CN112961698A - Complete set of landfill waste plastic pyrolysis device and method - Google Patents
Complete set of landfill waste plastic pyrolysis device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112961698A CN112961698A CN202110141932.8A CN202110141932A CN112961698A CN 112961698 A CN112961698 A CN 112961698A CN 202110141932 A CN202110141932 A CN 202110141932A CN 112961698 A CN112961698 A CN 112961698A
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YZVPXDDDYJRYGS-UHFFFAOYSA-H [C+4].C([O-])([O-])=O.[Ca+2].C([O-])([O-])=O.C([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [C+4].C([O-])([O-])=O.[Ca+2].C([O-])([O-])=O.C([O-])([O-])=O YZVPXDDDYJRYGS-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005899 aromatization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/002—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal in combination with oil conversion- or refining processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
- B29B2017/0217—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor
- B29B2017/0237—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor using density difference
- B29B2017/0241—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor using density difference in gas, e.g. air flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
- B29B2017/0262—Specific separating techniques using electrical caracteristics
- B29B2017/0265—Electrostatic separation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a complete set of landfill waste plastic pyrolysis device and a complete set of landfill waste plastic pyrolysis method. And analyzing the content of the recovered liquid phase product by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, and regulating and controlling the proportion of the pyrolysis material in each pyrolysis area in the pyrolysis furnace according to an analysis result. The invention provides a landfill waste plastic pyrolysis device of the system, and the whole device system has stronger universality for disposal of waste plastic of each landfill and can be transported to other landfills to be continuously put into use after the project is finished; the limit that waste plastics need to be disposed of in multiple places and multiple factories is reduced, and the efficiency and the product quality of the pyrolysis system are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of waste plastic treatment, in particular to a complete-system and efficient landfill waste plastic pyrolysis device.
Background
According to the journal of the american society for scientific advancement, it is expected that in 2050, more than 130 million tons of waste plastic will be discarded in landfills and environments. Compared with the treatment technologies of waste plastic recycling, incineration and the like, the waste plastic pyrolysis technology has the characteristics of large treatment capacity, high benefit, small environmental pollution and the like, and better conforms to the recycling, harmless and reduction principles of waste treatment. However, at present, a complete system device is lacked for the disposal of waste plastics in landfills, and steps such as mining, sorting, pyrolysis and the like are carried to a plurality of places for disposal by a plurality of enterprises. In this process, the treatment efficiency and the economy are deteriorated.
In addition, it has been found in research that the waste plastics of landfills have complicated components, mainly including High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and the like. The liquid fuel obtained by directly pyrolyzing the waste plastics in the landfill site is hydrocarbon substances with wider boiling points, wherein the content of light fractions such as gasoline, diesel oil and the like is not high and the quality is low. In addition, foreign researchers find that the co-pyrolysis of the biomass and the high-density polyethylene and polypropylene in the waste plastic has an obvious synergistic effect, the co-pyrolysis can reduce the relative molecular mass of a liquid-phase product under a proper proportion, the yield of a light liquid-phase product is improved, the oxygen content of a heavy liquid-phase product is reduced, and the olefin substances in a gas product are obviously reduced. Moreover, China is a big agricultural country, biomass resources are abundant, and a large amount of straw, wheat straw, bagasse and reed resources can be reserved near the landfill site according to site selection requirements of the landfill site. If the advantages of co-pyrolysis of biomass and waste plastics can be fully utilized, the application of the biomass and waste plastics to pyrolysis disposal of landfill garbage can improve the efficiency of waste plastics disposal and the quality of products.
In summary, it is necessary to find a complete system and efficient device which can utilize a large amount of biomass resources near a landfill site and perform waste plastic pyrolysis and energy production with high efficiency and high quality for various materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a complete-system and efficient landfill waste plastic pyrolysis device and method aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a complete set of waste plastic pyrolysis device for a landfill comprises a winnowing machine, a plate conveyor, a plastic crusher, an electrostatic separation device, a spiral feeder, a pyrolysis furnace, a distiller and a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer;
the front of the inlet end of the plate conveyor is connected with a conveying belt, the winnowing machine is installed on the conveying belt and comprises a fan and a screen, the winnowing machine is provided with the fan at one end of the conveying belt, the other end of the conveying belt is provided with the screen, under the blast of the fan, a plastic film in the waste plastics of the landfill is blown to one end of the screen by wind and falls on the conveying belt, the plastic film enters the plate conveyor, and a heavy object mixed in the plastic film is conveyed to the fan end by the conveying belt and falls and is collected. The top end of the plate conveyor is provided with a nozzle, the bottom end of the plate conveyor is provided with a sewage collector, the garbage after winnowing is cleaned by water flow sprayed from the nozzle, and sewage is collected by the sewage collector; the plastic crusher is arranged at the output end of the plate conveyor and is used for crushing the winnowed garbage to the granularity required by the electrostatic separation device;
the electrostatic separation device comprises a high-voltage generation device, an electrostatic separator and a receiving hopper; the electrostatic separator comprises a grounding rotating roller, an equipment baffle plate with adjustable distance is installed on the receiving hopper, the high-voltage generating device generates high-voltage static electricity to discharge to the grounding rotating roller, plastics are thrown out of the receiving hopper by the inertia of the rotating roller, and corona voltage and a round roller are arrangedThe voltage and the distance of the adjusting equipment baffle plate realize polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) (the density is about 0.941-0.965g/cm3) Sorting.
The pyrolysis furnace is provided with three mutually independent pyrolysis areas, polypropylene (PP) subjected to electrostatic separation and biomass are mixed and then are sent into a first pyrolysis area in the pyrolysis furnace through a spiral feeder, calcium oxide is added into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) subjected to electrostatic separation to serve as a chlorine adsorbent, the mixture is sent into a second pyrolysis area in the pyrolysis furnace, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) subjected to electrostatic separation and biomass are mixed and then a ZSM-5 molecular sieve is added, and the mixture is sent into a third pyrolysis area in the pyrolysis furnace.
And (3) introducing the plastics in the three pyrolysis areas of the pyrolysis furnace into a distiller to recover three energy sources of gasoline, kerosene and diesel oil according to different boiling points after pyrolysis. And analyzing the content of the recovered liquid phase product by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, and regulating and controlling the proportion of the pyrolysis material in each pyrolysis area in the pyrolysis furnace according to an analysis result.
Furthermore, the top of the pyrolysis furnace is provided with a pipeline connected with a distiller, the pipeline is provided with a gas scrubber, and an outlet of the distiller is communicated back to the pyrolysis furnace through the gas scrubber.
Furthermore, the sewage collector has a sewage purification function, and purified sewage is conveyed to the nozzle and can be recycled.
Further, the biomass is straw, peanut vine and the like obtained from the place near a landfill.
Further, biomass is added into the polypropylene (PP), and the mass percentage is 20-25%; the weight percentage of calcium oxide added in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is 10-15%; the mass percentage of biomass in the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is 20-25%, and the catalyst is ZSM-5 molecular sieve with the mass percentage of 5-10%.
Further, the wind pressure of the fan in the winnowing machine is 1200-1500Pa and the wind quantity is 8000m3In terms of hours.
Furthermore, the crushing granularity of the plastic crusher is 0.25-1 mm.
Further, the corona voltage of the electrostatic sorting device is set to be-15 to-20 kV, the voltage of the round roller is set to be 15 to 18kV, sorting is repeated for 3 times, one plastic is sorted each time, and three plastics are sorted out altogether.
Further, the temperature in the pyrolysis furnace is 400-450 ℃.
The invention also provides a pyrolysis method of the complete set of landfill waste plastic pyrolysis device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the garbage mined in the landfill is primarily sorted by a vibrating screen, a drum screen and the like and then is sent to a winnowing machine for winnowing. The garbage after air separation enters a plate conveyor to be washed by water, dregs attached to the garbage are removed, and the washed garbage is crushed to the granularity required by an electrostatic separation device by a plastic crusher;
(2) the electrostatic separation device achieves the purpose of separation by utilizing the difference of the electrical property of different plastics in a high-voltage electric field. The method specifically comprises the following steps: high-voltage static electricity generated by a high-voltage generating device discharges to the grounded rotary roller, and in addition, the inertia of the rotary roller enables plastic to be thrown out of the receiving hopper, and separation of polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is achieved by setting corona voltage, round roller voltage and adjusting the distance of the equipment baffle.
(3) The polypropylene (PP) subjected to electrostatic separation and the biomass are mixed and then are sent into a first pyrolysis area in the pyrolysis furnace through a spiral feeder, calcium oxide is added into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) subjected to electrostatic separation to serve as a chlorine adsorbent, the mixture is sent into a second pyrolysis area in the pyrolysis furnace, a ZSM-5 molecular sieve is added into the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) subjected to electrostatic separation and the biomass after the mixture is mixed, and the mixture is sent into a third pyrolysis area in the pyrolysis furnace.
(4) And (3) introducing the plastics in the three pyrolysis areas of the pyrolysis furnace into a distiller to recover three energy sources of gasoline, kerosene and diesel oil according to different boiling points after pyrolysis. And analyzing the content of the recovered liquid phase product by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, and regulating and controlling the proportion of the pyrolysis material in each pyrolysis area in the pyrolysis furnace according to an analysis result.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the landfill waste plastic pyrolysis device of the system provided by the invention reduces the limitation that waste plastic needs to be treated in multiple places and multiple factories, and improves the efficiency and the product quality of the pyrolysis system;
2. the pyrolysis process is ensured to be carried out smoothly, and meanwhile, the synthesis gas generated by pyrolysis is subjected to regenerative utilization, so that the energy utilization rate of a system is improved;
3. the whole device system has stronger universality for waste plastic disposal of each landfill site, and can be transported to other landfill sites to be continuously put into use after the project is finished;
4. the whole set of device system comprises product analysis, and results can be fed back to the selection of the proportion of pyrolysis materials, so that the quality and yield of light oil can be effectively improved, and the instability of the quality of pyrolysis oil production under a single mixing proportion is reduced.
5. The device has complete system, reasonable arrangement and high pyrolysis yield and product quality, and can provide a powerful way for disposing the waste plastics in the landfill site by pyrolysis of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a complete landfill waste plastic pyrolysis device provided by the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a winnowing machine; 2. a sewage collector; 3. a slat conveyor; 4. a nozzle; 5. a plastic crusher; 6. a high voltage generating device; 7. an electrostatic classifier; 8. a receiving hopper; 9. a screw feeder; 10. a pyrolysis furnace; 11. a gas scrubber; 12. a distiller; 13. gas chromatography-mass spectrometer.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the complete set of waste plastic pyrolysis device for landfill sites provided by the invention comprises a winnowing machine 1, a plate conveyor 3, a plastic crusher 5, an electrostatic separation device, a screw feeder 9, a pyrolysis furnace 10, a distiller 12 and a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer 13;
the front of the inlet end of the plate conveyor 3 is connected with a conveying belt, the winnowing machine 1 is installed on the conveying belt and comprises a fan and a screen, a light object outlet and a circulating air port are arranged during separation, the fan is installed at one end of the conveying belt of the winnowing machine, the screen is installed at the other end of the conveying belt, and the winnowing machine is filled with blast air of the fanThe plastic film in the waste plastic of the landfill is blown to one end of the screen mesh and falls on the conveyer belt, enters the plate conveyor 3, and the heavy objects mixed in the plastic film are conveyed to the fan end by the conveyer belt and fall and are collected. The wind pressure of the fan in the winnowing machine 1 is 1200-1500Pa and the wind quantity is 8000m3In terms of hours. The leaching device is uniformly distributed in the plate conveyor 3, the top end of the leaching device is provided with a nozzle 4, the bottom end of the leaching device is provided with a sewage collector 2, the water flow sprayed by the nozzle 4 by the leaching device is used for cleaning the garbage after air separation and washing away dregs attached to the garbage after air separation, and the sewage is collected by the sewage collector 2; the sewage collector 2 has a sewage purification function, and purified sewage is conveyed to the nozzle 4 and can be recycled. The plastic crusher 5 is arranged at the output end of the plate conveyor 3 and crushes the garbage subjected to air separation to the granularity required by the electrostatic separation device; the plastic crusher 5 has a crushing granularity of 0.25-1 mm.
The electrostatic separation device comprises a high-voltage generation device 6, an electrostatic separator 7 and a receiving hopper 8; the electrostatic separator 7 comprises a grounding rotary roller, an equipment baffle plate with adjustable distance is installed on the material receiving hopper 8, the high-voltage generating device 6 generates high-voltage static electricity to discharge electricity to the grounding rotary roller, and waste plastics are conveyed to the upper surface of the rotary roller through the blanking device. After the plastics are electrified, the electricity is discharged to the ground through the grounded rotating roller, the plastics are thrown out into the receiving hopper 8 by the inertia of the rotating roller, and polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) (the density is about 0.941-0.965 g/cm) are realized by setting corona voltage, round roller voltage and adjusting the distance of a baffle plate of the equipment3) Sorting. The corona voltage of the electrostatic sorting device is set to be-15 to-20 kV, the voltage of the round roller is set to be 15 to 18kV, sorting is repeated for 3 times, one plastic is sorted out each time, and three plastics are sorted out altogether.
The pyrolysis furnace 10 is provided with three mutually independent pyrolysis areas, the three mutually independent pyrolysis areas cannot be mutually influenced during pyrolysis, the polypropylene (PP) subjected to electrostatic separation and biomass are mixed and then are conveyed into a first pyrolysis area in the pyrolysis furnace through a spiral feeder 9, and the biomass is added into the polypropylene (PP), wherein the mass percentage of the biomass is 20-25%; adding calcium oxide serving as a chlorine adsorbent into the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) subjected to electrostatic separation, mixing, and then sending the mixture into a second pyrolysis area in the pyrolysis furnace, wherein the mass fraction of the calcium oxide added into the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is 10-15%; and mixing the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) subjected to electrostatic separation with biomass, adding a ZSM-5 molecular sieve, and feeding the mixture into a third pyrolysis region in the pyrolysis furnace, wherein the mass ratio of the biomass in the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is 20-25%, and the mass ratio of a catalyst is 5-10% of that of the ZSM-5 molecular sieve. The biomass is straw, peanut vine and the like obtained from the place near a landfill. The temperature in the pyrolysis furnace 10 is 400-450 ℃.
The pyrolysis furnace 10 is connected with the distiller 12 through a pipeline, a branch is arranged at an outlet of the distiller 12, one branch is used for collecting three liquid phase products of distilled gasoline, kerosene and diesel oil, and the other branch leads the synthesis gas to the pyrolysis furnace 10 for regenerative utilization. The plastics in the three pyrolysis areas of the pyrolysis furnace 10 are pyrolyzed and then introduced into a distiller 12, and after gasification and condensation, three energy sources of gasoline, kerosene and diesel oil are recovered according to different boiling points. The content of the recovered liquid phase product is analyzed by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer 13 to obtain the content conditions of the three products, and the mixing ratio of the biomass and the plastic in each pyrolysis area in the pyrolysis furnace 10 is regulated and controlled according to the analysis result, so that the quality and the yield of the oil product in the whole process are ensured. The pyrolysis furnace 10 and the distiller 12 are provided with a gas scrubber 11 on the pipeline, and the outlet of the distiller 12 is communicated back to the pyrolysis furnace 10 through the gas scrubber 11 by a pipeline. The rest of the synthesis gas in the distiller 12 is led to a gas scrubber for purifying gas by a branch and then is continuously led to the pyrolysis furnace, so that the whole system device is more efficient. The connection between the devices is detachable.
The invention also provides a pyrolysis method of the complete set of landfill waste plastic pyrolysis device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the garbage mined in the landfill is primarily sorted by the steps of a vibrating screen, a drum screen and the like and then is sent into the winnowing machine 1 to move towards the fan, and meanwhile, the garbage is blown up by wind and moves in the reverse direction of the conveyer belt, the screen has the function of unloading the wind, heavy objects such as bricks and stones contained in the garbage cannot be blown by the wind, and the heavy objects fall down and are collected when the conveyer belt moves to one end of the fan. The garbage after air separation enters a plate conveyor 3 for water washing treatment to remove residue soil attached to the garbage, and the garbage after washing is crushed to the granularity required by an electrostatic separation device by a plastic crusher 5;
(2) the crushed light garbage is sent into an electrostatic separator, the materials are dried firstly, and the electrostatic separator achieves the separation purpose by utilizing the difference of the electrical property of different plastics in a high-voltage electric field. The method specifically comprises the following steps: high-voltage static electricity generated by the high-voltage generating device 6 discharges to the grounded rotating roller, plastics are thrown out of the receiving hopper 8 by the inertia of the rotating roller, and when materials are brought into a high-voltage electric field acted by a corona electrode through a rotating drum barrel, the materials are acted by various electric power, centrifugal force and gravity. The separation of polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is realized by setting corona voltage, round roller voltage and adjusting the distance of a device baffle.
(3) The polypropylene (PP) subjected to electrostatic separation and the biomass are mixed and then are sent into a first pyrolysis area in the pyrolysis furnace through a spiral feeder 9, calcium oxide is added into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) subjected to electrostatic separation to serve as a chlorine adsorbent, the mixture is sent into a second pyrolysis area in the pyrolysis furnace, and a ZSM-5 molecular sieve is added into the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) subjected to electrostatic separation and the biomass after the mixture is mixed and then is sent into a third pyrolysis area in the pyrolysis furnace.
(4) After plastics in three pyrolysis areas of the pyrolysis furnace 10 are pyrolyzed, the plastics are introduced into a distiller 12 to recover three energy sources of gasoline, kerosene and diesel oil according to different boiling points. The content of the recovered liquid phase product is analyzed by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer 13, and the proportion of the pyrolysis material in each pyrolysis region in the pyrolysis furnace 10 is regulated and controlled according to the analysis result.
Compared with primary garbage, the landfill garbage has more obvious energy utilization advantages, basically contains no degradable organic matters such as kitchen garbage and the like, and has high plastic content. However, because the content of chlorine and heavy metals in the landfill garbage is higher than that of the original garbage, the existing separation treatment process cannot effectively remove the residue soil rich in heavy metal pollutants in plastics, and is not beneficial to resource utilization modes such as later pyrolysis and the like. Therefore, the invention improves the existing landfill garbage sorting treatment device, adds a water washing procedure after the air separator, elutes the residue soil attached on the garbage, improves the purity of the obtained plastic products, and finally realizes high-efficiency utilization of the waste plastics.
The main components of the waste plastics are High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and the like. When HDPE is pyrolyzed, the generated small molecular hydrocarbon and furan substances in biomass pyrolysis products form aromatic hydrocarbon through diene synthesis reaction, and the small molecular olefin can be converted into the aromatic hydrocarbon through oligomerization reaction, cyclization reaction and aromatization reaction under the action of a catalyst. Polypropylene and biomass were mixed in a ratio of 8: 2, the two reactants have stronger synergistic action when being mixed and pyrolyzed, and the oil yield can be increased. PVC pyrolysis occurs through a chain stripping mechanism, which results in the production of harmful chlorides such as hydrogen chloride (HCl), chlorinated olefins, and chlorinated aromatics. HCl can be removed to a certain extent by adding 10% of chlorine adsorbent such as calcium oxide or calcium carbonate-carbon composite before pyrolysis, and the chlorine content in the product oil is reduced.
These studies show that the optimal conditions for pyrolysis of plastics of different materials are different, and that the reaction efficiency and the oil yield can be effectively improved if the plastics of different materials in the waste plastics of the landfill site can be separated and pyrolyzed respectively according to the material characteristics. Therefore, the complete equipment which utilizes static separation to separate different materials of the waste plastics of the landfill and carries out pyrolysis on the different materials of the plastics on site has wide application prospect.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned list is only a specific embodiment of the present invention. It is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A complete set of waste plastic pyrolysis device for a landfill site is characterized by comprising a winnowing machine (1), a plate conveyor (3), a plastic crusher (5), an electrostatic separation device, a screw feeder (9), a pyrolysis furnace (10), a distiller (12) and a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (13);
the utility model discloses a landfill waste plastics processing method, including plate conveyor (3), the entering of plate conveyor (3) is held the front and is connected with the conveyer belt, air separator (1) is installed on the conveyer belt, including fan and screen cloth, air separator has the fan at conveyer belt one end, and the conveyer belt other end is installed the screen cloth, and under the blast air of fan, plastic film in the landfill waste plastics is blown the screen cloth one end and is fallen on the conveyer belt, gets into plate conveyor (3), and the heavy object that is mingled with in the plastic film is carried the fan by the conveyer belt and is held and fall and collect. The top end of the plate conveyor (3) is provided with a nozzle (4), the bottom end of the plate conveyor is provided with a sewage collector (2), the garbage after air separation is cleaned by water flow sprayed from the nozzle (4), and sewage is collected by the sewage collector (2); the plastic crusher (5) is arranged at the output end of the plate conveyor (3) and is used for crushing the winnowed garbage to the granularity required by the electrostatic separation device;
the electrostatic separation device comprises a high-voltage generation device (6), an electrostatic separator (7) and a receiving hopper (8); electrostatic separation machine (7) are including ground connection rotation roller, connect and install adjustable distance's equipment baffle on hopper (8), high voltage generating device (6) produce corona voltage and discharge to ground connection rotation roller, including the inertia of rotatory roller, plastics are thrown out to connect in hopper (8), realize polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) (density is about 0.941-0.965 g/cm) far and near through setting up corona voltage, roller voltage, adjusting device baffle3) Sorting.
The pyrolysis furnace (10) is provided with three mutually independent pyrolysis areas, polypropylene (PP) subjected to electrostatic separation and biomass are mixed and then are sent into a first pyrolysis area in the pyrolysis furnace through a spiral feeder (9), calcium oxide serving as a chlorine adsorbent is added into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) subjected to electrostatic separation and then is sent into a second pyrolysis area in the pyrolysis furnace, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) subjected to electrostatic separation and biomass are mixed and then are added with a ZSM-5 molecular sieve, and the mixture is sent into a third pyrolysis area in the pyrolysis furnace.
After plastics in three pyrolysis areas of the pyrolysis furnace (10) are pyrolyzed, the plastics are introduced into a distiller (12) to recover three energy sources of gasoline, kerosene and diesel oil according to different boiling points. And analyzing the content of the recovered liquid phase product by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (13), and regulating and controlling the proportion of pyrolysis materials in each pyrolysis region in the pyrolysis furnace (10) according to an analysis result.
2. A complete set of waste plastic pyrolysis apparatus for landfill according to claim 1, characterized in that the top of the pyrolysis furnace (10) is provided with a pipeline connected with a still (12), the pipeline is provided with a gas scrubber (11), and the outlet of the still (12) is communicated back to the pyrolysis furnace (10) through the gas scrubber (11) via a pipeline.
3. A complete set of waste plastic pyrolysis apparatus for landfill according to claim 1, characterized in that the sewage collector (2) has a sewage purification function, and the purified sewage is transported to the nozzle (4) for recycling.
4. A complete set of waste plastic pyrolysis device for landfill as claimed in claim 1 wherein the biomass is straw, peanut vine or the like obtained on site from the vicinity of the landfill.
5. The complete set of waste plastic pyrolysis device for landfill as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of biomass added in polypropylene (PP) is 20-25%; the weight percentage of calcium oxide added in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is 10-15%; the mass percentage of biomass in the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is 20-25%, and the catalyst is ZSM-5 molecular sieve with the mass percentage of 5-10%.
6. The complete set of waste plastic pyrolysis device for landfill as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wind pressure of the fan in the winnowing machine (1) is 1200-1500Pa and the wind volume is 8000m3In terms of hours.
7. A unitized landfill waste plastic pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plastic crusher (5) crushes a grain size of 0.25 to 1 mm.
8. The complete set of waste plastic pyrolysis device for landfill sites as claimed in claim 1, wherein the corona voltage of the electrostatic separation device is set to-15 to-20 kV, the round roller voltage is set to 15 to 18kV, the separation is repeated for 3 times, one plastic is separated out each time, and three plastics are separated out altogether.
9. The waste plastic pyrolysis device of a complete landfill as set forth in claim 1, wherein the temperature in the pyrolysis furnace (10) is 400-450 ℃.
10. A pyrolysis method of a set of landfill waste plastic pyrolysis units according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
(1) the garbage mined in the landfill is primarily sorted by a vibrating screen, a drum screen and the like and then is sent to a winnowing machine (1) for winnowing. The garbage after air separation enters a plate conveyor (3) for water washing treatment to remove residue soil attached to the garbage, and the garbage after washing is crushed to the granularity required by an electrostatic separation device by a plastic crusher (5);
(2) the electrostatic separation device achieves the purpose of separation by utilizing the difference of the electrical property of different plastics in a high-voltage electric field. The method specifically comprises the following steps: high-voltage static electricity generated by the high-voltage generating device (6) discharges to the grounded rotary roller, and in addition, the inertia of the rotary roller enables plastic to be thrown out of the receiving hopper (8), and sorting of polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is achieved by setting corona voltage, round roller voltage and adjusting the distance of the baffle of the equipment.
(3) The polypropylene (PP) subjected to electrostatic separation and the biomass are mixed and then are sent into a first pyrolysis area in the pyrolysis furnace through a spiral feeder (9), calcium oxide is added into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) subjected to electrostatic separation to serve as a chlorine adsorbent, the mixture is sent into a second pyrolysis area in the pyrolysis furnace, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) subjected to electrostatic separation and the biomass are mixed and then are added with a ZSM-5 molecular sieve, and the mixture is sent into a third pyrolysis area in the pyrolysis furnace.
(4) After plastics in three pyrolysis areas of the pyrolysis furnace (10) are pyrolyzed, the plastics are introduced into a distiller (12) to recover three energy sources of gasoline, kerosene and diesel oil according to different boiling points. And analyzing the content of the recovered liquid phase product by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (13), and regulating and controlling the proportion of pyrolysis materials in each pyrolysis region in the pyrolysis furnace (10) according to an analysis result.
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