tests were recorded as shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 Effect of pelleting on Germination of Black mustard seeds

Note: different lower case letters in the same column represent significant differences in mean difference (p <0.05), as follows.

2. Field test

TABLE 2 Effect of pelleting treatment on seed emergence of Brassica campestris

TABLE 3 Effect of pelleting on the growth index of Heitai dish

TABLE 4 impact of pelleting on the quality index of Heitai dish

As can be seen from the above table, after the seeds of the brassica rapa L are subjected to pelleting treatment, the germination vigor and the germination rate in a culture dish are improved to a certain extent, and the seedlings emerge more orderly. In field experiments, various indexes of the seedling stage are higher than those of untreated seeds, so that the seedlings are strengthened to a certain extent, and the vain growth is prevented. The yield and the quality are correspondingly improved.

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A pelleting formula of seeds of the brassica rapa L.var.nigra L.comprises a binder, an inert filling material, an initiator, an insecticide and a coloring agent, and is characterized in that:

the adhesive is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose and agar, and is added in the form of 0.5-8% of aqueous solution by mass percent;

the inert additive is one or more of talcum powder, bentonite and kaolin;

the mass ratio of the black mustard seeds to the inert filling materials is 1: 3-6; the mass volume ratio of the seeds of the brassica rapa L to the aqueous solution of the adhesive is 1: 0.85-1.7; the mass ratio of the black mustard seeds to the coloring agent is 1: 0.1-0.2; the Vc concentration is 80 mg/L; the matrine concentration is 100 mg/L.

2. A processing method for pelleting seeds of Ixeris sonchifolia is characterized by comprising the following steps: the formulation of claim 1, comprising the steps of:

(1) selecting the seeds of the brassica rapa pekinensis to be pelleted;

(2) pulverizing pulvis Talci to 800 mesh;

(3) weighing powder: 140g, 150g, 160g, 170g, 180g, 190g, 200g, 210g and 220g of talcum powder are respectively weighed; adding the mixture in 10 times;

(4) pouring a certain amount of seeds into a pelleting machine with the rotating speed of 38Hz, adding 37ml of adhesive after 5s, and adding 140g of talcum powder (10-15s is finished) after 10 s;

(7) after about 30 seconds of adding for the 10 th time, uniformly wrapping 60g of iron oxide yellow on the surface of the seeds in a rotating state of the seeds in a machine, adding 50ml of adhesive, and rotating for 30 seconds;

(8) spreading the seeds in a ventilated place, drying for about 2h, and sealing for storage.

3. A method of pelletising black mustard seed as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the mass ratio of the seeds of the brassica rapa pekinensis to the talcum powder is 1: 3-6.

4. A method of pelletising black mustard seed as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the adhesive aqueous solution is polyvinyl alcohol solution, the ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol solution to water is 4.5:100, the concentration of matrine is 100mg/L, and the concentration of Vc is 80 mg/L.

5. A method of pelletising black mustard seed as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the inert additive substances are all talcum powder, the volume mass ratio of the adhesive to the talcum powder in the step (5) is 1:3.8, and the mass ratio of the black mustard seeds to the coloring agent in the step (7) is 1: 0.1.