CN1130388C - 用膦亚胺催化剂在双反应器中合成聚乙烯的方法 - Google Patents
用膦亚胺催化剂在双反应器中合成聚乙烯的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1130388C CN1130388C CN99812171A CN99812171A CN1130388C CN 1130388 C CN1130388 C CN 1130388C CN 99812171 A CN99812171 A CN 99812171A CN 99812171 A CN99812171 A CN 99812171A CN 1130388 C CN1130388 C CN 1130388C
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- reactor
- catalyzer
- polymerization
- alkyl
- cyclopentadienyl
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- QLNAVQRIWDRPHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminophosphane Chemical compound P=N QLNAVQRIWDRPHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title abstract description 28
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- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 title description 9
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 title description 9
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 claims description 12
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- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical group [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Natural products P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000000538 pentafluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(*)C(F)=C1F 0.000 description 12
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- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012954 diazonium Substances 0.000 description 7
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- MDCWDBMBZLORER-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl borate Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1OB(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 MDCWDBMBZLORER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011954 Ziegler–Natta catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ZIQCCIAIROIHHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene;boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O.C1=CC=CC=C1 ZIQCCIAIROIHHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OJOWICOBYCXEKR-APPZFPTMSA-N (1S,4R)-5-ethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical compound CC=C1C[C@@H]2C[C@@H]1C=C2 OJOWICOBYCXEKR-APPZFPTMSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylpentane Chemical compound CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- OJJVPGJEBAZOIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3,4,5-tetrafluorophenoxy)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)OC1=CC(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F OJJVPGJEBAZOIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OUHOZBRDLAZZLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenoxy)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)OC1=C(F)C(F)=CC(F)=C1F OUHOZBRDLAZZLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于乙烯溶液(共)聚合的双反应器法,该方法的两个反应器中的任何一个都使用含有膦亚胺配体的催化剂。在优选的实施方案中,在不同温度下操作所述两个反应器,并且/或者使用不同的助催化剂体系(如“铝氧烷”和“离子活化剂”)制备宽分子量分布的线型低密度聚乙烯(“LLDPE”)。本发明的某种LLDPE聚合物具有突出的各种物理性能(高落镖中击强度和剪切强度)、优异的光学性能和优异的加工性能的平衡。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及含膦亚胺配体的催化剂在双反应器中进行乙烯的溶液聚合。
技术背景
所谓的“单活性点(single-site)”催化剂如茂金属催化剂在制备窄分子量分布的聚乙烯中的用途是为人熟知的。此外,用这种催化剂合成的“线型低密度聚乙烯”(或“LLDPE”,一种乙烯和高级α-烯烃的共聚物)一般具有十分均匀的组成分布(也就是说,共聚单体很均匀地分布在聚合物链中)。窄的分子量分布和均匀的组成分布这两个特点,可将这些聚合物与“传统的”LLDPE(商业上用齐格勒-纳塔催化剂或铬催化剂制备)区分开来。具体地说,传统的LLDPE产品具有宽的分子量分布和宽的组成分布。这些组成上的不同使这两种类型的LLDPE聚合物表现出不同的物理性能。最显著的是,用单活性点催化剂合成的LLDPE与“传统”的LLDPE相比具有改进的落镖冲击强度和光学性能。但是,“传统”的LLDPE通常更易在它存在的混合和挤出装置中“加工”。因此,人们非常想要制备具有由单活性点催化剂提供的改进的物理性能的LLDPE产品,并且还具有与传统的LLDPE相似的加工特点。
一个已经使用可达到这个目标的方法是在单一的反应器中使用混合的催化剂体系。例如,美国专利(USP)4,530,914(Ewen等,属于Exxon公司)讲述使用了两种不同的茂金属和美国专利4,701,432(Welborm等,属于Exxon公司)谈到使用载体上的催化剂(由茂金属催化剂和齐格勒-纳塔催化剂制备)。后来,其它的一些专利(如美国专利5,767,031、5,594,078、5,648,428、4,659,685、5,145,818、5,395,810和5,614,456)试图使用类似的混合催化剂体系。
然而,使用“混合”催合剂体系通常牵涉可操作性的问题。例如,在一种载体上使用两种催化剂(如Welborm在美国专利4,701,432中所述)可能有损该方法在控制方面的灵活程度(例如,在使用这种催化剂体系时如果聚合反应不是按所需的方式进行,那么将难以确认应该采取何种补救措施,因为补救措施将一般对两种不同催化剂组分产生不同的作用)。而且,两种不同的催化剂/助催化剂体系可互相干扰—例如,常用于齐格勒-纳塔或铬催化剂体系中的有机铝组分可“毒害”茂金属催化剂。
另一个可选择的方法是在两个不同的聚合反应器中使用两种不同的茂金属催化剂。但是,可预知在这种方法中也存在关于两种不同催化剂之间的相互作用的控制问题。因此,“双反应器”法解决了一些问题,是对本领域的有益补充。
本发明说明
本发明提供了一种中压溶液聚合的方法,其特征在于:
A)在第一个搅拌的聚合反应器中,温度为80到200℃,并且压力为10342至34474KPa[1500至5000磅/平方英尺(psi)],任选用一种或多种C3-12的α-烯烃与乙烯在溶剂中聚合,反应器中还有(a)第3、4或5族金属的有机金属络合物催化剂,其特征在于至少含有一个膦亚胺配体;及(b)含铝氧烷(alumoxane)的助催化剂;然后
B)将所述第一种聚合物溶液转移至第二个搅拌的聚合反应器中并且任选用一种或多种C3-12的α-烯烃与乙烯聚合,在所述第二个搅拌聚合反应器中还有(a)第3、4或5族金属的有机金属络合物催化剂,其特征在于至少含有一个膦亚胺配体;及(b)含离子活化剂的助催化剂。
因此,本发明的方法需要两个溶液聚合反应器及含有膦亚胺配体的催化剂(“膦亚胺催化剂”)。
优选的催化剂是含有一个环戊二烯基配体、一个膦亚胺配体和两个氯负离子配体的钛络合物。相同的膦亚胺催化剂可同时用于两个反应器或选择在两个反应器中使用不同类型的膦亚胺催化剂。优选在两个反应器中都使用相同的催化剂。优选的助催化剂选自含硼的“离子活化剂”及铝氧烷。
因此,在本发明的方法中,第一个反应器中使用的助催化剂体系必须与第二个反应器的不同。此外,优选第二个反应器使用与第一个反应器不同的聚合温度。
最优选第二个反应器的聚合温度比第一个反应器的高(理想的情况是至少比第一个反应器的高25℃)。
依照本发明的优选方法制备的某种LLDPE聚合物显示突出的物理性能、光学性能和“加工性能”的平衡。本领域人员会认识到制造LLDPE薄膜很需要这种平衡的特点。因此,本发明也提供具有落镖冲击强度大于700g/mil(根据ASTM D-1709检测)、雾度小于6%(根据ASTM D-1003检测)、光泽度(45℃)大于65%(根据ASTM D-2457检测)和轴向抗撕性大于300g/mil(根据ASTM D-1922检测)的LLDPE薄膜。
本发明的最佳实施方法
第一部分催化剂的说明
用于本发明的方法中的催化剂是第3、4或5族金属的有机金属络合物,其特征在于含有至少一个膦亚胺配体(下面在1.2中将定义术语膦亚胺)。
可使用任何这种含有膦亚胺配体的有机金属化合物,它对乙烯的聚合具有催化活性。优选的催化剂符合下面的分子式:其中,M是过渡金属,选自Ti、Hf和Zr(如以下的1.1所述);PI是膦亚胺配体(如以下的1.2所述);L是单阴离子配体,它是一种环戊二烯基-类型的配体或是庞大的杂原子配体(如以下的1.3所述);X是可活化配体,最优选简单的单阴离子配体如烷基或卤素负离子(如以下的1.4所述);M是1或2,n是0或1,并且p由金属M的价态决定。
最优选的第一催化剂是处于最高氧化态的第4族的金属络合物。例如,优选的催化剂可以是二氯·双(膦亚胺)合钛、锆或铪的络合物。然而,优选的第一催化剂包含一个膦亚胺配体,一个“L”配体(最优选环戊二烯基-类型的配体)和两个“X”配体(优选均为氯负离子)。
1.1
金属
所述催化剂是第3、4或5族金属的有机金属络合物,其中数字是指IUPAC命名法使用的元素周期表中的列数。优选的金属选自第4族(特别是钛、铪或锆),最优选钛。
1.2
膦亚胺配体
第一催化剂必须包含膦亚胺配体,该配体通过共价键与金属相连。按下面的分子式定义这种配体:其中,每一个R1独立地选自氢原子、卤素原子、C1-20烃基(不被取代或进一步被卤素原子取代)、C1-8烷氧基、C6-10芳基或芳氧基、酰胺基、具有如下的分子式的甲硅烷基:
-Si-(R2)3其中,每一个R2独立地选自氢原子、C1-8烷基或烷氧基、C6-10芳基或芳氧基和具有如下分子式的锗基:
-Ge-(R2)3其中,R2的定义与上面的相同。
优选的膦亚胺是那些每一个R1都是烃基配体。特别优选的膦亚胺是三-(叔丁基)膦亚胺(也就是每一个R1都是叔丁基)。
1.3配体L
优选的第一催化剂是第4族的有机金属络合物,含有一个膦亚胺配体(如上面1.2节所述)及一个配体L(如1.3.1至1.3.6节所述,它或是环戊二烯基-类型的配体,或是杂配体(heteroligand))。
1.3.1环戊二烯基-类型的配体
这里使用术语“环戊二烯基-类型的配体”是表达它传统的含义,也就是指含五个碳原子的环状配体(通过η-5与金属键合)。因此,术语“环戊二烯基-类型”包括未取代的环戊二烯基、取代的环戊二烯基、未取代的茚基、取代的茚基、未取代的芴基和取代的芴基。一个环戊二烯基配体的取代基的示例性例子包括C1-10烃基(未取代或进一步被取代的烃基取代基)、卤素原子、C1-8烷氧基、C6-10芳基或芳氧基、酰胺基(未取代或被最多两个C1-8烷基取代)、酰磷基(phosphido)(未取代或被最多两个C1-8烷基取代)、具有-Si-(R2)3分子式的甲硅烷基(其中每一个R独立地选自氢原子、C1-8烷基或烷氧基、C6-10芳基或芳氧基);具有Ge-(R)3分子式的锗基(其中R的定义与上面的相同)。1.3.2杂配体
这里使用的术语“杂配体”是指至少含一个杂原子的配体,其中,杂原子选自硼原子、氮原子、氧原子、磷原子或硫原子。所述杂配体可通过σ或π键与金属相连。下面从1.3.2.1至1.3.2.6节描述了示例性的杂配体。1.3.2.1 酮酰亚胺配体
这里使用的术语“酮酰亚胺配体”是指具有以下特征的配体:
(a)通过金属-氮原子键与过渡金属键合;
(b)有一个与氮原子相连的单取代基,其中该单取代基是通过双键与氮原子相连的碳原子;和
(c)有两个与所述碳原子相连的取代基(Sub1和Sub2,如下所述)。
下面举例说明条件a、b和c:金属
取代基“Sub1和Sub2”可以相同或者不同。示例性的取代基包括烃基(含有从1到20个碳原子);甲硅烷基、酰胺基和酰磷基。出于对成本和便利性的考虑,优选这些取代基都是烃基,具体地说是简单的烷基,并且最优选叔丁基。1.3.2.2 含硅的杂配体
这种配体用下面的分子式定义:
-(μ)SiRxRyRz其中,-表示与过渡金属相连的键并且μ是硫或氧原子。
为了饱和Si原子的成键轨道,Si原子上需要取代基(也就是Rx、Ry和Rz)。使用任何具体的取代基Rx、Ry或Rz,对本发明的成功与否不是特别重要。优选每一个Rx、Ry和Rz为C1-2的烃基(也就是甲基或乙基),这只是由于这种物质易于由商业可得的原料来合成。1.3.2.3酰胺基配体
术语“酰胺基”是表达它广义、传统的含义。因此,这些配体的特征是:(a)含有金属-氮键,并且(b)在氮原子上存在两个取代基(一般的取代基是简单的烷基或甲硅烷基)。1.3.2.4烷氧基配体
术语“烷氧基”也是表达它传统的含义。因此,这些配体的特征是:(a)含有金属-氧键,并且(b)存在一个与氧原子键合的烃基。所述烃基可以是环状结构和/或取代的(例如,2,6二-叔丁基苯氧基)。1.3.2.5含硼的杂配体
这些配体的特征是在闭环配体中存在硼原子。这个定义包括环上含有氮原子的杂环配体。这些配体是烯烃聚合领域的技术人员所熟知的,并且文献中(参见如美国专利5,637,659、5,554,775和它们所引用的参考文献)详尽地描述了这些配体。1.3.2.6磷茂(phosphole)配体
术语“磷茂”也是表达它传统的含义。“磷茂”具有环状二烯基结构,其特征在于,在闭环上含有四个碳原子并有一个磷原子。最简单的磷茂是C4PH4(类似于环戊二烯,其环上的一个碳原子被磷取代)。所述磷茂配体可被其它基团取代,例如,C1-20烃基(任选含有卤素取代基)、酰磷基、酰胺基、甲硅烷基或烷氧基。烯烃聚合领域的技术人员都熟知磷茂,并且在如美国专利5,434,116(Sone,属于Tosoh公司)有详尽的描述。1.4可活化配体
术语“可活化配体”指可被助催化剂活化的配体(也是指它可用作“活化剂”),它使烯烃容易聚合。示例性的可活化配体分别选自自氢原子、卤素原子、C1-10烃基、C1-10烷氧基、C5-10芳氧基;每个所述的烃基、烷氧基和芳氧基可为未取代或进一步被其它基团取代,其它基团是卤素原子、C1-8烷基、C1-8烷氧基、C6-10芳基或芳氧基、酰胺基(未取代或被最多两个C1-8烷基取代)、酰磷基(未取代或被最多两个C1-8烷基取代)。
可活化配体的数目由金属的价态和可活化配体的价态决定。优选的催化剂的金属是最高氧化态(也就是4+)的第4族金属,并且优选的可活化配体是单阴离子(如卤素负离子—特别是氯负离子或烷基—特别是甲基)。因此,优选的催化剂含有与第4族金属键合的一个膦亚胺配体、一个环戊二烯基配体和两个氯负离子(或甲基)配体。在某些情况下,催化剂的金属组分可以不处于最高氧化态。例如,钛(III)组份只含一个可活化配体。1.5优选催化剂的概述
正如前面所述,优选的催化剂是最高氧化态的有机金属络合物,它含有一个膦亚胺配体、一个环戊二烯基-类型的配体和两个可活化配体。下面用分子式简明地描述对优选的催化剂的要求:其中,(a)M是选自钛、铪和锆的金属;(b)PI是按下面的分子式定义的膦亚胺配体:其中每一个R1独立地选自氢原子、卤素原子、C1-20烃基(未取代或进一步被卤素原子取代)、C1-8烷氧基、C6-10芳基或芳氧基、酰胺基、具有如下的分子式的甲硅烷基:
-Si-(R2)3其中每一个R2独立地选自氢原子、C1-8烷基或烷氧基、C6-10芳基或芳氧基和具有如下的分子式的锗基:
Ge-(R2)3其中R2的定义与上面的相同;(c)L选自环戊二烯基、取代的环戊二烯基、茚基、取代的茚基、芴基和取代的芴基;(d)X是可活化配体,并且其中:m是1,n是1和p是2。2.助催化剂的说明
在前面部分1中描述的催化剂组分与至少一种助催化剂(或“活化剂”)结合使用,形成一个用于烯烃聚合的活化的催化剂体系,这将在下面2.1、2.2和23中更加详细地说明。2.1 铝氧烷
所述铝氧烷可能是下面的结构:
(R4)2AlO(R4AlO)mAl(R4)2其中每个R4独立地选自C1-20烃基并且m是从0到50,优选R4是C1-4烃基并且m是从5到30。优选的铝氧烷是甲基铝氧烷(或“MAO”,其中每个R是甲基)。
用铝氧烷做为助催化剂,特别是用作茂金属催化剂的助催化剂已广为人知。铝氧烷也是商业中易得的材料。
使用铝氧烷助催化剂通常要求在催化剂中铝与过渡金属的摩尔比率为20∶1至1000∶1。优选的比率为50∶1至250∶1。2.2“离子活化剂”助催化剂
所谓“离子活化剂”也是广为人知的茂金属催化剂的助催化剂。例如,参看美国专利5,198,401(Hlatky和Tumer)和美国专利5,132,380(Stevens和Neithamer)。
由于不想被任何理论所束缚,本领域技术人员认为最初是“离子活化剂”引发一个或多个可活化配体的夺取反应,该反应是将所述催化剂离子化成为阳离子,然后提供一个庞大的、不稳定的、非配位的阴离子,该阴离子能稳定处于阳离子态的催化剂。庞大的、非配位的阴离子使得烯烃聚合在阳离子催化剂中心进行(可假定由于非配位的阴离子过于不稳定而无法被催化剂配位的单体取代)。优选的离子活化剂是含硼的离子活化剂,下面在(i)-(iii)中进行说明。
(i)符合分子式[R5]+[B(R7)4]-的化合物,其中B是硼原子,R5是芳烃基(例如三苯基甲基阳离子),每个R7分独立地选自苯基(未取代或被3到5个氟取代基取代)、C1-4烷基或烷氧基(未取代或被氟原子取代)和符合分子式-Si-(R9)3的甲硅烷基,其中每个R9独立地选自氢原子和C1-4烷基;和
(ii)符合分子式[(R8)tZH]+[B(R7)4]-的化合物,其中B是硼原子,H是氢原子,Z是氮原子或磷原子,t是2或3并且R8选自C1-8烷基、苯基(未取代或被最多3个C1-4烷基取代),或者一个R8与氮原子一起鎓(anilinium)形成苯胺,和R7的定义与上面的相同。
(iii)符合分子式B(R7)3的化合物,其中R7的定义与上面的相同。
在上述的化合物中,优选R7为五氟苯基,和R5是三苯基甲基阳离子,Z是氮原子,R8是C1-4烷基,或者R8与氮原子一起形成被两个C1-4烷基取代的苯胺鎓。
“离子活化剂”能够夺取一个或多个可活化配体,以至将催化剂中心离子化变成阳离子,但是不能与催化剂形成共价键,以及在催化剂和离子化的活化剂之间没有足够的距离,使得可聚合的烯烃不能进入所得的活化中心。
示例性的离子活化剂包括:四苯基硼三乙基铵、四苯基硼三丙基铵、四苯基硼三(正丁基)铵、四(对甲苯基)硼三甲基铵、四(邻甲苯基)硼三甲基铵、四(五氟苯基)硼三丁基铵、四(邻、对-二甲基苯基)硼三丙基铵、四(间、间二甲苯基)硼三正丁基铵、四(对三氟甲基苯基)硼三丁基铵、四(五氟苯基)硼三丁基铵、四(邻甲苯基)硼三(正丁基)铵、四苯基硼N,N-二甲基苯胺、四苯基硼N,N-二乙基苯胺、四(苯基)正丁基硼N,N-二乙基苯胺、四(苯基)硼N,N-2,4,6-五甲基苯胺、四(五氟化苯基)硼二-(异丙基)铵、四(苯基)硼二环己基铵、四苯基硼三苯基鏻、四苯基硼三(甲基苯基)鏻、四苯基硼三(二甲基苯基)鏻、四(五氟化苯基)硼酸tropillium、四(五氟苯基)硼酸三苯基甲鎓(triphenylmethylium)、四(五氟苯基)硼酸苯(重氮鎓)(diazonium)、苯基三(五氟苯基)硼酸tropillium、苯基三(五氟苯基)硼酸三苯基甲鎓、苯基三(五氟苯基)硼酸苯(重氮鎓)、四(2,3,5,6-四氟苯基)硼酸tropillium、四(2,3,5,6-四氟苯基)硼酸三苯基甲鎓、四(3,4,5-三氟苯基)硼酸苯(重氮鎓)、四(3,4,5-三氟苯基)硼酸tropillium、四(3,4,5-三氟苯基)苯(重氮鎓)、四(1,2,2-三氟乙烯基)硼酸tropillium、四(1,2,2-三氟乙烯基)硼酸三苯基甲鎓、四(1,2,2-三氟乙烯基)硼酸苯(重氮鎓)、四(2,3,4,5-四氟苯基)硼酸tropillium、四(2,3,4,5-四氟苯基)硼酸三苯基甲鎓和四(2,3,4,5-四氟苯基)硼酸苯(重氮鎓)。
商业上容易获得的离子活化剂包括:四(五氟苯基)硼酸N,N-二甲基苯胺鎓、四(五氟苯基)硼酸三苯基甲鎓和三(五氟苯基)硼烷。2.3助催化剂体系
在第一个反应器中必须使用铝氧烷并且在第二个反应器中必须使用离子活化剂。但是,允许在每个反应器中都使用铝氧烷和离子活化剂,因此,使用术语“助催化剂体系”来表达这种选择。更具体地是,优选在两个反应器中都使用铝氧烷,因为通常认为铝氧烷是非常好的“毒物净化剂”(也就是说,一般认为铝氧烷可减弱反应器中污染物的有害的影响)。
两个反应器使用不同的助催化剂体系。如果两个反应器都使用含硼的“离子活化剂”和铝氧烷,那么在两个反应器中使用不同摩尔比的两种催化剂就可满足两个反应器中使用不同的助催化剂体系的要求(如实施例中举例说明)。我们发现在反应器中使用不同的助催化剂体系可提供本领域人员容易使用的制备过程的控制选项,通过本发明的方法调节制备的聚合物的分子量范围。3.双反应器溶液聚合方法的说明
乙烯的溶液(共)聚合的方法是本领域所熟知的。这些方法是在惰性烃类溶剂存在下进行,典型的烃类溶剂是未取代或被C1-4烷基取代的C5-12烃,例如戊烷、甲基戊烷、己烷、庚烷、辛烷、环己烷、甲基环己烷和氢化石脑油。适合溶剂的例子是商业上可得的“Isopar E”(C8-12脂族溶剂,Exxon化学公司)。
本发明的溶液聚合方法必须使用至少两个聚合反应器。优选第一个聚合反应器在较低的温度下操作(“冷反应器”),它使用前面第一部分描述的“膦亚胺催化剂”。
第一个反应器的聚合反应温度是从大约80℃到大约180℃(优选从大约120℃到大约160℃)并且优选热反应器在较高的温度下操作(高达大约220℃)。最优选的反应方法是“中压法”,意思是优选每个反应器中的压力低于大约42,000千帕斯卡或千帕(大约6,000psi),最优选从大约14,000到22,000千帕(大约2,000到3,000psi)。
用于与乙烯共聚合的适合的单体包括C3-20的单烯属烃和二烯属烃。优选的共聚单体包括未取代或被最多两个C1-6烷基取代的C3-12α-烯烃,未取代或被最多两个选自C1-4烷基取代基取代的C8-12乙烯基芳族单体,未取代或被C1-4烷基取代的C4-12直链或环状二烯属烃。示例性而非限定性的这种α-烯烃的例子选自一种或多种丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯和1-癸烯、苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯及受限环(constrained-ring)的环状烯烃(如环丁烯、环戊烯、二环戊二烯、降冰片烯,烷基取代的降冰片烷、链烯基取代的降冰片烷等(如5-亚甲基-2-降冰片烯、5-亚乙基-2-降冰片烯和二环-(2,2,1)-庚-2,5-二烯))。
依照本发明可制备的聚乙烯聚合物是各种LLDPE,其一般包含不低于60,优选不低于75%(重量)的乙烯并且剩余的部分是一种或多种C4-10α-烯烃,优选选自1-丁烯、1-己烯和1-辛烯。依照本发明制备的聚乙烯可以是密度从大约0.910到0.935g/cc的LLDPE或者是密度大于0.935g/cc的(线型)高密度聚乙烯。本发明也可用于制备密度低于0.910g/cc的聚乙烯-即所谓的极低和甚低密度聚乙烯。
通常α-烯烃的存在量可为大约3到30%(重量),优选大约4到25%(重量)。
本发明也可用于制备乙烯、丙烯和任选一种或多种二烯单体的共聚合物和三元聚合物。通常,这种聚合物包含大约50到大约75%(重量)的乙烯,优选包含大约50到60%(重量)的乙烯并且相应地包含50到25%(重量)的丙烯。一部分单体,一般为丙烯单体可被共扼二烯取代。虽然二烯的存在量可为大约3到5%(重量),但至高可达10%(重量)。产物聚合物可以是一种组合物,包含40到75%(重量)的乙烯、50到15%(重量)的丙烯和最多10%(重量)的二烯单体(以聚合物的含量为100%(重量)计算)。优选(但非限定的)二烯的例子是二聚环戊二烯,1,4-己二烯、5-亚甲基-2-降冰片烯、5-亚乙基-2-降冰片烯和5-乙烯基-2-降冰片烯,特别是5-亚乙基-2-降冰片烯和1,4-己二烯。
在将单体进料至第一个反应器之前,可将其溶解/分散于所述溶剂中(或者如果单体是气体,可将它通入所述反应器中,因此它将溶于反应混合物中)。在混合之前,通常要将所述溶剂和单体纯化以除去可能的类似水、氧气或金属杂质的催化剂毒物。所述原料的纯化按照本领域的标准方法进行,例如使用分子筛、氧化铝床和除氧催化剂纯化单体。所述溶剂本身(例如甲基戊烷、环己烷、己烷或甲苯)也优选用类似的方法处理。
在将所述原料进料至第一个反应器之前,可将其加热或冷却。另外的单体和溶剂可装入第二个反应器中,并且可将反应器加热或冷却。
通常,所述催化剂组分可在反应溶剂中预先混合或者作为单独的流加到每个反应器中。在一些情况下是需要对其进行预混,这样在将所述催化剂组分装入反应器之前为其提供一段反应时间。许多以杜邦加拿大公司申请的专利对这种“在线混合”技术进行了描述(例如美国专利5,589,555,授权于1996年11月31日)。
在每个反应器中的停留时间由所述反应器的设计和容量决定。通常,所述反应器应按工艺条件操作以将反应物充分混合。此外,优选20到60%(重量)的产物聚合物是在第一个反应器中聚合,同时剩余部分在第二个反应器中聚合。在聚合物离开反应器系统时除去所述溶剂并且将产物聚合物用传统方法加工。
在较优选的实施方案中,第一个聚合反应器与第二个聚合反应器相比具有较小的体积。此外,优选第一个聚合反应器比第二个聚合反应器的操作温度低。某种依照较优选的条件制备的LLDPE聚合物具有优异的性能。更具体地说,下面的实施例举例说明的乙烯-辛烷类型的LLDPE聚合物具有优异的冲击强度和撕裂性能,同时仍保持好的光学性能(该性能是用茂金属催化剂制备的LLDPE的特性)并且显示出良好的加工性能(该性能是用传统的齐格勒-纳塔催化剂制备的LLDPE的特性)。
实施例
所述实施例举例说明了乙烯和辛烷在中压下的连续溶液共聚合。本发明的实施例使用的第一个反应器是在相对较低的温度下进行操作(见表1)。第一个反应器的压力是大约17,000kPa(大约2.5×103psi),并且第二个反应器的压力在一定程度上较低(有利于物料从第一个反应器流入第二个反应器中)。所述物料从这个反应器流入较大的第二个反应器中。(在对照实施例中,仅使用第二个反应器)。
第一个反应器的体积是12升并且第二个反应器的体积是24升。两个反应器都进行搅拌,确保反应器中的物料能充分搅拌。
本方法的所有进料流(即溶剂(甲基戊烷);单体和催化剂体系)都是连续添加的并且在将反应产物移出的过程中,在将单体通过传统的进料生产系统加入反应器之前,将单体纯化(如与各种吸收介质接触以除去如水、氧气和极性污染物)。
按照表1中所示的流速将反应器的物料泵入到反应器中。乙烯和辛烷的流量直接用kg/hr描述并且总进料量(kg/hr)还包括所述溶剂。
所有实施例中使用的催化剂是钛(IV)络合物,该络合物含有一个环戊二烯基配体、两个氯配体和一个三(叔丁基)膦亚胺配体(表1示为“CpTiNP(tBu)3Cl2”)。表1中显示了进料到反应器中的催化剂的用量(用钛的摩尔数表示)。
所述助催化剂是商业可得的铝氧烷和商业上可得的硼酸盐。更具体地说,应用于实施例1-C的是异丁基铝氧烷(购自Akzo-Nobel,其商品名是“IBAO-65”,表1示为“IBAO”);应用于实施例2、3和4的是甲基铝氧烷(购自Akzo-Nobel,其商品名是“MMAO-7”,表1示为“MAO”)及应用于所有实施例的是四(五氟苯基)硼酸三苯基甲鎓(购自Asahi Glass,表1示为“Ph3CB(C6F5)4”)。表1给出了进料到每个反应器中的铝氧烷和硼酸盐的用量,并以与所述催化剂中所含的钛的摩尔比表示。(例如,表1显示实施例2是在反应器1中钛浓度为0.35微摩尔,足量的铝氧烷使得Al/Ti的比例为80/1和足量的硼酸盐使得B/Ti的比例为0.65/1。
表2显示了所得的LLDPE产物的物理性能。表2也包括用来对照的商业可得的乙烯-辛烷LLDPE(由传统的齐格勒-纳塔催化剂生产,NOVA化学公司以商品名为“SCLAIR 11 L1”出售)的数据。
聚合物的性能使用下述的方法测试:
熔体指数(“MI”)的测定按照ASTM D-1238的方法进行。
聚合物的密度使用ASTM D-1928测定。
分子量用凝胶色谱法(GPC)分析,其中使用的仪器以商品名“Waters 150c”出售,在140℃以1,2,4-三氯苯为流动相。将所述聚合物溶于这种溶剂中来制备样品并且不经过滤直接使用。分子量以聚乙烯的当量来表示,其中数均分子量(“Mn”)的相对标准误差为2.9%并且重均分子量(“Mw”)的相对标准误差为5.0%。
薄膜的性能用下述的测试方法测定:
雾度 (ASTM D-1003);
光泽度 (ASTM D-2457);
轴向和横向抗撕性 (ASTM D-1922);和
落镖冲击强度 (ASTM D-1709)
表1
实施例 | 1C | 2 | 3 | 4 |
反应器1 | ||||
乙烯进料量(kg/hr) | - | 45 | 40 | 45 |
1-辛烷进料量(kg/hr) | - | 20 | 60 | 45 |
氢气进料量(kg/hr) | - | 0 | 0 | 0.6 |
平均温度(℃) | - | 140 | 155 | 140 |
总进料量(kg/hr) | - | 380 | 300 | 400 |
Ti含量(微摩尔) | - | 0.35 | 1.6 | 1.55 |
Al/Ti(摩尔/摩尔) | - | 80 | 80 | 80 |
B/Ti(摩尔/摩尔) | - | 0.65 | 0 | 0.14 |
反应器2 | ||||
乙烯进料量(kg/hr) | 80 | 45 | 45 | 45 |
1-辛烷进料量(kg/hr) | 55 | 40 | 55 | 55 |
平均温度(℃) | 163 | 170 | 185 | 177 |
总进料量(kg/hr) | 703 | 780 | 630 | 730 |
Ti含量(微摩尔) | 0.5 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.1 |
Al/Ti(摩尔/摩尔) | 100 | 40 | 40 | 40 |
B/Ti(摩尔/摩尔) | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
物理性能
表2
注意产物1到4是得自实施例1-4(表1)和产物5是对照物,它是以商品名SCLAIR 11 L1出售的商品1-辛烯LLDPE。
产品 | 1-C | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
聚合物性能 | |||||
熔体指数(12) | 0.82 | 0.68 | 0.66 | 0.78 | 0.75 |
熔体流动比例(121/12) | 16.75 | 24.99 | 42.94 | 32.37 | - |
应力指数 | 1.15 | 1.25 | 1.37 | 1.31 | 1.32 |
密度 | 0.9166 | 0.9196 | 0.9089 | 0.9138 | 0.919 |
Mw/Mn | 1.84 | 2.98 | 4.60 | 4.84 | - |
工艺条件
表3
产品 | 1-C | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
工艺条件 | |||||
产量(lb/hr) | 15.3 | 15.3 | 15.1 | 14.9 | 15.2 |
熔点(℃) | 211 | 210 | 209 | 209 | 210 |
压头(KPa)(psi) | 29085(4155) | 27335(3905) | 22470(3210) | 22785(3255) | 23450(3350) |
发动机载荷(安培) | 18.9 | 16.8 | 14.9 | 15.2 | 16.9 |
薄膜性能
表4
产品 | 1-C | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
薄膜性能 | |||||
厚度(mil) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
落镖冲击强度(g/mil) | >1000 | 746 | >1000 | >1000 | 236 |
轴向抗撕性(g/mil) | 246 | 413 | 345 | 456 | 452 |
横向抗撕性(d/mil) | 340 | 526 | 436 | 520 | 594 |
雾度(%) | 4 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 2.6 | 8.2 |
45光泽度 | 78.6 | 74.8 | 67 | 80.3 | 65.5 |
实施例1-C的对照LLDPE具有非常窄的分子量分布或者“MWD”(其中MWD=Mw/Mn)。本发明实施例2到4的LLDPE树脂的MWD值在2.98到4.84之间(1-C为1.84)。然后使用对照和本发明的LLDPE来制备单层聚乙烯薄膜。
所述薄膜用传统的吹塑薄膜生产线生产,该生产线仅使用一个螺杆直径为1.5英寸的单螺杆挤出机进料。所述挤出机用电动马达驱动。在所有的挤压过程中加入传统的添加剂(抗氧化剂和加工助剂)。挤出物压入环状模具中,其中模具的直径为三英寸并且模口间隙为35mil。生产薄膜时使用的吹涨比为2.5∶1。表3显示了其它的工艺条件(产量、压头和发动机载荷)。由传统的、商业可得的LLDPE生产出薄膜(“产品5”),其目的是举例说明传统LLDPE树脂的工艺条件及所得的单层薄膜的物理性能。参考表3,我们可见到,用来驱动挤出机的所需能量是以16.9安培载荷(马达的载荷)来表示,此时生产薄膜的产量为每小时15.2lbs。生产实施例1-C的产品所需的电能为18.9安培,此时产量为15.3lbs/hr(当挤出分子量分布窄的LLDPE时,通常使用较高能量)。因此,实施例1-C的LLDPE比实施例5的商业可得的LLDPE具有更差的“加工性能”(如电动马达的载荷所示)。
本发明的实施例2,3和4的LLDPE具有与商业可得的LLDPE相似的加工性能。我们相信这种适合的结果是由于实施例2-4的LLDPE具有相对宽的分子量分布,同时不希望大家束缚于这种理论。
表4显示了所述薄膜的物理性能。表4表明对照薄膜1-C具有优异的落镖冲击强度。相反,所述“传统”薄膜5具有低的落镖冲击强度(236g/mil相对于>1000g/mil)。然而,传统薄膜5的“抗撕性”(包括“轴向”或“MD”撕裂和“横向”或“TD”撕裂)都优于薄膜1-C的抗撕性。
因此,由传统LLDPE生产的薄膜(薄膜5)与由对照实施例1-C的分子量分布窄的LLDPE生产薄膜相比的具有较差的落镖冲击强度,但是它具有较好的抗撕性。
令人惊奇地是,由本发明的LLDPE生产的薄膜(薄膜2,3和4)既具有优异的落镖冲击强度又有极好的抗撕性。因此,本发明的薄膜保持了所需的“传统”薄膜和“分子量分布窄的”薄膜的物理性能。因而,本发明的LLDPE也可用于生产性能优异的单层薄膜。本发明的这些LLDPE也适用于其它的薄膜组合物中(例如用作单层或多层薄膜的面层组份(blind component),或用作多层薄膜中的一层)。
更令人惊奇地是,本发明薄膜2-4也显示具有“分子量分布窄”的薄膜1-C的非常需要的光学性能(也就是,低的“雾度”和高的“光泽度”)。最值得注意地是,在表3的所有薄膜中本发明薄膜4具有最佳的光学性能。
工业应用性
按照本发明生产的聚乙烯具有各项物理性能和加工性能的突出的平衡。所述聚乙烯可用于生产范围广泛的各种加工产品包括薄膜、滚塑部件、吹塑成型商品、挤压成型商品和注射成型商品。
Claims (8)
1.一种中压溶液聚合的方法,其特征在于:A)在第一个搅拌的聚合反应器中,温度为80到200℃并且压力为10342至34474KPa,任选用一种或多种C3-12的α-烯烃与乙烯在溶剂中聚合,反应器中还有(a)第3、4或5族金属的有机金属络合物催化剂,其特征在于至少含有一个膦亚胺配体;和(b)含铝氧烷的助催化剂;和B) 将所述的第一聚合物溶液转移至第二个搅拌的聚合反应器中并任选用一种或多种C3-12的α-烯烃与乙烯聚合,在所述第二个搅拌的聚合反应器中还有(a)第3、4或5族金属的有机金属络合物催化剂,其特征在于至少含有一个膦亚胺配体;和(b)含离子活化剂的助催化剂。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述第二个聚合反应器的聚合温度比所述第一个反应器的高。
其中:(a)M是选自钛、铪和锆的金属;(b)PI是由以下分子式定义的膦亚胺配体:其中每一个R1独立地选自氢原子、卤素原子、未取代或进一步被卤素原子取代的C1-20烃基、C1-8烷氧基、C6-10芳基或芳氧基、酰胺基、具有以下分子式的甲硅烷基:
-Si-(R2)3其中每一个R2独立地选自氢原子、C1-8烷基或烷氧基、C6-10芳基或芳氧基和具有如下分子式的锗基:Ge-(R2)3其中R2的定义与上面的相同(c)L是选自环戊二烯基、取代的环戊二烯基、茚基、取代的茚基、芴基、取代的芴基的配体;(d)X是可活化配体,并且其中;m是1;n是1并且p是2。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中所述催化剂定义为所述M是1个并且PI是三烷基膦亚胺;n是1并且L选自未取代的环戊二烯基、取代的环戊二烯基、未取代的茚基和取代的茚基;p是2并且每个X独立地选自(a)由从1至10个碳原子的烷基;和(b)卤素负离子。
5.权利要求4的方法,其中所述催化剂是二氯·三(叔丁基)膦亚胺·环戊二烯基合钛。
6.权利要求1的方法制备的乙烯和至少一种C3-12α-烯烃的共聚物。
7.权利要求6的共聚物,其密度为0.910至0.935g/cc。
8.权利要求7的共聚物,其中所述至少一种C3-12α-烯烃包括1-辛烯。
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1998
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1999
- 1999-07-28 EP EP99934425A patent/EP1114071A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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- 1999-07-28 JP JP2000566316A patent/JP4343442B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1999-07-28 CN CN99812171A patent/CN1130388C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-28 AU AU50222/99A patent/AU5022299A/en not_active Abandoned
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KR100605791B1 (ko) | 2006-08-01 |
WO2000011048A1 (en) | 2000-03-02 |
BR9913083B1 (pt) | 2010-11-16 |
JP2002523531A (ja) | 2002-07-30 |
JP4343442B2 (ja) | 2009-10-14 |
US6372864B1 (en) | 2002-04-16 |
KR20010072704A (ko) | 2001-07-31 |
BR9913083A (pt) | 2001-05-15 |
CN1328578A (zh) | 2001-12-26 |
CA2245375C (en) | 2006-08-15 |
AU5022299A (en) | 2000-03-14 |
EP1114071A1 (en) | 2001-07-11 |
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