CN112997934B - Method for promoting fertility improvement of stichopus japonicus parents - Google Patents
Method for promoting fertility improvement of stichopus japonicus parents Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/30—Culture of aquatic animals of sponges, sea urchins or sea cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides a method for promoting the fertility improvement of stichopus japonicus parents, which belongs to the technical field of stichopus japonicus parent cultivation and comprises the following steps: s1, collecting, catching, screening and transporting the sea cucumbers; s2, after the breeding seeds are put in, injecting nano oxygen into the aquaculture water body to enable the dissolved oxygen content of the aquaculture water body to reach 30-35mg/L, and continuously cultivating in a high-level nano oxygen environment; s3, feeding the enhanced feed into the aquaculture water body, and maintaining the high-level nano-oxygen environment of S2 at the natural temperature for 50-60 days until the water temperature is reduced to 2-3 ℃; s4, carrying out programmed temperature rise ripening of the seed breeding under the high-level nano oxygen environment to promote gonad development of the seed breeding; s5, stimulating the parent ginseng to lay eggs and discharge sperms by adopting a mode of alternately injecting high-dissolved-oxygen running water and low-dissolved-oxygen running water for 30min on the next day of natural sperms discharge of the male ginseng; s6, collecting eggs, and finishing the cultivation of the stichopus japonicus parent. The method can effectively improve the fertility of the breeding seeds and promote the physical health of the breeding seeds, and has strong stress resistance, easy operation and easy popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of stichopus japonicus parent cultivation, in particular to a method for promoting the fertility improvement of stichopus japonicus parents.
Background
Stichopus japonicus (Apostichopus japonicus Selenka) belongs to Echinodermata (Echinodermata), apostichopus japonicus (Holothuroidea), apostichopus japonicus (Stichopodidae), apostichopus japonicus (Apostichopus), and has high nutritional, health-care and medical values. The stichopus japonicus breeding industry is a prop industry of coastal fishery economy in north China, after 2000 years, the artificial ripening technology of stichopus japonicus is gradually established, the stichopus japonicus is cultivated indoors, and the growth of the gonads of the stichopus japonicus is promoted by manually regulating and controlling conditions such as temperature, illumination, nutrition and the like. In recent years, with the increasing demand of people and the increasing harvesting strength, the resource amount of the stichopus japonicus is sharply reduced. The exhaustion of natural resources and the increasing market demand stimulate the rapid development of the artificial cultivation of stichopus japonicus. In recent years, the cultivation scale of stichopus japonicus is continuously enlarged, and the stichopus japonicus breeding industry is also continuously developed.
At present, most of the stichopus japonicus breeding in the stichopus japonicus breeding industry is selected from pond breeding, and the stichopus japonicus breeding under the pond breeding condition has the advantages which are incomparable to wild stichopus japonicus breeding, particularly in the aspects of breeding modes, catching modes and the like. The maturing method of the stichopus japonicus seeds in production generally adopts the processes of collecting and catching the stichopus japonicus seeds in advance, temporarily culturing the stichopus japonicus seeds in a cement pond, gradually raising the temperature and the like, and simultaneously strengthens the nutrition of the stichopus japonicus seeds to promote the maturation of the stichopus japonicus seeds, and the key principle is to meet the temperature and the nutrition required by the gonad development of the stichopus japonicus seeds.
However, most of the seedlings have the problems of germplasm degeneration, poor stress resistance, low survival rate of later-stage seedlings, slow growth speed and the like at different degrees, particularly the problems of low egg laying amount, fertilized egg quality, hatchability and the like, and the development of the stichopus japonicus breeding industry is directly limited. Therefore, a method for efficiently improving the breeding force of the collected breeding seeds in the pond is urgently needed to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a method for promoting the fertility of stichopus japonicus parents, which adopts high-level nano oxygen to be matched with accurate nutritional additives for supply in the cultivation period and the ripening period, and adopts ultrahigh dissolved oxygen and low dissolved oxygen to perform alternate stimulation in the propagation promoting period, so that the fertility of stichopus japonicus can be effectively improved, the physique health of the stichopus japonicus can be promoted, and the stress resistance is strong.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows.
A method for promoting the fertility of stichopus japonicus parents to be improved comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting and culturing stichopus japonicus in a culture pond with a plurality of regions with water temperature of 12-13 ℃ as seed sea;
s2, after the breeding seeds are put into the aquaculture water body, injecting nano oxygen into the aquaculture water body, and increasing the dissolved oxygen content of the aquaculture water body at a speed of 5 mg/L.h to enable the dissolved oxygen content of the aquaculture water body to reach 30-35mg/L, and continuously cultivating in a high-level nano oxygen environment;
s3, feeding the enhanced feed into the aquaculture water body, and maintaining the high-level nano-oxygen environment of S2 at the natural temperature for 50-60 days until the water temperature is reduced to 2-3 ℃;
the reinforced feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60-80% of sea mud, 8-10% of fish meal, 10-15% of sargassum thunbergii powder, 15-20% of sargassum powder, 3-5% of spirulina powder and 1% of compound vitamin;
s4, performing programmed temperature rise and ripening of the seed breeding programs under the high-level nano oxygen environment of the S2 to promote the gonad development of the seed breeding programs;
s5, stimulating the parent ginseng to lay eggs and discharge sperms by adopting a mode of alternately injecting high-dissolved-oxygen running water and low-dissolved-oxygen running water for 30min on the next day of natural sperms discharge of the male ginseng;
wherein the content of nano oxygen in the high dissolved oxygen flowing water is 30-35mg/L; the content of the nano oxygen of the low dissolved oxygen flowing water is 5-6mg/L;
s6, collecting eggs, and finishing the cultivation of the stichopus japonicus parents.
Furthermore, in S1, after harvesting, screening is needed, and individuals with the weight of 200g +/-5 g are obtained.
Furthermore, in S2, the breeding density of the breeding seeds reaches 40-50 heads/m 3 。
Further, in S2, the water temperature of the aquaculture water body is 11-12 ℃.
Further, in S3, the reinforced feed also comprises a reinforced additive, and the additive amount of the reinforced additive in the reinforced feed is 1%; the reinforcing additive is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 10% of vitamin E, 10% of phospholipid, 0.05% of folic acid and 79.95% of carrier.
Further, the carrier is polycrystalline cellulose or degummed kelp powder.
And further, continuously feeding the reinforced feed in the steps S4 to S5.
Further, in S4, the specific operation process of the parameter programming warming and ripening is as follows:
keeping for 2-3 days in the high-level nano oxygen environment of S2 when the water temperature reaches 2-3 ℃; raising the temperature to 1 ℃ every day until the water temperature reaches 6 ℃, and culturing for 7 days at constant temperature; then raising the temperature by 0.5 ℃ every day until the water temperature reaches 10 ℃, and culturing for 7 days at constant temperature; thereafter, the temperature was raised by 0.3 ℃ daily until the water temperature reached 16 ℃ and the incubation was continued at 16 ℃.
Further, in S6, the timing of egg collection was selected at 18 pm: 00 and keeping the water temperature at 18-20 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method adopts small-size breeding seeds harvested in a non-wild way, and has the advantages of low cost, controllable parents, traceability, high breeding efficiency and the like which cannot be compared with the traditional mode.
2. The method adopts high-level nano oxygen to match with the supply of the accurate nutrition additive in the cultivation period and the ripening period, improves the accumulation efficiency of nutrient substances, fully utilizes the nutrition accumulation period of breeding of the breeding seeds, ensures that the breeding seeds with low weight accumulate more breeding nutrition, and achieves the breeding efficiency of the breeding seeds with large size. Meanwhile, compared with liquid oxygen, the nano oxygen can reach higher water body dissolved oxygen content without causing rapid change of water temperature.
3. The method adopts programmed temperature rise during the maturing period to ensure that the water temperature is gradually increased in a planned way so as to promote the gonad development of the seed breeding seeds. And high-quality feed with rich nutrient contents is used as fortified feed, and the fortified feed is added with fortified additives, so that nutrient accumulation of the gonads of the breeding seeds is improved while nutrient substances are quickly accumulated, and the gonad development of the breeding seeds is further promoted.
4. In the propagation promoting period, the invention adopts the alternate stimulation of ultrahigh dissolved oxygen and low dissolved oxygen. Compared with the traditional spawning induction mode, the stress caused by other stimulation (injection, shade drying and the like) is reduced, the quality of the fertilized eggs is obviously improved, and the hatching rate is obviously improved. Compared with the method of stimulating the spawning with extremely low dissolved oxygen, the stress stimulation to the breeding seeds is also reduced.
5. The method provided by the invention aims at low-weight stichopus japonicus collected in a pond, and provides a stichopus japonicus parent breeding method which can efficiently improve the reproductive capacity of the stichopus japonicus, promote the generation of healthy physique of the stichopus japonicus and has strong stress resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the programmed cultivation, ripening and spawning promotion in the method provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a bar graph of the difference of gonadal indexes of the stichopus japonicus bred by the conventional method.
FIG. 3 is a bar graph comparing the discharge rate of hastening parturition of stichopus japonicus processed by the embodiment of the present invention with that of stichopus japonicus cultivated by the conventional method.
FIG. 4 is a bar graph comparing the oviposition of stichopus japonicus processed by the embodiment of the present invention with that of stichopus japonicus cultivated by the conventional method.
FIG. 5 is a bar graph comparing the hatchability of fertilized eggs of stichopus japonicus species treated by the present invention and the stichopus japonicus species cultured by the conventional method.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for promoting the fertility improvement of parent stichopus japonicus comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting, screening and transporting ginseng seeds
Collecting and culturing stichopus japonicus in a plurality of culture ponds with the water temperature of 12-13 ℃ as stichopus japonicus seeds; after harvesting the breeding seeds, screening the breeding seeds and obtaining individuals with the weight of 200g +/-5 g.
S1.1, collecting and catching the ginseng: the artificial temperature rise seedling raising needs to adopt the stichopus japonicus for artificial temperature rise cultivation in advance to promote the gonads of the stichopus japonicus to mature, and the stichopus japonicus cultivated in the stichopus japonicus cultivating pond with more than 3 regions is cultivated in the original parents as different geographical groups when the temperature of seawater in the stichopus japonicus cultivating pond reaches 12-13 ℃ in 11 months each year. The diver diving catches, hands, tools, ships and containers cannot be stained with oil stains, the diver lightly holds the device each time, the number of the divers caught in one time is not too large, and the divers are prevented from being squeezed by each other to cause dirtiness of the parent sea cucumbers. The caught seeds should be placed in a shade with good water quality and kept at a low temperature to prevent the direct irradiation of sunlight to cause stimulation.
S1.2, screening of the breeding seeds: the screening of the ginseng mainly comprises the following steps: the appearance indexes are body shape, meat thorn, foot walking and the like; screening out cylindrical cucumber-shaped individuals with back slightly raised, longitudinal 4-6 rows of irregularly arranged conical meat stabs (warts) with different sizes on the back, flat ventral surface, dense tube feet, 3 irregular longitudinal bands and weight of about 200 g.
S1.3, transporting the ginseng seeds: the screened ginseng seeds need to be transported to indoor cultivation, the local breeding seeds can be transported by a dry method, the allopatric ginseng seeds are transported by a polyethylene bag filled with seawater, 1/3 of the seawater is added into the bag, 5-6 head of the ginseng seeds are placed in each liter of water, and the bag is placed into an incubator without temperature control. According to the actual situation, the transportation is carried by air or land.
S2, breeding of ginseng seeds
After the breeding seeds are put into the aquaculture water body, injecting nano oxygen into the aquaculture water body, and increasing the dissolved oxygen content of the aquaculture water body at the speed of 5 mg/L.h, so that the dissolved oxygen content of the aquaculture water body reaches a high-level nano oxygen environment of 30-35mg/L, and continuously culturing in the high-level nano oxygen environment;
s2.1, injecting high-level nano oxygen: in an indoor cement pond, a nano aerator is used for injecting high-level nano oxygen, after the seed seeds are placed in the nano aerator, the dissolved oxygen of the aquaculture water body is gradually increased at a speed of 5 mg/L.h, so that the content of the dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture water body finally reaches 30-35mg/L, and the cultivation in a high-level nano oxygen environment is continued. The nanometer oxygen has incomparable advantages with liquid oxygen, the liquid oxygen has low solubility in water, and the high concentration liquid oxygen easily causes rapid drop of water temperature and can not reach the ultrahigh dissolved oxygen of 30 mg/L.
S2.2, breeding density in a breeding period of the sea cucumber: due to high concentration of dissolved oxygen and low weight parent, the breeding density can reach 40-50 heads/m 3 And the breeding density is far higher than the traditional breeding density, and the breeding quantity of the breeding seeds in a unit water body is greatly improved.
S3, breeding of the breeding seeds
After the seeds are harvested, the seeds are cultured in an indoor cement pond, the water temperature is 11-12 ℃, the seeds are cultured in a nano-oxygen environment at the natural temperature, and the dissolved oxygen is 30-35mg/L. Feeding with reinforced feed for 50-60 days until the water temperature is reduced to 2-3 deg.C.
The reinforced feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60-80% of sea mud, 8-10% of fish meal, 10-15% of sargassum thunbergii powder, 15-20% of sargassum powder, 3-5% of spirulina powder and 1% of compound vitamin.
In the breeding period of the breeding hens, high-quality feed with rich nutrient contents is generally adopted as fortified feed, and the fortified feed and additive formulas are adopted for feeding in the whole temporary breeding process. Adding a strengthening additive on the basis of a feed formula, wherein the addition amount of the strengthening additive in the strengthening feed is 1 percent; the strengthening additive is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 10% of vitamin E, 10% of phospholipid, 0.05% of folic acid and 79.95% of carrier. Wherein vitamin E is recommended by Disemann corporation (DSM)
E50 or domestic vitamin E acetate; the phospholipid is powdered soybean lecithin; the folic acid can be domestic folic acid powder; the carrier adopts polycrystalline cellulose or degummed kelp powder.
S4, programming the ginseng to increase the temperature and promote the maturity
The maturing process is to raise the water temperature gradually in a planned way to promote the gonad development of the seed ginseng. Under the high dissolved oxygen environment, the dissolved oxygen is 30-35mg/L, and when the water temperature reaches 2-3 ℃, the water is kept for 2-3 days; then, the temperature is raised by 1 ℃ every day until the water temperature reaches 6 ℃, and the cultivation is carried out for 7 days at constant temperature; then raising the temperature by 0.5 ℃ every day until the water temperature reaches 10 ℃, and culturing for 7 days at constant temperature; then the temperature is raised by 0.3 ℃ every day until the water temperature reaches 16 ℃, and the cultivation is continued at 16 ℃;
s5, induction of labor and fertilization
Until the second day when male ginseng naturally discharges sperm, adopting a mode of alternately injecting high dissolved oxygen running water and low dissolved oxygen running water for 30min respectively to stimulate parent ginseng to lay eggs and discharge sperm; wherein the content of the nano oxygen in the high dissolved oxygen flowing water is 30-35mg/L; the content of the nano oxygen of the low dissolved oxygen flowing water is 5-6mg/L;
the parent ginseng is stimulated to lay eggs and discharge sperms by a high dissolved oxygen and low dissolved oxygen alternate method for 30min respectively, and compared with traditional propagation promoting means such as injection and shade drying, the method adopts the dissolved oxygen stimulation to reduce the stress generated by other stimulation, improve the quality of fertilized eggs and improve the hatching rate. Compared with the method of stimulating the spawning with extremely low dissolved oxygen, the stress stimulation to the breeding seeds is also reduced.
S4-S5, continuously feeding the reinforced feed and the reinforced additive.
S6, collecting eggs, and finishing the cultivation of the stichopus japonicus parents.
The egg collecting time is selected from 18 ℃ at night. When the seeds gather at the corner, part of the seeds move to the surface of the pond water and the genital hole is closed and becomes dark, the spawning symptom begins to appear. The male ginseng is discharged to be white smog thin line, and the stichopus japonicus parent cultivation work is completed when the female ginseng is discharged to be orange thin line.
Example 1
Harvesting 6000 heads (180-200 g/head) of small-sized stichopus japonicus in 3 stichopus japonicus seedling raising fields in the large and local area 11 months in 2019, and respectively putting the small-sized stichopus japonicus seedling raising fields into 3 cement ponds (40 heads/m) in the local seedling raising field workshop 3 ) And (5) medium cultivation. Injecting high-level nano oxygen by using a nano oxygen increasing machine, after the seed seeds are put in, gradually increasing the dissolved oxygen of the aquaculture water body at a speed of 5 mg/L.h, so that the dissolved oxygen content in the aquaculture water body finally reaches 30-35mg/L, and continuously culturing in a high-level nano oxygen environment.
During the period, the feed is fed by adopting reinforced feed and additives, and the daily feeding amount is 4 percent of the weight of the breeding seeds in the pond. The feed formula comprises 70% of sea mud, 5% of fish meal, 10% of sargassum thunbergii powder, 10% of sargassum powder, 3% of spirulina powder, 1% of compound vitamin and 1% of a reinforcing additive. The formula of the strengthening additive comprises 100g/kg of vitamin E, 100g/kg of phospholipid, 0.5g/kg of folic acid and 799.5g/kg of carrier, wherein the vitamin E is domestic vitamin E acetate, the phospholipid is powdery domestic soybean lecithin, the folic acid is domestic folic acid powder, and the carrier is degummed kelp powder.
Culturing for 2 months in 2020, cooling the water to about 3 deg.C, raising the temperature to 1 deg.C to 6 deg.C every day under high dissolved oxygen environment, culturing for 7 days at constant temperature of 6 deg.C, then raising the temperature to 0.5 deg.C to 10 deg.C every day, culturing for 7 days at constant temperature of 10 deg.C, and raising the temperature to 0.3 deg.C to 16 deg.C every day, and culturing under the condition of keeping dissolved oxygen at 35mg/L.
And in 4 months of 2020, sampling to determine the sex gland index of the stichopus japonicus. Wherein, gonadal index = gonadal weight/apostichopus japonicus evisceration weight × 100%.
Randomly taking 2000 ginseng seeds, putting the ginseng seeds into a spawning pond, injecting high dissolved oxygen seawater of 30-35mg/L into the spawning pond in advance, keeping the water temperature at 18-20 ℃ for 30min, injecting low dissolved oxygen seawater of 5-6mg/L into the spawning pond for 30min, keeping the water temperature unchanged, injecting running water with the dissolved oxygen content controlled, and alternately treating until spawning and spermiation are finished.
After induced spawning, calculating the discharge rate of the breeding seeds, and counting and calculating the average spawning amount and the hatching rate of the fertilized eggs by adopting a random sampling method. Wherein, the apostichopus japonicus discharge rate = (ovulation female parameter + semen excreting male parameter)/the total number of the induced spawning parameters is multiplied by 100%.
Comparative example 1
Correspondingly, the embodiment implementing unit of the invention adopts the traditional method to cultivate in other cultivating pools, and the specific method is as follows.
In 11 months in 2019, the stichopus japonicus seeds (350-400 g/head) are harvested in local stichopus japonicus farms in Dalian province in turn and are respectively put into the same cement pond as the cement pond applied in the embodiment 1 of the invention for cultivation, and the cultivation density is 20 heads/m 3 . The content of dissolved oxygen is kept between 5mg/L and 7mg/L, and other environmental conditions are basically consistent with the method related to the embodiment 1 of the invention.
The breeding period adopts conventional feed, and the daily feeding amount is 4% of the weight of the breeding seeds in the pond. The feed formula comprises 70% of sea mud, 5% of fish meal, 10% of sargassum thunbergii powder, 10% of sargassum powder, 3% of spirulina powder and 1% of compound vitamin.
Culturing for 2 months in 2020, cooling to about 3 deg.C, heating to 1 deg.C to 6 deg.C every day, culturing at 6 deg.C for 7 days, heating to 0.5 deg.C to 10 deg.C every day, culturing at 10 deg.C for 7 days, and heating to 0.3 deg.C to 16 deg.C every day.
In 4 months of 2020, the sex gland index of the stichopus japonicus is sampled and determined, and is compared with the sex gland index of the stichopus japonicus raised by the method in the embodiment 1 of the invention. Wherein the gonadal index = gonadal weight/viscera removed weight of Stichopus japonicus × 100%
The traditional method is adopted for hastening parturition, and the specific method is as follows.
Putting the breeding seeds cultured by the traditional culture method into a spawning pond, and promoting the breeding seeds to spawn and discharge sperms by adopting a method of drying in the shade for 30min and then stimulating for 30min with running water until the spawning and the sperms discharge are finished.
After induced spawning, calculating the seed breeding discharge rate, and counting and calculating the average spawning amount and the hatching rate of fertilized eggs by adopting a random sampling method.
Wherein, the apostichopus japonicus discharge rate = (ovulation female parameter + semen excreting male parameter)/the total number of the induced spawning parameters is multiplied by 100%.
The gonad index of stichopus japonicus obtained in example 1 of the present invention was compared with the gonad index of stichopus japonicus obtained by feeding the stichopus japonicus according to the conventional breeding method used in comparative example 1. The comparison result of the reference gonadal indexes is shown in fig. 2.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, compared with the traditional cultivation method, the gonadal index of the ginseng subjected to high-level nano-oxygen matched precise nutrition enhancement supply reaches 14.41 +/-0.27, which is obviously superior to that of the traditional cultivation method, and the gonadal index is 29.70% higher than that of the traditional method.
The emission rate of the stichopus japonicus seeds calculated in the example 1 of the invention is compared with the emission rate of the stichopus japonicus seeds calculated by the conventional breeding method adopted in the comparative example 1. The results of comparing the discharge rates of the induced spawning are shown in fig. 3.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the emission rate of stichopus japonicus was significantly higher than that of the conventional method (drying in the shade, injection or low oxygen stimulation) using the oxytocic method of example 1, i.e., the high-level nano-oxygen seawater environment, compared to the conventional seawater environment alternate stimulation method of comparative example 1. The sperm and egg discharge rate of the stichopus japonicus in the embodiment 1 of the invention reaches 95.71 +/-1.1 percent, which is 25.38 percent higher than that of the traditional spawning induction method. Meanwhile, the method of the embodiment 1 of the invention has the advantages of small stimulation to the breeding seeds, good effect, high efficiency and labor-saving induction time.
After induced spawning, the average spawning amount and the fertilized egg hatching rate are counted and calculated by adopting a random sampling method, and the spawning amounts of the stichopus japonicus species treated by adopting the embodiment 1 of the invention and the stichopus japonicus species treated by adopting the traditional cultivation method adopted by the comparative example 1 are compared, wherein the comparison result of the spawning amounts of the stichopus japonicus species is shown in fig. 4. The hatching rates of fertilized eggs of stichopus japonicus species treated by the method of the invention in example 1 and the method of the invention in comparative example 1 are compared, wherein the comparison result of the hatching rates of fertilized eggs of stichopus japonicus species is shown in fig. 5.
As can be seen from the results of FIGS. 4 to 5, the average egg laying amount of the breeding seeds cultured in the example 1 of the present invention can reach 379 +/-6.9 ten thousand eggs, and the hatching rate can reach 97.10 +/-1.10%, which is respectively 30.69% and 5.07% higher than that of the traditional method. It can be seen that the amount of eggs laid and the hatching rate in example 1 of the present invention were significantly higher than those in the conventional methods. Considering the specifications and the cultivation cost of the stichopus japonicus selenka, the method disclosed by the embodiment 1 of the invention greatly improves the breeding efficiency of the stichopus japonicus selenka seedling raising field, reduces the breeding cost and improves the economic benefit.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for promoting the fertility improvement of parent bodies of stichopus japonicus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, collecting and culturing stichopus japonicus in a culture pond with a plurality of areas with water temperatures of 12-13 ℃ as seed parameters;
s2, after the breeding seeds are put into the aquaculture water body, injecting nano oxygen into the aquaculture water body, and increasing the dissolved oxygen content of the aquaculture water body at a speed of 5 mg/L.h to enable the dissolved oxygen content of the aquaculture water body to reach 30-35mg/L, and continuously cultivating in a high-level nano oxygen environment;
s3, feeding the enhanced feed into the aquaculture water body, and maintaining the high-level nano-oxygen environment of S2 at the natural temperature for 50-60 days until the water temperature is reduced to 2-3 ℃;
the reinforced feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60-80% of sea mud, 8-10% of fish meal, 10-15% of sargassum thunbergii powder, 15-20% of sargassum powder, 3-5% of spirulina powder and 1% of compound vitamin;
s4, carrying out programmed temperature rise ripening on the seed breeding seeds under the high-level nano-oxygen environment of S2 so as to promote the gonad development of the seed breeding seeds;
s5, stimulating the parent ginseng to lay eggs and discharge sperms by adopting a mode of alternately injecting high-dissolved-oxygen running water and low-dissolved-oxygen running water for 30min on the next day of natural sperms discharge of the male ginseng; wherein the content of the nano oxygen in the high dissolved oxygen flowing water is 30-35mg/L; the content of the nano oxygen of the low dissolved oxygen flowing water is 5-6mg/L;
s6, collecting eggs to complete the cultivation of the stichopus japonicus parents;
S4-S5, continuously feeding the reinforced feed.
2. The method for promoting the reproductive capacity of parent sea cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein in S1, after the sea cucumbers are harvested, screening is needed, and an individual with the weight of 200g +/-5 g is obtained.
3. The method for promoting the fertility of stichopus japonicus parents to be improved according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the breeding density of the stichopus japonicus reaches 40-50 heads/m 3 。
4. The method for promoting the fertility of stichopus japonicus parents to be improved according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the temperature of the culture water is 11-12 ℃.
5. The method for promoting the increase of the reproductive capacity of parent sea cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the fortified feed further comprises a fortifying additive, and the addition amount of the fortifying additive in the fortified feed is 1%; the reinforcing additive is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 10% of vitamin E, 10% of phospholipid, 0.05% of folic acid and 79.95% of carrier.
6. The method for promoting the reproductive capacity of parents of apostichopus japonicus according to claim 5, wherein the carrier is polycrystalline cellulose or degummed kelp powder.
7. The method for promoting the increase of the reproductive capacity of parent sea cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the specific operation process of the parameter program for temperature rise and ripening is as follows:
in the high-level nano-oxygen environment of S2, when the water temperature reaches 2-3 ℃, keeping for 2-3 days; raising the temperature to 1 ℃ every day until the water temperature reaches 6 ℃, and culturing for 7 days at constant temperature; then raising the temperature by 0.5 ℃ every day until the water temperature reaches 10 ℃, and culturing for 7 days at constant temperature; thereafter, the temperature was raised by 0.3 ℃ daily until the water temperature reached 16 ℃ and the incubation was continued at 16 ℃.
8. The method for promoting the fertility of the parent of stichopus japonicus according to claim 1, wherein in S6, the egg collection time is selected from 18:00 and keeping the water temperature at 18-20 ℃.
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