CN115413538A - How to grow strawberries - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a strawberry planting method, comprising: arranging the strawberry cultivation tank horizontally according to the horizontal direction, and then arranging the temperature control tube in the bottom extension direction of the strawberry cultivation tank; There is a control valve; the outlet of the fertilization water pipeline is located at one end of the strawberry cultivation tank, and the other end of the strawberry cultivation tank is provided with a return pipe, and the return pipe is provided with an overflow port, and a liftable sleeve is set at the overflow port to adjust the exposure of the overflow port Height; put the substrate soil in the strawberry cultivation tank, and mix the microbial fertilizer into the substrate soil 15 days before planting, and add an appropriate amount of water to the substrate soil at the same time, and mix evenly; along the horizontal direction of the strawberry cultivation tank, the interval is 0.14 ‑0.17m to plant 1 strawberry seedling; during the planting process of strawberry seedlings, manage strawberry seedlings during the vegetative growth period and the flowering and fruiting period. The three-dimensional planting of strawberry seedlings can increase the value of land use, provide a suitable growth environment for strawberries, and facilitate management and picking.

Description

How to grow strawberries

technical field

The invention relates to a strawberry planting method, in particular to a strawberry planting method independent of arable land.

Background technique

Strawberry is also called cranberry, raspberry, ground berry, pineapple strawberry, etc. It is a kind of red fruit. The appearance of strawberry is round or heart-shaped, delicious, red and tender, with juicy pulp, sweet and sour taste, and strong fragrance. Consumers love it, so it has the reputation of "Queen of Fruits".

There are two main methods of traditional strawberry cultivation, greenhouse cultivation and open field cultivation. No matter which cultivation method is used, it is planted on the ground.

When strawberries are planted on the ground, the operations of planting, beating old leaves, and harvesting during the cultivation process need to be bent down manually, which is laborious and laborious.

Moreover, the yield per mu of strawberries is low, and China’s national conditions are that there are many people and little land. Strawberry cultivation takes up a lot of arable land, which will inevitably reduce the area of food crops. In addition, the problem of repeated land cropping often occurs.

In addition, during the growth of strawberries, due to the action of gravity, many strawberry branches and leaves will extend to the ground, which will not only pollute the strawberries, affect the taste of strawberries, but also cause disadvantages to the continued growth and management of strawberries.

Potted planting is a relatively common way of growing strawberries at present. However, due to the shallow distribution of strawberry roots, large transpiration, and strict water requirements, it is difficult to control water in potted strawberries, resulting in low sugar content, bland taste, and many deformed fruits.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the problems associated with planting strawberries on the ground, the present application provides a strawberry planting method.

Strawberry planting method provided by the invention comprises:

S1. Arrange the strawberry cultivation tank horizontally according to the horizontal direction, and then arrange the temperature regulating tube along the bottom extension direction in the strawberry cultivation tank;

S2. Lay fertilizer and water pipelines, and a control valve is installed at the outlet of the fertilization water pipeline; the outlet of the fertilization water pipeline is located at one end of the strawberry cultivation tank, and the other end of the strawberry cultivation tank is provided with a return pipe, and the return pipe is provided with an overflow. The sleeve is equipped with a liftable sleeve for adjusting the exposure height of the overflow;

S3. Place the matrix soil in the strawberry cultivation tank, and mix the microbial bacteria into the matrix soil at least 15 days before planting, and add an appropriate amount of water to the matrix soil at the same time, and mix evenly;

S4, plant 1 strawberry seedling at an interval of 0.14-0.17m along the horizontal direction of the strawberry cultivation tank;

S5. During the planting process of the strawberry seedlings, the strawberry seedlings are managed during the vegetative growth period and the flowering and fruiting period.

Preferably, the specification of the strawberry cultivation tank is 0.32m wide and 0.65m high.

Preferably, in step S3, the matrix soil includes perlite, fish bone meal, and soybean meal in a weight ratio of 1:0.2-0.4:2-3.

In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the matrix soil also includes compound fertilizer, in terms of nutrient elements, the amount of compound fertilizer per mu: 6-9kg N, 6-9kg P ₂ O ₅ , 6-9kg K ₂ O, 1.5-3kg S, 0.01-0.03kg B, 0.01-0.03kg Zn.

Preferably, in step S3, the microbial bacteria are formed by mixing Bacillus sphaericus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus licheniformis with a mass ratio of 4-6:1.5-2:3-3.5.

Preferably, in step S3, the amount of microorganisms used per mu is 1-2 kg.

Preferably, in step S4, after the strawberry seedlings are planted, the calcium ammonium nitrate nutrient solution is provided every 15-25 days when watering in the strawberry cultivation tank. In terms of nutrient elements, the dosage of calcium ammonium nitrate per mu is Dosage: 5-8kg N (wherein nitrate nitrogen is at least 80wt%), 7-10kg Ca, and adjust the pH value of the matrix soil in the cultivation tank to 6-6.8.

Preferably, in step S5, the management of the flowering and fruiting period includes: applying compound fertilizer to the strawberry cultivation tank every 25-35 days, in terms of nutrient elements, the amount of compound fertilizer per mu: 5-8kg N, 2-3kg P ₂ O ₅ , 8-12kg K ₂ O, 1-1.5kg S, 0.01-0.02kg B, 0.01-0.02kg Zn, 0.03-0.05kg Mn, 0.01-0.02kg Ca. Preferably, in the process of applying the compound fertilizer, the depth of applying the compound fertilizer does not exceed 20cm.

Preferably, in step S5, the management of the flowering and fruiting period includes: using bees to pollinate the strawberry seedlings.

Preferably, in step S5, the management of the flowering and fruiting period includes: controlling the light intensity at 30000-50000 Lux.

Preferably, the LED lights are hung 60cm above the strawberry plants,

Preferably, in step S5, the management of the flowering and fruiting period includes: controlling the daytime temperature at 23-27°C during the flowering period, and controlling the temperature at 12-15°C at night; controlling the daytime temperature at 20-25°C during the fruiting period, and controlling the night temperature at 8-10°C. (Daytime refers to 6:00 am to 18:00 pm (excluding 18:00), night refers to 18:00 pm to 6:00 am of the next day (excluding 6:00 am))

Preferably, in step S5, the management of the flowering and fruiting period includes: providing fluid in the temperature regulating tube to control the temperature of the substrate soil at 15-17°C.

Preferably, in step S5, the management of the flowering and fruiting period includes: controlling the relative humidity in the environment at 40%-50%.

Preferably, during the growth of strawberry seedlings, agricultural control, physical control, ecological control, biological control, and chemical control are used to prevent and control pests and diseases. The agricultural control includes: selection of disease-resistant varieties, strict quarantine, and monitoring of strawberry seedlings and substrate soil. Disinfect and clean up dead, yellow, old, diseased leaves and diseased plants in time; the physical control includes: using yellow boards to trap and kill whiteflies and aphids, reducing insect population density, using blue boards to trap and kill thrips, using insect pheromones to trap, installing Insect-proof net; described ecological control includes rational irrigation, controlling temperature and humidity environment, strengthening ventilation and controlling light intensity; described biological control includes: using Trichoderma harzianum to prevent and control soil-borne diseases, spraying with Bacillus subtilis to prevent and control botrytis cinerea , Powdery mildew, use spinosad to prevent and control thrips damage, use parasitic natural enemies to control, and use predatory natural enemies to control.

Strawberry planting method that the present invention proposes, advantage is:

1. The three-dimensional planting of strawberry seedlings in the strawberry cultivation tank can improve the use value of the land, give strawberries a suitable growth environment, and facilitate management and picking. Moreover, the strawberry fruits planted in the strawberry cultivation tank have beautiful appearance, clean surface, good quality and fast growth. In the process, it is also convenient for the leisure and sightseeing of citizens, which is conducive to the development of agricultural tourism, and has high social and economic value.

2. Create a good temperature and humidity environment, prevent high temperature and high humidity from causing diseases, effectively reduce the breeding and spread of diseases and insect pests, control reasonable light intensity, and enhance crop resistance. Too strong or too weak light is not conducive to plant growth;

3. Strictly control fertilization, and the proportion of deformed strawberry fruits is reduced.

detailed description

Example 1

A kind of strawberry planting method that the present invention proposes, comprises the following steps:

S1. Arrange the strawberry cultivation tank horizontally according to the horizontal direction, and then place the temperature control tube in the bottom extension direction of the strawberry cultivation tank; the specification of the strawberry cultivation tank is 0.32m wide and 0.65m high;

S2. Lay the fertilizer and water pipeline, and the outlet of the fertilization water pipeline is equipped with a control valve; the outlet of the fertilization water pipeline is located at one end of the strawberry cultivation tank, and the other end of the strawberry cultivation tank is provided with a return pipe, and the return pipe is provided with an overflow. The sleeve is equipped with a liftable sleeve, which is used to adjust the exposure height of the overflow port;

For example, PVC pipes are used to lay fertilizer and water pipes, automatic fertilizer applicators and solenoid valves are installed, PE pipes are used to lay temperature control pipes, and heating machines and water pumps are installed;

S3. Put the matrix soil in the strawberry cultivation tank. The weight ratio of perlite, fish bone meal, and soybean meal in the matrix is 1:0.25:2.5; : 6-9kg N, 6-9kg P ₂ O ₅ , 6-9kg K ₂ O, 1.5-3kg S, 0.01-0.03kg B, 0.01-0.03kg Zn; and 15 days before planting, mix the microorganisms evenly In the matrix soil, add an appropriate amount of water to the matrix soil at the same time, and mix evenly; the microbial bacteria are composed of Bacillus sphaericus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus licheniformis with a mass ratio of 6:2:4; The dosage of bacteria is 2kg;

S4, plant 1 strawberry seedling at intervals of 0.14m along the horizontal direction of the strawberry cultivation tank; after planting the strawberry seedlings, provide calcium ammonium nitrate nutrient solution when watering in the strawberry cultivation tank every 20 days, in terms of nutrient elements, each time, every time The amount of calcium ammonium nitrate per mu is the amount of compound fertilizer per mu: 5-8kg N (nitrate nitrogen is at least 80wt%), 8kg Ca, and the pH value of the matrix soil in the cultivation tank is adjusted to 6.5.

S5. During the planting process of strawberry seedlings, strawberry seedlings are managed during the vegetative growth period and the flowering and fruiting period, including:

During the vegetative growth period of strawberry seedlings, fertilize and water once a day on sunny days and once every three days on cloudy and rainy days, and cover them in time during the budding stage and before flowering, and lift the seedlings through holes;

The management of the flowering and fruiting period includes: applying compound fertilizer to the strawberry cultivation tank every 25-35 days, in terms of nutrient elements, the amount of compound fertilizer per mu: 6kg N, 3kg P ₂ O ₅ , 9kg K ₂ O, 1.5kg S, 0.02kg B, 0.02kg Zn, 0.04kg Mn, 0.02kg Ca; use bees to pollinate strawberry seedlings; fertilize and water once every 2 days in sunny days and once every 3 days in cloudy and rainy days; control light intensity at 30000Lux; flowering period during the day The temperature is controlled at 23-27°C, and the temperature at night is controlled at 12-15°C; during the fruiting period, the temperature is controlled at 20-25°C during the day, the temperature at night is controlled at 8-10°C, and the temperature of the matrix soil is controlled at 15-17°C, especially When the temperature of the matrix soil is lower than 10°C, it is necessary to turn on the heating equipment to heat the matrix; control the relative humidity at 40%-50% to prevent and control diseases and insect pests; remove incomplete flowers and invalid flowers, and remove diseased and insect fruits during the fruit setting period; Seedlings grow to 8-9 mature for harvesting.

Example 2

S1. Arrange the strawberry cultivation tank horizontally according to the horizontal direction, and then place the temperature control tube in the bottom extension direction of the strawberry cultivation tank; the specification of the strawberry cultivation tank is 0.32m wide and 0.65m high;

S2. Lay the fertilizer and water pipeline, and the outlet of the fertilization water pipeline is equipped with a control valve; the outlet of the fertilization water pipeline is located at one end of the strawberry cultivation tank, and the other end of the strawberry cultivation tank is provided with a return pipe, and the return pipe is provided with an overflow. The sleeve is equipped with a liftable sleeve, which is used to adjust the exposure height of the overflow port;

S3. Put the matrix soil in the strawberry cultivation tank, the matrix soil includes perlite, fish bone meal, and soybean meal, and their weight ratio is 1:0.2:2; the matrix soil also includes compound fertilizer, calculated as nutrient elements, compound The amount of fertilizer is based on per mu: 7kg N, 7kg P ₂ O ₅ , 8kg K ₂ O, 2kg S, 0.03kg B, 0.02kg Zn; 15 days before planting, the microbial fertilizer is evenly mixed into the matrix soil, and at the same time Add an appropriate amount of water to the matrix soil and mix evenly; the microbial bacteria are mixed from Bacillus sphaericus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus licheniformis with a mass ratio of 6:2:3; the amount of microbial bacteria per mu is 1kg;

S4. Plant 1 strawberry seedling at an interval of 0.15m along the horizontal direction of the strawberry cultivation tank; after planting the strawberry seedlings, provide calcium ammonium nitrate nutrient solution when watering in the strawberry cultivation tank every 20 days, in terms of nutrient elements, each time, per mu The amount of calcium ammonium nitrate is the amount of compound fertilizer per mu: 8kg N, 9kg Ca, and adjust the pH value of the matrix soil in the cultivation tank to 6.5, wherein the nitrate nitrogen in the N is at least 80wt%;

S5. During the planting process of strawberry seedlings, strawberry seedlings are managed during the vegetative growth period and the flowering and fruiting period, including:

During the vegetative growth period of strawberry seedlings, fertilize and water once a day on sunny days and once every two days on cloudy and rainy days, and cover them in time before budding and flowering, and lift seedlings through holes;

The management of the flowering and fruiting period includes: applying compound fertilizer to the strawberry cultivation tank every 25-35 days, in terms of nutrient elements, the amount of compound fertilizer per mu: 7kg N, 2kg P ₂ O ₅ , 10kg K ₂ O, 1.5kg S, 0.01kg B, 0.01kg Zn, 0.03kgMn, 0.01kg Ca; use bees to pollinate strawberry seedlings; fertilize and water once every 2 days in sunny days and once every 2 days in rainy days; light intensity is controlled at 40000Lux; daytime temperature during flowering period Control the temperature at 23-27°C and 12-15°C at night; control the temperature at 20-25°C during the day and 8-10°C at night during the fruiting period, control the temperature of the matrix soil at 15-17°C, and the relative humidity of the environment Control it at 40%-50%, control pests and diseases; thin out incomplete flowers and invalid flowers, and remove fruits with diseased insects and insects during the fruit setting stage; harvest strawberry seedlings when they grow to 8-9 years old.

Example 3

S1. Arrange the strawberry cultivation tank horizontally according to the horizontal direction, and then place the temperature control tube in the bottom extension direction of the strawberry cultivation tank; the specification of the strawberry cultivation tank is 0.32m wide and 0.65m high;

S2. Lay fertilizer and water pipelines, and a control valve is installed at the outlet of the fertilization water pipeline; the outlet of the fertilization water pipeline is located at one end of the strawberry cultivation tank, and the other end of the strawberry cultivation tank is provided with a return pipe, and the return pipe is provided with an overflow. The sleeve is equipped with a liftable sleeve for adjusting the exposure height of the overflow;

S3, put the matrix soil in the strawberry cultivation tank, the matrix soil includes perlite, fish bone meal, and soybean meal, and their weight ratio is 1:0.3:3; the matrix soil also includes compound fertilizer, nutrient element meter, and compound fertilizer Dosage per mu: 8kg N, 7kgP ₂ O ₅ , 8kg K ₂ O, 2.5kg S, 0.01kg B, 0.01kg Zn; and 15 days before planting, the microbial fertilizer was evenly mixed into the matrix soil, the microbial The bacteria are mixed with Bacillus sphaericus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus licheniformis with a mass ratio of 6:2:3; the amount of microbial bacteria per mu is 1.5kg;

S4. Plant 1 strawberry seedling at an interval of 0.17m along the horizontal direction of the strawberry cultivation tank; after planting the strawberry seedlings, provide calcium ammonium nitrate nutrient solution when watering in the strawberry cultivation tank every 20 days, in terms of nutrient elements, each time, per mu The amount of calcium ammonium nitrate is the amount of compound fertilizer per mu: 6kg N (nitrate nitrogen is at least 80wt%), 8kg Ca, and adjust the matrix soil pH value to 6.5 in the cultivation tank;

S5. During the planting process of strawberry seedlings, strawberry seedlings are managed during the vegetative growth period and the flowering and fruiting period, including:

During the vegetative growth period of strawberry seedlings, fertilize and water once a day on sunny days and once every two days on cloudy and rainy days, and cover them in time before budding and flowering, and lift seedlings through holes;

The management of the flowering and fruiting period includes: applying compound fertilizer to the strawberry cultivation tank every 25-35 days, in terms of nutrient elements, the amount of compound fertilizer per mu: 6kg N, 2kg P ₂ O ₅ , 10kg K ₂ O, 1kg S , 0.01kg B, -0.02kg Zn, 0.03kg Mn, 0.02kg Ca; use bees to pollinate strawberry seedlings; fertilize and water once every 2 days in sunny days and once every 2 days in cloudy and rainy days; light intensity is controlled at 50000Lux; during the flowering period The temperature is controlled at 23-27°C, and the temperature at night is controlled at 12-15°C; during the fruiting period, the temperature is controlled at 20-25°C during the day, the temperature at night is controlled at 8-10°C, and the temperature of the matrix soil is controlled at 15-17°C, especially When the temperature of the matrix soil is lower than 10°C, it is necessary to turn on the heating equipment to heat the matrix; control the relative humidity at 40%-50% to prevent and control diseases and insect pests; remove incomplete flowers and invalid flowers, and remove diseased and insect fruits during the fruit setting period; Seedlings grow to 8-9 mature for harvesting.

Comparative example 1

Substrate soil is paved in cultivated land soil, and other content is identical with embodiment 1.

Comparative example 2

Do not use microbial bacterium, other content is identical with embodiment 1.

Comparative example 3

The matrix soil adopts cooked sheep manure to replace the fish bone meal and soybean meal in Example 1; others are the same as in Example 1.

Comparative example 4

Peat is used in the matrix soil to replace fish bone meal and soybean meal in Example 1; others are the same as Example 1.

Comparative example 5

In step S3, the fertilizer and microbial bacteria of the matrix soil are applied within 2 days after planting the strawberry seedlings, and the others are the same as in Example 1.

Malformed fruit rate Yield per mu (catties) sugar content Example 1 13% 2843 7.5% Example 2 15% 2882 7.7% Example 3 13.5% 2789 7.6% Comparative example 1 18% 2812 6.8% Comparative example 2 15.5% 1899 6.6% Comparative example 3 16.2% 2862 7.1% Comparative example 4 15.6% 2860 7.1% Comparative example 5 16.4% 2669 7.3%

Among them, deformed fruit refers to the situation where there are obvious non-conical shapes such as grooves, flats, spirals, and depressions, and the surface is not smooth. The sugar content test is the average sugar content of 50 non-deformed strawberries randomly selected.

Compared with the traditional ground strawberry planting method, the strawberry planting method proposed by the present invention can be planted away from the ground soil, with lower labor costs, more space-saving land occupation, and unaffected yield; Flowering and fruiting are less affected by ground soil temperature, humidity, microbial environment, and ground morphology. The rate of deformed fruit is significantly reduced, the sugar content is increased, and the taste is better.

The microbial bacteria in the strawberry planting method proposed by the present invention have a relatively obvious influence on the growth of strawberries, and the growth is relatively slow. Compared with the common organic fertilizer (decomposed sheep manure, peat, wood ash, etc.) Microbes can fix nitrogen, degrade and other functions, but this needs to be matched with suitable matrix soil components, otherwise the microbial growth environment and material composition will affect the realization of the microbial effect. Moreover, the fertilizer in the microbial bacteria and the matrix soil should be applied as soon as possible, and it should be left for a certain period of time after application, so that the yield is better and the deformed fruit is less. Especially the fertilizer of matrix soil, which is not easy to apply when planting, will obviously increase the rate of deformed fruit.

In addition, during the growth process of strawberries, it is not easy to fertilize too frequently, otherwise it is more likely to have rotten fruit or a significantly high rate of deformed fruit. However, it is not advisable to compost too much at one time in order to reduce the number of composting, which will lead to a significant increase in the rate of deformed fruit and a significant reduction in sugar content.

The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but they are only examples, and the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. For those skilled in the art, any equivalent modifications and substitutions to the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. Strawberry planting method, is characterized in that, comprises: S1. Arrange the strawberry cultivation tank horizontally according to the horizontal direction, and then arrange the temperature regulating tube along the bottom extension direction in the strawberry cultivation tank; S2. Lay fertilizer and water pipelines, and a control valve is installed at the outlet of the fertilization water pipeline; the outlet of the fertilization water pipeline is located at one end of the strawberry cultivation tank, and the other end of the strawberry cultivation tank is provided with a return pipe, and the return pipe is provided with an overflow. The sleeve is equipped with a liftable sleeve for adjusting the exposure height of the overflow; S3. Place the matrix soil in the strawberry cultivation tank, and mix the microbial bacteria into the matrix soil at least 15 days before planting, and add an appropriate amount of water to the matrix soil at the same time, and mix evenly; S4, plant 1 strawberry seedling at an interval of 0.14-0.17m along the horizontal direction of the strawberry cultivation tank; S5. During the planting process of the strawberry seedlings, the strawberry seedlings are managed during the vegetative growth period and the flowering and fruiting period. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S3, the matrix soil includes perlite, fish bone meal, soybean meal, and their weight ratio is 1:0.2-0.4:2-3. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S3, compound fertilizer is also included in the matrix soil, in terms of nutrient elements, and the amount of compound fertilizer is per mu: 6-9kg N, _6-9kg P O ₅ , 6-9kg K ₂ O, 1.5-3kg S, 0.01-0.03kg B, 0.01-0.03kg Zn. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S3, the microbial bacteria are composed of Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus licheniformis with a mass ratio of 4-6:1.5-2:3-3.5 Bacteria are mixed; the amount of microbial bacteria per mu is 1-2kg. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S4, after planting strawberry seedlings, every 15-25 days, calcium ammonium nitrate nutrient solution is provided when watering in the strawberry cultivation tank, in terms of nutrient elements, every time The amount of calcium ammonium nitrate per mu is the amount of compound fertilizer per mu: 5-8kg N, 7-10kg Ca, and adjust the pH value of the substrate soil in the cultivation tank to 6-6.8, wherein the nitrate nitrogen in the N is at least 80wt% . 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S5, the management of the flowering and fruiting period includes: controlling the light intensity at 30000-50000Lux. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S5, the management of the flowering and fruiting period comprises: providing fluid in the temperature regulating tube to control the temperature of the substrate soil at 15-17°C. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S5, the management of the flowering and fruiting period comprises: controlling the relative humidity in the environment at 40%-50%. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S5, every 25-35 days, compound fertilizer is applied to the strawberry cultivation tank, in terms of nutrient elements, the amount of compound fertilizer per mu: 5-8kg N, 2-3kg P ₂ O ₅ , 8-12kg K ₂ O, 1-1.5kg S, 0.01-0.02kg B, 0.01-0.02kg Zn, 0.03-0.05kg Mn, 0.01-0.02kg Ca. 10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S5, the management of the flowering and fruiting period includes: controlling the temperature at 23-27°C during the daytime during the flowering period, and controlling the temperature at 12-15°C at night; The temperature is controlled at 20-25°C, and at night the temperature is controlled at 8-10°C.