CN113072500A - 一种二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓类化合物的合成方法 - Google Patents

一种二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓类化合物的合成方法 Download PDF

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CN113072500A
CN113072500A CN202110369817.6A CN202110369817A CN113072500A CN 113072500 A CN113072500 A CN 113072500A CN 202110369817 A CN202110369817 A CN 202110369817A CN 113072500 A CN113072500 A CN 113072500A
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azepine
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CN113072500B (zh
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李洪基
陈新宇
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Huaibei Normal University
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    • C07D223/18Dibenzazepines; Hydrogenated dibenzazepines
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓类化合物的合成方法,属于有机合成技术领域。采用1H‑吲哚1与2‑(三甲基硅烷基)芳基三氟化物2在氟离子存在下通过芳炔插入吲哚C2=C3键进行[5+2]环加成反应,得到二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓类化合物3。与传统方法相比,本发明反应条件更加温和,避免了高温和三氯氧磷的使用,为合成二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓类化合物提供了一种简便、廉价、高效的途径。

Description

一种二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓类化合物的合成方法
技术领域
本发明涉及二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓杂环类化合物的合成方法,具体涉及一种6-苯基-11H-二苯并[b,e]氮杂类化合物的合成方法,属于有机合成技术领域。
背景技术
1H-吲哚作为N-杂环化合物,已被广泛用于合成具有良好生物和药物活性的相关衍生物。目前,吲哚合成采用直接官能化与多功能化的策略(例如过渡金属催化和无金属策略)已经做了大量的研究。吲哚[2+2]/[3+2]/[4+2]/[5+2]环加成反应已经用于合成结构复杂的吲哚啉、氢咔唑和环庚[b]吲哚。然而大多数策略均为通过利用吲哚骨架内C2=C3或C3位置的强亲核性来构建吲哚啉框架。
芳炔被作为重要的合成中间体,用于快速构建复杂的有机分子。由于其分子内炔键的独特反应性,可以很容易地被一些其他组分所捕获,从而得到不常见的有机分子化合物。1983年,Kobayashi等人首次报道通过氟化物诱导1,2-三甲基硅基苯基三氟酸酯的1,2-消除反应来制取苯炔。此后芳炔化学取得了不断进展,过去几年陆续有大量涉芳炔插入化学键的实例被报道。值得注意的是,芳炔的环化反应因其在有机化合物合成中应用广泛,因而受到越来越多的关注。
二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓杂环类化合物,尤其是6-苯基-11H-二苯并[b,e]氮杂及类化合物,具有良好生物活性,目前已被广泛应用于生物天然产物、农药和医药等领域。目前已有公开报道合成二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓杂环类化合物的方法,反应步骤长(需要3-4步),且需剧毒化学试剂三氯氧磷在高温下反应。因此,发展环境友好条件下高效构建结构二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓杂环以及类化合物的方法仍然具有重要的意义。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明采用氟离子诱导2-(三甲基硅基)苯基三氟甲磺酸酯与2-芳基-1H-吲哚的[5+2]环加成。该方法为二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓衍生物提供了一种简便、廉价、高效且绿色的合成途径。
本发明所述一种二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓杂环类化合物的合成方法,包括如下操作:以2-芳基-1H-吲哚1和2-(三甲基硅基)苯基三氟甲磺酸酯2为原料,在氟离子源诱导下,反应得到6-苯基-11H-二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓3。反应方程式如下:
Figure BDA0003008827010000021
其中:Ar1、Ar2和Ar3均为苯基、取代苯基、萘基;取代苯基中取代基选自C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C6烷基、C4-C7环烷基、卤素、硝基、腈基或酯基中一种或多种。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,所述氟离子源选自CsF、KF、TBAF、NaF、AgF、TBAT、Me4NF或BnMe3NF,优选采用CsF。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,反应在有机溶剂中进行,所述有机溶剂选自THF、CH3OH、CH3CN、CH2Cl2、CHCl3、ClCH2CH2Cl、甲苯等,优选反应溶剂为CH3CN。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,所述添加剂选自K2CO3、Cs2CO3、CsOPiv、Na2CO3、Li2CO3、t-BuOK、K3PO4、LiOAc、18-Crown-6、DBU、DABCO、DIPEA、CsOAc、NaOH、Et3N等,优选添加剂为18-Crown-6。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,所述2-芳基-1H-吲哚1、2-(三甲基硅基)苯基三氟甲磺酸酯2与氟离子源摩尔比为1:2:4。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,反应温度选自0℃至40℃,优选室温反应。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,反应可在空气中,也可在惰性氛围下进行,例如:氮气氛围中。
发明有益效果:
本发明采用氟离子诱导2-(三甲基硅基)苯基三氟甲磺酸酯生成芳炔,在室温下便可与2-芳基-1H吲哚反应构建二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓类化合物。相对文献采用三氯磷酸盐/120℃高温方法,本发明方法反应条件更温合有效,并且避免了使用三氯氧磷对环境造成污染。
具体实施方式
实施例1反应条件的优化
典型操作:在装有磁力搅拌的干燥反应管中,加入2-苯基-1H-吲哚(1a,36.4mg,0.2mmol)、CsF(121.5mg,0.8mmol)、18-crown-6(132.16mg,0.5mmol)和三氟甲磺酸酯(2a,149.0mg,0.5mmol)。然后向上述混合物中加入新蒸馏乙腈(1.0mL)。反应在室温下搅拌0.5小时,TLC检测反应完毕。粗产物通过闪蒸色谱法(硅胶,石油醚/乙酸乙酯=20/1至100/1)纯化,得到淡绿色固体产物3a。
Figure BDA0003008827010000041
aReaction conditions:1a(0.2mmol),2a(0.5mmol)and fluoride source(0.8mmol)in freshly distilled solvent(1mL)at room temperature for0.5h.bIsolated yield.c2 equiv CsF.d 3equiv CsF.e40℃.f O2(balloon).g N2
在反应条件筛选过程中,考察了不同的氟离子源对反应的影响(标号1-4)、不同反应溶剂对反应影响(标号5-9)、添加剂的量和空气对反应的影响(标号10-15)。最终确定了CsF为最佳催化剂,乙腈为最佳溶剂,18-冠醚-6为最佳添加剂,室温为最佳反应温度。
实施例2:
在装有磁力搅拌的干燥反应管中,加入2-苯基-1H-吲哚(1a,36.4mg,0.2mmol)、CsF(121.5mg,0.8mmol)、18-crown-6(132.16mg,0.5mmol)和2-(三甲基硅基)苯基三氟甲磺酸酯(2a,149.0mg,0.5mmol)。然后向所得混合物中加入新蒸馏乙腈(1.0mL)。反应在室温下搅拌0.5小时,TLC检测反应完毕。粗产物通过闪蒸色谱法(硅胶,石油醚/乙酸乙酯=20/1至100/1)纯化,得到淡绿色固体产物3a,收率76%。Pale green solid;40.9mg,76%yield;m.p.:150~153℃;1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.85(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.48–7.42(m,3H),7.40(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.33(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.26–7.22(m,3H),7.18(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.13(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),3.70(dd,J=33,12.6Hz,2H).13CNMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ:166.96,145.66,143.61,141.08,132.86,131.56,131.05,130.11,129.84,129.78,128.10,126.94,126.92,126.37,126.03,125.66,125.53,39.20.HRMS(ESI)calcd for C20H16N[M+H]+270.1277,found 270.1275.
实施例3:
根据实施例2反应条件,仅改变底物1结构,反应结果如下:
Figure BDA0003008827010000051
6-(p-Tolyl)-11H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine(3b):Pale green solid;41.9mg,74%yield;m.p.:132~136℃;1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.75(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.41-7.37(m,2H),7.33(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.25(s,2H),7.24(s,2H),7.22(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.18(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.12(td,J=7.2,1.2Hz,1H),3.69(dd,J=36.0,13.2Hz,2H),2.42(s,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ166.79,145.84,143.65,140.36,138.36,132.92,131.66,130.94,129.89,129.78,128.82,126.90,126.32,125.82,125.62,125.49,39.25,21.40.HRMS(ESI)calcd forC21H18N[M+H]+284.1434,found 284.1434.
Figure BDA0003008827010000061
6-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-11H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine(3c):Palegreen liquid;48.5mg,81%yield;1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.81(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),7.37(dd,J=15.0,7.2Hz,2H),7.31(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.26–7.22(m,2H),7.21–7.15(m,2H),7.09(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.94(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),3.84(s,3H),3.67(dd,J=40.2,13.2Hz2H).13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3)δ:166.15,161.35,145.87,143.61,133.63,132.87,131.50,131.35,130.90,129.84,126.86,126.84,126.30,125.62,125.59,125.35,113.43,55.34,39.21.HRMS(ESI)calcd for C21H18NO[M+H]+300.1383,found 300.1382.
Figure BDA0003008827010000062
6-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-11H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine(3d):Palegreenliquid;47.2 mg,70%yield;1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.97(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.70(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.45–7.41(m,2H),7.36(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.27(td,J=7.8,1.2Hz,1H),7.24(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.22–7.15(m,3H),3.71(s,2H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ165.53,145.34,144.35,143.67,132.69,131.73(q,J=32.1Hz),131.43,131.10,130.07,129.46,127.12,127.09,126.76,126.66,126.62,125.87,125.73,125.08(q,J=3.3Hz),124.05(q,J=270.4Hz),39.18.19F NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ-62.61.HRMS(ESI)calcd for C21H15F3N[M+H]+338.1151,found 338.1151.
Figure BDA0003008827010000071
4-(11H-Dibenzo[b,e]azepin-6-yl)benzonitrile(3e):Palegreen liquid;38.2mg,65%yield;1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ8.02(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.78(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.49(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.44(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.41(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.32(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.30–7.27(m,2H),7.25–7.22(m,1H),7.20(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),3.75(s,2H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ165.02,145.26,145.12,143.78,132.64,131.98,131.62,130.78,130.33,129.25,127.22,127.19,126.93,126.83,125.97,125.83,118.66,113.50,39.20.HRMS(ESI)calcd for C21H15N2[M+H]+295.1230,found 295.1231.
Figure BDA0003008827010000072
6-(3-Chlorophenyl)-11H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine(3f):Palegreen liquid;41.2mg,68%yield;1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.90(t,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.69(dt,dd,J=7.8,1.2Hz,1H),7.45–7.42(m,2H),7.39(dd,J=7.8,0.6Hz,1H),7.36(q,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.28–7.26(m,1H),7.24–7.21(m,3H),7.15(td,J=7.2,1.2Hz,1H),3.70(s,2H).13CNMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ165.45,145.42,143.65,142.92,134.33,132.74,131.33,131.11,130.08,129.65,129.55,129.33,128.06,127.05,126.58,126.42,125.86,125.67,39.20.HRMS(ESI)calcd for C20H15ClN[M+H]+304.0888,found 304.0886.
Figure BDA0003008827010000081
1-Methoxy-6-phenyl-11H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine(3g):Whitesolid;31.1mg,52%yield;m.p.:151~153℃;1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.86(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.49–7.42(m,3H),7.41–7.37(m,2H),7.23(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.20–7.15(m,2H),7.04(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),6.74(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.41(d,J=13.2Hz,1H),3.89(s,3H),3.20(d,J=13.2Hz,1H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ167.18,155.29,147.11,144.06,141.14,132.13,130.92,130.12,129.87,129.70,128.11,126.65,126.43,125.51,121.57,118.02,107.75,56.04,29.46.HRMS(ESI)calcd for C21H18NO[M+H]+300.1383,found 300.1382.
Figure BDA0003008827010000082
2-Fluoro-6-phenyl-11H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine(3h):Whitesolid;35.0 mg,61%yield;m.p.:153~155℃;1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.87–7.81(m,2H),7.50–7.42(m,4H),7.38–7.32(m,2H),7.26–7.21(m,2H),6.98–6.92(m,2H),3.68(dd,J=52.2,12.0Hz,2H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ166.78,162.12,160.49,142.12,141.89(d,J=269.0Hz),134.27(d,J=7.65Hz),131.59,131.20,130.19,129.90,129.75,128.16,127.11(d,J=8.7Hz),126.49,125.99,113.78(d,J=22.1Hz),113.45(d,J=22.1Hz),39.13.19F NMR(565MHz,CDCl3)δ-117.80.HRMS(ESI)calcd for C20H15FN[M+H]+288.1183,found288.1184.
Figure BDA0003008827010000091
2-Chloro-6-phenyl-11H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine(3i):Whitesolid;38.8mg,64%yield;m.p.:145~147℃;1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.87–7.79(m,2H),7.51–7.40(m,4H),7.32(dd,J=10.8,7.8Hz,2H),7.25–7.18(m,4H),3.66(dd,J=48.6,12.6Hz,2H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ167.42,144.36,142.90,140.82,134.13,131.53,131.40,131.28,130.34,129.90,129.80,128.17,127.01,126.80,126.50,126.01,38.90.HRMS(ESI)calcd for C20H15ClN[M+H]+304.0888,found 304.0887.
Figure BDA0003008827010000092
2-Bromo-6-phenyl-11H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine(3j):Whitesolid;46.5mg,67%yield;m.p.:158~160℃;1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.83(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.49(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.45(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),7.39–7.32(m,3H),7.24(t,J=5.4Hz,3H),3.67(dd,J=48.0,13.2Hz,2H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ167.53,144.82,142.96,140.82,134.55,131.54,131.32,130.39,129.97,129.93,129.83,129.71,128.19,127.13,126.54,126.05,119.39,38.85.HRMS(ESI)calcd for C20H15BrN[M+H]+348.0382,found 348.0380.
实施例4:
根据实施例2反应条件,仅改变底物2结构,得到反应产物结果如下:
Figure BDA0003008827010000101
8,9-Dimethyl-6-phenyl-11H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine(3k):Whitesolid;42.8mg,72%yield;m.p.:171~172℃;1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.78(d,J=6.6Hz,2H),7.36(d,J=7.8Hz,3H),7.29(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.14–7.11(m,2H),7.04–7.00(m,2H),6.90(s,1H),3.55(dd,J=51.6,12.0Hz,2H),2.18(s,3H),2.04(s,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ167.06,145.86,141.35,140.10,133.88,133.19,130.73,129.94,129.82,129.35,128.04,127.55,126.79,126.76,125.87,125.53,38.75,19.64,19.23.HRMS(ESI)calcdfor C22H20N[M+H]+298.1590,found298.1590.
Figure BDA0003008827010000102
6-Phenyl-8,9,10,12-tetrahydrobenzo[b]indeno[5,6-e]azepine(3l):Whitesolid;46.4mg,75%yield;m.p.:167~169℃;1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.94(d,J=6.6Hz,2H),7.52(d,J=6.0Hz,3H),7.47–7.43(m,1H),7.33–7.27(m,2H),7.19(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.13(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),3.74(dd,J=46.2,12.6Hz,2H),3.05–2.89(m,3H),2.79–2.76(m,1H),2.18–2.04(m,2H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ167.37,147.95,145.86,141.97,141.66,141.57,133.24,129.90,129.84,128.03,126.78,126.73,125.85,125.46,125.43,122.20,77.21,77.00,76.79,39.18,32.84,32.31,25.39.HRMS(ESI)calcd for C23H20N[M+H]+310.1590,found310.1593.
Figure BDA0003008827010000111
10-Methoxy-6-phenyl-11H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine(3m):Whitesolid;36.5mg,61%yield;m.p.:159~161℃;1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.88(d,J=6.6Hz,2H),7.48–7.42(m,3H),7.38(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.23(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.20(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.12(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.96(dd,J=8.4,2.4Hz,1H),6.75(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),3.68(d,J=13.2Hz,1H),3.65(s,3H),3.61(d,J=13.2Hz,1H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ166.57,157.48,145.67,140.90,136.58,133.23,132.37,130.13,129.76,128.12,127.39,126.84,126.77,126.00,125.51,117.18,114.72,55.40,38.26.HRMS(ESI)calcd for C21H18NO[M+H]+300.1383,found 300.1380.
实施例5:
Figure BDA0003008827010000121
在装有磁力搅拌的干燥反应管中,加入4-(1H-吲哚-2-基)苯甲酸甲酯(50.2mg,0.2mmol)、CsF(121.5mg,0.8mmol)、18-crown-6(132.16mg,0.5mmol)和5,5,8,8-四甲基-3-(三甲基甲硅烷基)-5,6,7,8-四氢萘-2-基三氟甲磺酸盐(204.1mg,0.5mmol)。然后向上述混合物中加入新蒸馏乙腈(1.0mL)。反应在室温下搅拌0.5小时,TLC检测反应完毕。粗产物通过闪蒸色谱法(硅胶,石油醚/乙酸乙酯20/1至100/1)纯化,得到黄色固体产物8,收率83%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.11(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.96(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.42(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.29–7.24(m,2H),7.22(s,1H),7.16(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.08(s,1H),3.95(s,3H),3.68(d,J=12.8Hz,2H),1.64(s,4H),1.35(s,3H),1.26(s,3H),1.16(s,3H),1.03(s,3H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ166.9,166.2,148.6,145.7,145.5,142.4,140.9,133.1,131.2,129.9,129.2,128.8,128.4,127.3,126.9,126.3,125.8,124.4,52.2,39.1,34.83,34.78,34.4,33.9,31.6;HRMS(ESI)m/z calcd for C30H32NO2(M+H)+438.2428,found438.2424.
实施例6:
Figure BDA0003008827010000122
向化合物8(65.6mg,0.15mmol)/EtOH(4mL)溶液中,加入2NNaOH(2mL)水溶液。然后室温下反应6小时,蒸去乙醇,再加入2NHCl调整pH值=2-3,用DCM萃取,饱和盐水溶液洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,真空浓缩得到黄色固体HX640(63.0mg,收率99%)。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.19(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.99(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.46(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.30–7.25(m,2H),7.23(s,1H),7.17(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.09(s,1H),3.70(d,J=15.6Hz,2H),1.65(s,4H),1.35(s,3H),1.26(s,3H),1.17(s,3H),1.04(s,3H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ171.5,166.5,148.8,146.1,145.5,142.6,141.0,133.2,130.6,130.0,129.9,128.8,128.5,127.3,126.9,126.4,125.9,124.4,39.1,34.84,34.79,34.4,34.0,31.6.
以上实施例描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征,优点及潜在的应用价值。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明原理的范围下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进均落入本发明保护的范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,包括如下操作:以2-芳基-1H-吲哚1与2-(三甲基硅基)苯基三氟甲磺酸酯2为原料,在氟离子源作用下,反应得到6-苯基-11H-二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓3,反应方程式如下:
Figure FDA0003008827000000011
其中:Ar1、Ar2和Ar3均为苯基、取代苯基、萘基;取代苯基中取代基选自C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C6烷基、C4-C7环烷基、卤素、硝基、腈基或酯基中一种或多种。
2.根据权利要求1所述二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于:所述氟离子源选自CsF、KF、TBAF、NaF、AgF、TBAT、Me4NF或BnMe3NF。
3.根据权利要求2所述二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于:所述氟离子源选自CsF。
4.根据权利要求1所述二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于:反应在有机溶剂中进行,有机溶剂选自THF、CH3OH、CH3CN、CH2Cl2、CHCl3、ClCH2CH2Cl或甲苯。
5.根据权利要求4所述二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于:所述有机溶剂选自CH3CN。
6.根据权利要求1所述二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于:反应在添加剂下进行,添加剂选自K2CO3、Cs2CO3、CsOPiv、Na2CO3、Li2CO3、t-BuOK、K3PO4、LiOAc、18-Crown-6、DBU、DABCO、DIPEA、CsOAc、NaOH或Et3N。
7.根据权利要求6所述二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于:所述添加剂选自18-Crown-6。
8.据权利要求1所述二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于:所述1-H-吲哚1、2-(三甲基硅基)苯基三氟甲磺酸酯2与氟离子源摩尔比为1:2:4。
9.据权利要求1所述二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于:反应温度选自0℃至40℃。
10.据权利要求1-9任意一项所述二苯并[b,e]氮杂卓类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于:反应在空气或惰性氛围下进行。
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