CN112970531A - Pollution-free cultivation method for reducing malformed rate of strawberries in greenhouse - Google Patents
Pollution-free cultivation method for reducing malformed rate of strawberries in greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN112970531A CN112970531A CN201911307966.9A CN201911307966A CN112970531A CN 112970531 A CN112970531 A CN 112970531A CN 201911307966 A CN201911307966 A CN 201911307966A CN 112970531 A CN112970531 A CN 112970531A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pollution-free cultivation method for reducing the malformed fruit rate of strawberries in a greenhouse, which comprises the following steps: (1) laying the first cultivation layer in a greenhouse cultivation area, covering a nylon net, laying a second cultivation layer on the upper part of the nylon net, wherein the upper layer is a third cultivation layer, and transplanting strawberry seedlings for cultivation; (2) controlling the moisture, temperature and temperature difference in the strawberry growth process, and irradiating with red light and blue light at different periods; (3) after the strawberries bloom, manually atomizing and spraying the flowers by using the pollination agent A every day, then loading the pollination agent B into a greenhouse atomizer for atomization treatment, and simultaneously opening ventilation openings on two sides of the bottom of the greenhouse for ventilation; (4) and propagating the detoxified fruit flies in a large quantity, putting the detoxified fruit flies into the greenhouse, performing supplementary pollination on the strawberries, and recovering the fruit flies after the pollination period of the strawberries is finished. The method reduces the malformed fruit rate in the strawberry cultivation process, improves the quality and the taste of the strawberries, and solves the problem of traditional strawberry pollination.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of strawberry planting, and particularly relates to a pollution-free cultivation method for reducing the rate of deformed fruits of strawberries in a greenhouse.
Background
The strawberry contains abundant vitamin C, vitamin A and other kinds of vitamins, and also contains abundant nutrient components such as tannic acid, strawberry amine, pectin and the like, has the effects of maintaining epithelial tissue health, improving eyesight, nourishing liver, promoting growth and development, promoting gastrointestinal peristalsis, promoting food digestion in the gastrointestinal tract, improving constipation and preventing acne and intestinal cancer, has higher nutritional value, and is popular with modern people. However, in the process of strawberry cultivation, the harvested strawberries are too thin, have cockscomb-shaped and flat shapes, have uneven fruit surfaces or are called as deformed strawberries, such as multiple fruits, disordered fruits, green top fruits, cracked fruits, dead fruits, cavity fruits and the like, and the deformed strawberries are mainly caused by low pollination rate, excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer, drought soil, excessive humidity and the like; the strawberries are hermaphrodite plants, the pollination mode depends on self-pollination and medium pollination, but the self-pollination rate is low, and the pollination is carried out by bees, so that the bee mobility is limited, the cost is high, the bee death rate is high, and the medium pollination is difficult to play an effective role; in addition, in the strawberry cultivation process, the preparation proportion of organic nutrient components, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other components in the soil and the fertilization mode are not coordinated, so that the strawberry fruits are easy to be deformed.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the strawberries are hermaphrodite plants, the pollination mode depends on self-pollination and medium pollination, but the self-pollination rate is low, and the pollination is carried out by bees, so that the bee mobility is limited, the cost is high, the bee death rate is high, and the medium pollination is difficult to play an effective role; in addition, in the strawberry cultivation process, the preparation proportion of organic nutrient components, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other components in the soil and the fertilization mode are not coordinated, so that the strawberry fruits are easy to be deformed. In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a pollution-free cultivation method for reducing the malformed rate of strawberries in a greenhouse.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a pollution-free cultivation method for reducing the malformed rate of strawberries in a greenhouse comprises the following steps:
(1) planting a layer: firstly, mixing charcoal powder, soil, expansive soil and basalt rock particles, then adding a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, stirring and uniformly mixing to prepare a first cultivation layer; organic fermented fertilizer, soil and EM microbial inoculum are mixed according to the mass ratio of 6-9: 21-27: 0.01-0.02, and preparing a second cultivation layer; grinding soil in a coarse grinding machine for 20-30min, and sterilizing the ground soil to obtain a third cultivation layer; laying the first cultivation layer in a greenhouse cultivation area with the thickness of 4-8cm, covering a nylon net, laying a second cultivation layer with the thickness of 10-15cm on the upper part of the nylon net, laying a third cultivation layer in the second cultivation layer with the thickness of 3-5cm, and transplanting strawberry seedlings for cultivation;
(2) planting management: the water content in the soil is kept between 76 and 83 percent after the strawberries bloom, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept between 18 and 22 ℃ after the strawberries bloom, and the day and night temperature difference during pollination is lower than 4 ℃; irradiating strawberry with blue light every 8-10 days before flowering for 2-3h, irradiating strawberry with red light every 3 days during flowering for 1-2h, and irradiating strawberry with mixed red and blue light at ratio of 3:2 for 2-3 h;
(3) atomizing and pollinating: after the strawberries bloom, manually atomizing and spraying the flowers for 2 times by using the pollination agent A every day, after 2 hours, loading the pollination agent B into a greenhouse atomizer, atomizing the greenhouse for 1-2 hours by using the atomizer, and simultaneously opening ventilation openings at two sides of the bottom of the greenhouse for ventilation;
the preparation method of the pollination agent A comprises the following steps: weighing 40-53 parts of sterile water, 1.2-2.3 parts of iron lactate, 1.2-2.3 parts of zinc lactate, 2-4 parts of leucine and 5-7 parts of glucose according to mass parts, mixing the iron lactate and the zinc lactate, performing magnetization treatment by using a magnet S pole, and then mixing the mixture with the leucine, the glucose and the sterile water, and manually stirring for 15-20min to prepare a pollination agent A;
the preparation method of the pollination agent B comprises the following steps: weighing 60-70 parts of sterile water, 1-2 parts of strawberry male pollen, 2-3.4 parts of modified nano ferroferric oxide, 0.5-0.9 part of honey, 3-6 parts of ethanol and 2-5 parts of soybean lecithin according to the mass parts; performing N-pole magnetization treatment on the modified nano ferroferric oxide by using a magnet, mixing with other prepared components, manually stirring, and keeping the temperature at 24-28 ℃ for 3-4h to prepare pollination agent B;
(4) insect pollination: and propagating the detoxified fruit flies in a large quantity to obtain pollinated fruit flies, putting the pollinated fruit flies into the strawberry planting greenhouse after the strawberries bloom, carrying out supplementary pollination on the strawberries by about 2000 + 3000 heads in each greenhouse, and recovering the fruit flies after the pollination period of the strawberries is finished.
The first cultivation layer in the step (1) comprises the following preparation components in parts by mass: 7-11 parts of charcoal powder, 43-58 parts of soil, 5-9 parts of expansive soil, 3-6 parts of basalt particles, 1-3 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 4-8 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 3-5 parts of potash fertilizer.
The nitrogen fertilizer is a mixture of ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the ammonium bicarbonate is 3: 1; the phosphate fertilizer is a mixture of fishbone powder and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the phosphate fertilizer to the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 2: 5-7; the potash fertilizer is a mixture of plant ash, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate, and the mass ratio is 0.5:2-3:7 in sequence.
The preparation method of the organic fermented fertilizer in the step (1) comprises the following steps: weighing 21-37 parts of coconut shell powder, 12-18 parts of sheep manure, 7-12 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of diatomite, 11-19 parts of soybean meal, 2-4 parts of ginkgo leaf, 1-3 parts of chinaberry leaf, 0.5-1 part of lobster shell, 0.2-0.7 part of granite powder, 2-4 parts of orange peel, 1-2 parts of egg shell powder and 0.1-0.3 part of garlic bulb according to mass parts; the organic fermented fertilizer is prepared by mixing the prepared components, steaming at high temperature and fermenting.
The high-temperature cooking is carried out at the temperature of 90-100 ℃.
The illumination intensity of the blue light in the step (2) is 170-230 Lux; the illumination intensity of the red light is 210-260 Lux.
And (3) etching the modified nano ferroferric oxide in a plasma etching machine for 21-24min, wherein the etching gas in the etching machine is carbon tetrafluoride.
The breeding method of the detoxified fruit fly in the step (4) comprises the following steps: mixing fresh fruit pulp and milk in a mass ratio of 3:1, stirring and mixing, sterilizing to obtain a propagation substrate, performing ultraviolet sterilization on the fruit fly larvae of the 1 generation, cleaning the fruit fly larvae of the 1 generation for 3-5 seconds by using sodium hypochlorite to obtain sterilized fruit fly larvae of the 1 generation, inoculating the sterilized fruit fly larvae of the 1 generation into the propagation substrate, and culturing for 4-5 generations to obtain the detoxified fruit fly.
The mass concentration of the sodium hypochlorite is 0.5-0.8%.
The mesh number of the nylon net in the step (1) is 80-100 meshes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the method comprises the following steps of (1) treating a cultivation layer, wherein a first cultivation layer uses charcoal powder, basalt particles and expansive soil to solidify and play a slow release role in a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, so that the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil in a planting area are increased, and damage to strawberry fruits caused by excessive topdressing in a later period is avoided; the management of planting is controlled soil moisture content in the big-arch shelter, temperature and difference in temperature, can improve strawberry growth and development, reduces the adverse effect that external environment factor led to the fact strawberry pollination, fruit to carry out ruddiness, blue light to the strawberry night of different growth stages and shine, can promote strawberry nutrition absorption and growth and development, and improve the pollination rate and the fruit nutrition absorptive capacity of strawberry. Collecting iron lactate and zinc lactate contained in pollination agent A, magnetizing the pollination agent A through an S pole to form N pole magnetism, spraying the pollination agent A to strawberry flowers to enable the flowers to carry N pole magnetism, and then carrying out greenhouse atomization treatment by using S pole magnetic pollination agent B, wherein modified nano ferroferric oxide can carry male strawberry pollen and is combined with the N pole magnetic flowers after atomization is improved, so that the pollination rate of strawberries is improved; after detoxification fruit flies are adopted, germs which are possibly carried are removed through cultivation for several generations, the detoxification fruit flies are bred and thrown into a greenhouse to pollinate strawberries, the pollination rate of flowers of the strawberries can be improved through the action of insect media, so that the malformed fruit rate is reduced, the fruit fly pollination has the characteristics of low cost and high breeding speed, and the components such as glucose, honey, leucine and the like added in the pollination agent can improve the emulsifying and suspending properties of the pollination agent, and can improve the attraction of the flowers to the fruit flies, so that the pollination frequency of the fruit flies is improved.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a pollution-free cultivation method for reducing the malformed rate of strawberries in a greenhouse comprises the following steps:
(1) planting a layer: firstly, mixing charcoal powder, soil, expansive soil and basalt rock particles, then adding a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, stirring and uniformly mixing to prepare a first cultivation layer; mixing an organic fermented fertilizer, soil and an EM microbial inoculum according to a mass ratio of 6.2: 22: 0.013 mixing uniformly to obtain a second cultivation layer; grinding the soil in a coarse grinding machine for 21min, and sterilizing the ground soil to obtain a third cultivation layer; laying the first cultivation layer in a greenhouse cultivation area with the thickness of 4.2cm, covering a nylon net, laying a second cultivation layer with the thickness of 11cm on the upper part of the nylon net, laying a third cultivation layer in the second cultivation layer with the thickness of 3.3cm, and transplanting strawberry seedlings for cultivation;
(2) planting management: the water content in the soil is kept at 77% after the strawberries bloom, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 19 ℃ after the strawberries bloom, and the day and night temperature difference during pollination is lower than 4 ℃; irradiating strawberry with blue light every 8 days before flowering for 2.5h, irradiating strawberry with red light every 3 days during flowering for 1.5h, and irradiating strawberry with mixed red and blue light at a ratio of 3:2 for 2.5 h;
(3) atomizing and pollinating: after the strawberries bloom, manually atomizing and spraying the flowers for 2 times by using the pollination agent A every day, after 2 hours, loading the pollination agent B into a greenhouse atomizer, atomizing the greenhouse for 1.5 hours by using the atomizer, and simultaneously opening ventilation openings on two sides of the bottom of the greenhouse for ventilation;
the preparation method of the pollination agent A comprises the following steps: weighing 41 parts of sterile water, 1.3 parts of iron lactate, 1.4 parts of zinc lactate, 2.1 parts of leucine and 5.3 parts of glucose according to mass parts, mixing the iron lactate and the zinc lactate, performing magnetic treatment by using a magnet S pole, and then mixing the mixture with the leucine, the glucose and the sterile water, and manually stirring for 15-20min to prepare a pollination agent A;
the preparation method of the pollination agent B comprises the following steps: weighing 62 parts of sterile water, 1.1 parts of strawberry male pollen, 2.4 parts of modified nano ferroferric oxide, 0.6 part of honey, 3.5 parts of ethanol and 2.2 parts of soybean lecithin according to mass parts; performing N-pole magnetization treatment on the modified nano ferroferric oxide by using a magnet, mixing with other prepared components, manually stirring, and keeping the temperature at 25 ℃ for 3.5 hours to prepare pollination agent B;
(4) insect pollination: and (3) propagating the detoxified fruit flies in a large quantity to obtain pollinated fruit flies, putting the pollinated fruit flies into the strawberry planting greenhouse after the strawberries bloom, carrying out supplementary pollination on the strawberries by about 2400 heads in each greenhouse, and recovering the fruit flies after the pollination period of the strawberries is finished.
The first cultivation layer in the step (1) comprises the following preparation components in parts by mass: 8 parts of charcoal powder, 44 parts of soil, 6 parts of expansive soil, 4 parts of basalt particles, 1.2 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 4.3 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 3.2 parts of potassium fertilizer.
The nitrogen fertilizer is a mixture of ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the ammonium bicarbonate is 3: 1; the phosphate fertilizer is a mixture of fishbone powder and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the phosphate fertilizer to the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 2: 5.1; the potash fertilizer is a mixture of plant ash, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate, and the mass ratio is 0.5:2.1:7 in sequence.
The preparation method of the organic fermented fertilizer in the step (1) comprises the following steps: weighing 22 parts of coconut shell powder, 13 parts of sheep manure, 8 parts of humic acid, 6 parts of diatomite, 12 parts of soybean meal, 2.3 parts of ginkgo leaves, 1.2 parts of chinaberry leaves, 0.6 part of lobster shells, 0.3 part of granite powder, 2.4 parts of orange peels, 1.2 parts of egg shell powder and 0.14 part of garlic bulbs according to the mass parts; the organic fermented fertilizer is prepared by mixing the prepared components, steaming at high temperature and fermenting.
The high-temperature cooking is carried out, and the temperature is 92 ℃.
The illumination intensity of the blue light in the step (2) is 180 Lux; the illumination intensity of the red light is 220 Lux.
And (3) etching the modified nano ferroferric oxide in a plasma etching machine for 22min, wherein the etching gas in the etching machine is carbon tetrafluoride.
The breeding method of the detoxified fruit fly in the step (4) comprises the following steps: mixing fresh fruit pulp and milk in a mass ratio of 3:1, stirring and mixing, sterilizing to obtain a propagation substrate, performing ultraviolet sterilization on 1-generation fruit fly larvae, then cleaning the 1-generation fruit fly larvae for 3 seconds by using sodium hypochlorite to obtain sterilized 1-generation fruit fly larvae, and inoculating the sterilized 1-generation fruit fly larvae into the propagation substrate to culture for 4 generations to obtain the detoxified fruit flies.
The mass concentration of the sodium hypochlorite is 0.53%.
The mesh number of the nylon net in the step (1) is 85 meshes.
Example 2:
a pollution-free cultivation method for reducing the malformed rate of strawberries in a greenhouse comprises the following steps:
(1) planting a layer: firstly, mixing charcoal powder, soil, expansive soil and basalt rock particles, then adding a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, stirring and uniformly mixing to prepare a first cultivation layer; mixing an organic fermented fertilizer, soil and an EM microbial inoculum according to the mass ratio of 8.7: 26: 0.018, uniformly mixing to prepare a second cultivation layer; grinding the soil in a coarse grinding machine for 29min, and sterilizing the ground soil to obtain a third cultivation layer; laying the first cultivation layer in a greenhouse cultivation area with the thickness of 7.6cm, covering a nylon net, laying a second cultivation layer with the thickness of 14cm on the upper portion of the nylon net, laying a third cultivation layer in the second cultivation layer with the thickness of 4.8cm, and transplanting strawberry seedlings for cultivation;
(2) planting management: the water content in the soil is kept at 82% after the strawberries bloom, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 21 ℃ after the strawberries bloom, and the day and night temperature difference during pollination is lower than 4 ℃; irradiating strawberry with blue light every 10 days before flowering for 3h, irradiating strawberry with red light every 3 days during flowering for 2h, and irradiating strawberry with mixed red and blue light at a ratio of 3:2 for 3 h;
(3) atomizing and pollinating: after the strawberries bloom, manually atomizing and spraying the flowers for 2 times by using the pollination agent A every day, after 2 hours, loading the pollination agent B into a greenhouse atomizer, atomizing the greenhouse for 2 hours by using the atomizer, and simultaneously opening ventilation openings on two sides of the bottom of the greenhouse for ventilation;
the preparation method of the pollination agent A comprises the following steps: weighing 52 parts of sterile water, 2.2 parts of iron lactate, 2.1 parts of zinc lactate, 3.8 parts of leucine and 6.9 parts of glucose according to mass parts, mixing the iron lactate and the zinc lactate, performing magnetic treatment by using a magnet S pole, and then mixing the mixture with the leucine, the glucose and the sterile water, and manually stirring for 19min to prepare a pollination agent A;
the preparation method of the pollination agent B comprises the following steps: weighing 68 parts of sterile water, 1.9 parts of strawberry male pollen, 3.3 parts of modified nano ferroferric oxide, 0.85 part of honey, 5.8 parts of ethanol and 4.7 parts of soybean lecithin according to mass parts; performing N-pole magnetization treatment on the modified nano ferroferric oxide by using a magnet, mixing with other prepared components, manually stirring, and keeping the temperature at 27 ℃ for 4 hours to prepare pollination agent B;
(4) insect pollination: and (3) propagating the detoxified fruit flies in a large quantity to obtain pollinated fruit flies, putting the pollinated fruit flies into the strawberry planting greenhouse after the strawberries bloom, carrying out supplementary pollination on the strawberries by about 2900 heads in each greenhouse, and recovering the fruit flies after the pollination period of the strawberries is finished.
The first cultivation layer in the step (1) comprises the following preparation components in parts by mass: 10 parts of charcoal powder, 57 parts of soil, 8.9 parts of expansive soil, 5.8 parts of basalt particles, 2.7 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 7 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 4.8 parts of potassium fertilizer.
The nitrogen fertilizer is a mixture of ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the ammonium bicarbonate is 3: 1; the phosphate fertilizer is a mixture of fishbone powder and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the phosphate fertilizer to the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 2: 6.8; the potash fertilizer is a mixture of plant ash, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate, and the mass ratio is 0.5:2.8:7 in sequence.
The preparation method of the organic fermented fertilizer in the step (1) comprises the following steps: weighing 36 parts of coconut shell powder, 17 parts of sheep manure, 11 parts of humic acid, 9 parts of diatomite, 18 parts of soybean meal, 3.8 parts of ginkgo leaves, 2.9 parts of chinaberry leaves, 0.9 part of lobster shells, 0.6 part of granite powder, 3.8 parts of orange peels, 1.9 parts of egg shell powder and 0.27 part of garlic bulbs according to the mass parts; the organic fermented fertilizer is prepared by mixing the prepared components, steaming at high temperature and fermenting.
The high-temperature cooking is carried out, and the temperature is 98 ℃.
The blue light in the step (2) has illumination intensity of 220 Lux; the illumination intensity of the red light is 250 Lux.
And (3) etching the modified nano ferroferric oxide in a plasma etching machine for 23min, wherein the etching gas in the etching machine is carbon tetrafluoride.
The breeding method of the detoxified fruit fly in the step (4) comprises the following steps: mixing fresh fruit pulp and milk in a mass ratio of 3:1, stirring and mixing, sterilizing to obtain a propagation substrate, performing ultraviolet sterilization on the fruit fly larvae of the 1 generation, cleaning the fruit fly larvae of the 1 generation for 5 seconds by using sodium hypochlorite to obtain sterilized fruit fly larvae of the 1 generation, and inoculating the sterilized fruit fly larvae of the 1 generation into the propagation substrate to culture for 5 generations to obtain the detoxified fruit fly.
The mass concentration of the sodium hypochlorite is 0.76%.
The nylon net in the step (1) has the mesh number of 95 meshes.
Comparison 1:
this comparative example 1 was compared with example 1, and the procedure of treating the cultivation layer in the step (1) was not employed, and the other steps and formulation were the same as in example 1.
Comparison 2:
in comparison with example 2, the present comparative example 2 did not use the components of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer and the fertilization method in the step (1), and the other steps were the same as in example 2.
Comparison 3:
this comparison 3 compares with example 1, and the other ingredients are the same as in example 1 without using the organic fermented fertilizer in step (1).
Comparison 4:
this comparison 4 is compared with example 2, and the red and blue light irradiation method in step (2) is not employed, and the other steps are the same as in example 2.
Control group 1: the strawberries were planted using conventional means.
The method for planting the strawberry in the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2, the comparison 1, the comparison 2, the comparison 3, the comparison 4 and the comparison group 1 is adopted, the same strawberry variety is planted in the same planting area, and the growth rate, the yield per mu, the total sugar content and the soluble solid content of the strawberry are tested and compared.
The strawberry was tested according to NY/T2637-2014 fruit and vegetable soluble solids content assay and GB/T6194-1986 fruit, vegetable soluble sugar assay.
The experimental results show that: by using the planting layer processing method and the planting management method, compared with a control group 1, the growth rate of the strawberries is improved by more than 11.9 percent, the yield per mu of the strawberries is improved by 310kg, the total sugar content is improved by 0.79 percent, the soluble solid content is improved by 1.04 percent, and the growth rate of the strawberries and the content of nutrient components in the strawberries are effectively improved.
Comparison No. 5:
this comparison 5 is compared with example 1, and does not use pollinator A in step (3), and the other steps are the same as in example 1.
Comparison 6:
this comparison 6 compares with example 2, and does not use the iron lactate and zinc lactate in pollinator A and the treatment method in step (3), and the other steps are the same as example 2.
Comparison 7:
this comparison 7 is compared with example 1, and does not use pollinator B in step (3), and the other steps are the same as in example 1.
Comparison No. 8:
in comparison with example 2, this comparative example 8 was conducted without using the modified ferroferric oxide in the powdering agent B of step (3), and the other formulation was the same as in example 2.
Comparison 9:
this comparison 9 compares with example 1, and does not use the Drosophila pollination method of step (4), and the other steps are the same as example 1.
Control group 2: and (5) pollinating the strawberries by adopting a bee pollination mode.
The method of the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2, the comparison 6, the comparison 7, the comparison 8, the comparison 9 and the comparison group 2 is adopted, the same strawberry variety is planted in the same planting area, and the seedling raising mode, the planting density and the planting time are the same; and (4) counting the abnormal fruit rate, the female pollination rate and the pollination cost reduction ratio of the strawberries.
The experimental results show that: compared with a control group 2, the strawberry planting method has the advantages that the malformed fruit rate is reduced by 8.73 percent, the female pollination rate is improved by 20.7 percent, and the pollination cost is reduced by more than 21.9 percent; by the method, the malformed fruit rate in the strawberry cultivation process is effectively reduced, the quality and the taste of the strawberries are improved, the problem of traditional strawberry pollination is solved, the economic benefit is improved, and the planting cost is reduced.
Claims (10)
1. A pollution-free cultivation method for reducing the malformed fruit rate of strawberries in a greenhouse is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) planting a layer: firstly, mixing charcoal powder, soil, expansive soil and basalt rock particles, then adding a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, stirring and uniformly mixing to prepare a first cultivation layer; organic fermented fertilizer, soil and EM microbial inoculum are mixed according to the mass ratio of 6-9: 21-27: 0.01-0.02, and preparing a second cultivation layer; grinding soil in a coarse grinding machine for 20-30min, and sterilizing the ground soil to obtain a third cultivation layer; laying the first cultivation layer in a greenhouse cultivation area with the thickness of 4-8cm, covering a nylon net, laying a second cultivation layer with the thickness of 10-15cm on the upper part of the nylon net, laying a third cultivation layer in the second cultivation layer with the thickness of 3-5cm, and transplanting strawberry seedlings for cultivation; (2) planting management: the water content in the soil is kept between 76 and 83 percent after the strawberries bloom, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept between 18 and 22 ℃ after the strawberries bloom, and the day and night temperature difference during pollination is lower than 4 ℃; irradiating strawberry with blue light every 8-10 days before flowering for 2-3h, irradiating strawberry with red light every 3 days during flowering for 1-2h, and irradiating strawberry with mixed red and blue light at ratio of 3:2 for 2-3 h; (3) atomizing and pollinating: after the strawberries bloom, manually atomizing and spraying the flowers for 2 times by using the pollination agent A every day, after 2 hours, loading the pollination agent B into a greenhouse atomizer, atomizing the greenhouse for 1-2 hours by using the atomizer, and simultaneously opening ventilation openings at two sides of the bottom of the greenhouse for ventilation; the pollinating agent A is characterized in that the preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing 40-53 parts of sterile water, 1.2-2.3 parts of iron lactate, 1.2-2.3 parts of zinc lactate, 2-4 parts of leucine and 5-7 parts of glucose according to mass parts, mixing the iron lactate and the zinc lactate, performing magnetization treatment by using a magnet S pole, and then mixing the mixture with the leucine, the glucose and the sterile water, and manually stirring for 15-20min to prepare a pollination agent A; the pollinating agent B is characterized in that the preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing 60-70 parts of sterile water, 1-2 parts of strawberry male pollen, 2-3.4 parts of modified nano ferroferric oxide, 0.5-0.9 part of honey, 3-6 parts of ethanol and 2-5 parts of soybean lecithin according to the mass parts; performing N-pole magnetization treatment on the modified nano ferroferric oxide by using a magnet, mixing with other prepared components, manually stirring, and keeping the temperature at 24-28 ℃ for 3-4h to prepare pollination agent B; (4) insect pollination: and propagating the detoxified fruit flies in a large quantity to obtain pollinated fruit flies, putting the pollinated fruit flies into the strawberry planting greenhouse after the strawberries bloom, carrying out supplementary pollination on the strawberries by about 2000 + 3000 heads in each greenhouse, and recovering the fruit flies after the pollination period of the strawberries is finished.
2. The pollution-free cultivation method for reducing the malformed fruit rate of strawberries in a greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein the first cultivation layer in the step (1) comprises the following components in parts by mass: 7-11 parts of charcoal powder, 43-58 parts of soil, 5-9 parts of expansive soil, 3-6 parts of basalt particles, 1-3 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 4-8 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 3-5 parts of potash fertilizer.
3. The pollution-free cultivation method for reducing the rate of malformed greenhouse strawberries as claimed in claim 2, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is a mixture of ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the ammonium bicarbonate is 3: 1; the phosphate fertilizer is a mixture of fishbone powder and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the phosphate fertilizer to the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 2: 5-7; the potash fertilizer is a mixture of plant ash, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate, and the mass ratio of the potash fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer is 0.5:2-3: 7.
4. The pollution-free cultivation method for reducing the rate of malformed greenhouse strawberries as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic fermented fertilizer prepared in step (1) is prepared by the following steps: weighing 21-37 parts of coconut shell powder, 12-18 parts of sheep manure, 7-12 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of diatomite, 11-19 parts of soybean meal, 2-4 parts of ginkgo leaf, 1-3 parts of chinaberry leaf, 0.5-1 part of lobster shell, 0.2-0.7 part of granite powder, 2-4 parts of orange peel, 1-2 parts of egg shell powder and 0.1-0.3 part of garlic bulb according to mass parts; the organic fermented fertilizer is prepared by mixing the prepared components, steaming at high temperature and fermenting.
5. The pollution-free cultivation method for reducing the rate of malformed strawberries in the greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the illumination intensity of the blue light in the step (2) is 170-; the illumination intensity of the red light is 210-260 Lux.
6. The pollution-free cultivation method for reducing the malformed fruit rate of strawberries in a greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein the nano ferroferric oxide is modified in the step (3) and is etched in a plasma etching machine for 21-24min, wherein the etching gas in the etching machine is carbon tetrafluoride.
7. The pollution-free cultivation method for reducing the rate of malformed strawberries in the greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein the breeding method of the detoxified fruit flies in the step (4) comprises the following steps: mixing fresh fruit pulp and milk in a mass ratio of 3:1, stirring and mixing, sterilizing to obtain a propagation substrate, performing ultraviolet sterilization on the fruit fly larvae of the 1 generation, cleaning the fruit fly larvae of the 1 generation for 3-5 seconds by using sodium hypochlorite to obtain sterilized fruit fly larvae of the 1 generation, inoculating the sterilized fruit fly larvae of the 1 generation into the propagation substrate, and culturing for 4-5 generations to obtain the detoxified fruit fly.
8. The pollution-free cultivation method for reducing the malformed fruit rate of greenhouse strawberries as claimed in claim 7, wherein the mass concentration of the sodium hypochlorite is 0.5% -0.8%.
9. The pollution-free cultivation method for reducing the rate of malformed greenhouse strawberries as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mesh size of the nylon net in step (1) is 80-100 meshes.
10. The pollution-free cultivation method for reducing the malformed fruit rate of strawberries in a greenhouse according to claim 4, wherein the temperature of the high-temperature cooking is 90-100 ℃.
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