CN114308978A - Garbage treatment system and method - Google Patents
Garbage treatment system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114308978A CN114308978A CN202111397118.9A CN202111397118A CN114308978A CN 114308978 A CN114308978 A CN 114308978A CN 202111397118 A CN202111397118 A CN 202111397118A CN 114308978 A CN114308978 A CN 114308978A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, and provides a garbage treatment system and a garbage treatment method, wherein the garbage treatment system comprises: the device comprises a crushing device, a drying device, a sorting device, a pyrolysis device and a combustion reactor, wherein high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion reactor is conveyed to the pyrolysis device and the drying device through pipelines. The processing method comprises the following steps: crushing the garbage to be treated; drying the crushed garbage; sorting the dried garbage, sorting metals in the garbage, and screening combustible garbage with preset weight or volume as solid recovery fuel; carrying out pyrolysis treatment on the sorted garbage with preset weight or volume to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis slag; and burning the pyrolysis gas to generate high-temperature flue gas, and providing heat for the pyrolysis device and the drying device by using the high-temperature flue gas as a heat source. According to the garbage treatment system and the garbage treatment method, an external drying heat source is not needed, and energy recycling in the system can be realized while garbage is treated and solid recovery fuel is prepared.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, in particular to a garbage treatment system and a garbage treatment method.
Background
Incineration power generation is gradually becoming the main method of garbage disposal in China as a harmless, reducing and recycling treatment mode. However, the cost of building a waste incineration power plant is high, and the waste treatment capacity is required to be of a certain scale, otherwise, the benefit is difficult to generate.
The waste incineration power plant is difficult to implement in the rural areas due to small waste treatment amount, capital pressure and the like. Therefore, many rural areas choose to land-fill the waste. However, if the landfill site is far away from the residential area, the problems of inconvenient traffic and increased transportation cost can be caused; if the landfill site is close to the residential area, the living environment nearby can be polluted. In the past, the domestic garbage in villages and towns is difficult to be fundamentally solved.
Solid Recovery Fuel (SRF) is a highly heterogeneous mixture prepared from the high calorific value fraction of non-hazardous waste. The fuel is a novel fuel following Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF), and can provide guarantee for the operation of equipment, combustion stability and low emission of pollutants. Aiming at the condition that the quantity of garbage in villages and small towns is small, a method for preparing fixed recovery fuel can be adopted for treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a waste disposal system which can efficiently dispose of waste and make part of combustible therein into a solid recovered fuel while consuming relatively low energy.
In order to achieve the above object, an aspect of the present invention provides a garbage disposal system, including: the crushing device is used for crushing the garbage to be treated; the drying device is used for drying the crushed garbage; the sorting device is used for sorting out metals in the garbage to be treated and screening combustible garbage in the dried garbage; the pyrolysis device is used for receiving the sorted garbage with preset weight or volume and carrying out pyrolysis treatment to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis slag; the combustion reactor is used for receiving the pyrolysis gas and/or the pyrolysis slag and combusting the pyrolysis gas and/or the pyrolysis slag to generate high-temperature flue gas; the drying device also receives the high-temperature flue gas, and the heat of the high-temperature flue gas is utilized to carry out drying treatment on the crushed garbage; and the pipeline for conveying the high-temperature flue gas is also connected with the pyrolysis device and used for providing heat for the pyrolysis device.
Preferably, the high-temperature flue gas flows through the pyrolysis device and the drying device in sequence.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
and the smoke purification device is used for purifying the high-temperature smoke after heat exchange.
Preferably, the periphery of the pyrolysis device is provided with a heat exchange device, one end of the heat exchange device is connected with the high-temperature flue gas, and the other end of the heat exchange device is connected with the drying device.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: and the solid recovery fuel storage is connected with the sorting device through a conveying belt so as to receive and store the combustible garbage with preset weight or volume.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: and the garbage storage warehouse is used for storing the garbage to be treated.
In order to achieve the above object, another aspect of the present invention provides a garbage disposal method applied to the garbage disposal system described above, including the following steps:
the crushing device is used for crushing the garbage to be treated;
the drying device dries the crushed garbage;
the sorting device sorts the dried garbage, sorts metals in the garbage, and screens combustible garbage with preset weight or volume as solid recovery fuel;
the pyrolysis device is used for carrying out pyrolysis treatment on the sorted garbage with preset weight or volume to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis slag;
and burning the pyrolysis gas and/or the pyrolysis slag by the combustion reactor to generate high-temperature flue gas, and continuously drying the crushed garbage by using the high-temperature flue gas.
Preferably, the pyrolysis device is used for carrying out pyrolysis treatment on the sorted garbage with preset weight or volume by using the high-temperature flue gas as a heat source.
Preferably, the high-temperature flue gas after heat exchange flowing out of the pyrolysis device and/or the drying device needs to be purified.
Preferably, when the metals in the garbage are sorted out and combustible garbage with preset weight or volume is screened as solid recovery fuel, the non-combustible garbage is also removed.
According to the above description and practice, the garbage treatment system and the garbage treatment method provided by the invention firstly utilize the crushing device to pretreat the garbage to be treated, then carry out drying treatment on the garbage, and then utilize the sorting device to sort out the metals in the garbage; wherein, a part of the garbage is used for pyrolysis treatment to generate pyrolysis gas, then the pyrolysis gas and/or the pyrolysis slag are combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas, and then the high-temperature flue gas is used for supplying heat for the pyrolysis device and the drying device; combustible garbage in the garbage treated by the sorting device can be recycled as solid recycling fuel. The garbage treatment system can be used for treating garbage and preparing the solid recovery fuel without introducing an additional heat source, so that the cost of garbage treatment and solid recovery fuel preparation can be reduced. In addition, the high-temperature flue gas which flows out of the drying device and exchanges heat is purified, so that air pollution in the garbage treatment process can be avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a garbage disposal system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a garbage disposal method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments, however, may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a garbage disposal system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the garbage disposal system in this embodiment includes: crushing device, mummification device, sorting unit, pyrolysis device and combustion reactor. Wherein, the breaker can select for use the coarse crusher for carry out preliminary breakage to the rubbish of handling, handle into the rubbish that the particle diameter is less than default dimension with it, be convenient for carry on follow-up other processing procedures. The drying device is used for drying the garbage after the primary crushing. The sorting device is used for sorting out metals in the garbage, facilitating subsequent pyrolysis treatment and screening part of combustible garbage in the dried garbage. The pyrolysis device is used for carrying out pyrolysis treatment on part of the garbage to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis slag. And the pyrolysis gas and/or the pyrolysis slag are conveyed to a combustion reactor to be combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas. In this embodiment, the heat sources used by the drying device and the pyrolysis device are high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion in the combustion reactor.
The high-temperature flue gas exchanges heat when passing through the pyrolysis device or the drying device, the temperature is reduced, and the high-temperature flue gas is discharged only by further treatment. Therefore, in the garbage disposal system of this embodiment, a flue gas purification device is further provided for purifying the high-temperature flue gas after heat exchange flowing out of the pyrolysis device and the drying device.
In addition, in this embodiment, the garbage disposal system further comprises a garbage repository for storing the garbage to be disposed.
In addition, in order to improve the efficiency of pyrolysis, the sorting device can also carry out crushing treatment on the garbage and further screen combustible garbage in the garbage to be treated. For example, in the case of household waste, it can be classified into combustible waste and other waste. The combustible garbage can be used for preparing solid recovered fuel, and other garbage is mainly non-combustible inorganic matters and metals.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the sorting apparatus includes: the device comprises a magnetic separator, a screening system, a winnowing machine, a fine crusher, a light garbage storage bin, a heavy garbage storage bin and belt conveyors for conveying materials among various devices. When the magnetic separator is used, the dried garbage is conveyed to a magnetic separator by a belt conveyor, and a part of magnetic metals, such as iron, nickel and the like, carried in the garbage are separated. The waste is then conveyed to a screening system where it is screened into oversize waste of larger particles and undersize waste of smaller particles.
And respectively carrying out magnetic separation treatment on the oversize garbage and the undersize garbage by using a magnetic separator for one time, and further separating out the magnetic metals in the oversize garbage and the undersize garbage. And then, wind power separation is respectively carried out on the oversize garbage and the undersize garbage by using a wind separator. It should be noted that the power of the winnowing machines used by the two machines is different because the particle size of the waste on the screen is larger than that of the waste under the screen. The power of the winnowing machine used for the garbage on the screen is larger than that of the winnowing machine used for the garbage under the screen.
After the air separation, the garbage on the screen is divided into light garbage and heavy garbage, and the garbage under the screen is divided into light garbage and heavy garbage. The light garbage is the combustible garbage and comprises organic matters such as wood and straw and combustible inorganic matters such as plastics and rubber; the heavy garbage and the magnetic metal are the above incombustible garbage and comprise metal, stone, tile and the like.
The light garbage can be further crushed by a fine crusher so as to be convenient for subsequent pyrolysis treatment. And finally, conveying the light garbage to a light garbage storage bin, and conveying the heavy garbage to a heavy garbage storage bin. The particle size of the garbage crushed by the coarse crusher and the fine crusher can be set according to actual requirements, and is not described herein again.
In other embodiments, other existing mechanical devices can be used to separate the garbage into combustible garbage and non-combustible garbage, and further description is omitted here.
The sorting operation classifies the garbage, and is convenient for subsequent targeted treatment. For example, the metal can be recycled, the heavy garbage can be used as building materials, and the light garbage, namely combustible garbage can be used for preparing solid recovery fuel and can also be used for carrying out pyrolysis treatment to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis slag. Of course, if the separation operation is performed, part of the heavy garbage contains combustible garbage, and the part of the heavy garbage can also be sent into the pyrolysis device for pyrolysis treatment, so that the combustible garbage in the garbage can be fully utilized.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the pyrolysis apparatus is a horizontal pyrolysis furnace in this embodiment, and includes a furnace body for performing pyrolysis reactions, the furnace body having a waste input port, a slag discharge port, and an exhaust port. In addition, in order to improve the pyrolysis efficiency, a heat exchange device is arranged on the outer side surface of the furnace body, one end of the heat exchange device is connected with a pipeline for conveying high-temperature flue gas, the other end of the heat exchange device is connected with a drying device, the furnace body is heated through the heat of the high-temperature flue gas, and the pyrolysis efficiency is further improved. In one embodiment, the heat exchange device is a heating pipeline which is coated on the outer side surface of the furnace body, one end of the heating pipeline is connected with a pipeline for conveying high-temperature flue gas, and the furnace body is heated by the high-temperature flue gas, so that the pyrolysis efficiency is improved; the other end of the heating pipeline is connected with a drying device.
The garbage is pyrolyzed in a horizontal pyrolyzing furnace to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis slag. The pyrolysis slag is discharged from a slag discharge port, and the main components of the pyrolysis slag are tar and carbon black which can be used as industrial raw materials. The pyrolysis gas and the pyrolysis slag can be input into a combustion reactor together to be combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the drying device may adopt a high-temperature flue gas drying apparatus, and the high-temperature flue gas is used to dry the garbage to be treated. The rear end of the sorting device is also provided with a solid recovery fuel storage, and one end of the solid recovery fuel storage is connected with the sorting device through a conveying belt. The solid recovery fuel output by the sorting device is stored in a solid recovery fuel storage. The high-temperature flue gas after heat exchange in the drying device and the pyrolysis device finally flows into the flue gas purification device.
It should be noted that, the light garbage is partially directly made into the solid recovery fuel, and partially continues to be pyrolyzed, so in practical application, the light garbage obtained by sorting needs to be distributed, a certain weight or volume of light garbage can be preset for pyrolysis treatment, and a certain weight or volume of light garbage can be preset for making the solid recovery fuel. Because the pyrolysis treatment, the drying treatment and the preparation of the solid recovered fuel are continuous operation processes and need to be added continuously, when the light garbage is more, the pyrolysis treatment, the drying treatment and the preparation of the solid recovered fuel can be carried out synchronously, and only enough high-temperature smoke is needed to be ensured during the drying treatment. In addition, the high-temperature flue gas after heat exchange between the pyrolysis device and the drying device is purified by the flue gas purification device and then discharged.
In this embodiment, a garbage disposal method is further provided, where the above garbage disposal system is adopted, and as shown in fig. 2, the garbage disposal method includes the following steps:
and step S1, the crushing device performs primary crushing treatment on the garbage to be treated.
Take domestic waste as an example, after above-mentioned breaker carries out preliminary breakage, can divide into the rubbish that the particle diameter is less than the default size with domestic waste, be convenient for carry on subsequent other processes.
And step S2, the drying device carries out drying treatment on the crushed garbage.
And (3) inputting the crushed garbage into a drying device, and drying the garbage to be treated at high temperature. Specifically, when the garbage is dried, the high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion in step S5 may be used as a heat source.
And S3, sorting the dried garbage by a sorting device, sorting metals in the garbage, and screening combustible garbage with preset weight or volume as solid recovery fuel.
Firstly, the dried garbage is input into a magnetic separator, and a part of magnetic metals carried in the garbage, such as iron, nickel and the like, are removed.
The waste is then conveyed to a screening system that screens the waste into oversize waste having larger particles and undersize waste having smaller particles. And respectively carrying out magnetic separation treatment on the oversize garbage and the undersize garbage by using a magnetic separator for one time, and further separating out the magnetic metals in the oversize garbage and the undersize garbage.
And then, wind power separation is respectively carried out on the oversize garbage and the undersize garbage by utilizing a winnowing machine. It should be noted that the power of the winnowing machines used by the two machines is different because the particle size of the waste on the screen is larger than that of the waste under the screen. The power of the winnowing machine used for the garbage on the screen is larger than that of the winnowing machine used for the garbage under the screen. After the air separation, the garbage on the screen is divided into light garbage and heavy garbage, and the garbage under the screen is divided into light garbage and heavy garbage. The light garbage is the combustible garbage and comprises organic matters such as wood and straw and combustible inorganic matters such as plastics and rubber; the heavy garbage and the magnetic metal are the above incombustible garbage and comprise metal, stone, tile and the like.
Finally, part of the light garbage can be directly used as solid recovery fuel for recovery treatment; and the other part of light garbage and the part of heavy garbage possibly containing combustible garbage can be further crushed by the fine crusher so as to be convenient for subsequent pyrolysis treatment.
The particle size of the garbage crushed by the coarse crusher and the fine crusher can be set according to actual requirements, and is not described herein again.
And step S4, the pyrolysis device carries out pyrolysis treatment on the sorted garbage with preset weight or volume to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis slag.
The pyrolysis is mainly a process of generating pyrolysis gas by treating combustible garbage, therefore, the separated part of the combustible garbage is mainly used as a main raw material in the step, and the part of heavy garbage can be subjected to pyrolysis treatment in the same way under the condition that some heavy garbage contains the combustible garbage. Specifically, the garbage to be pyrolyzed is input into a pyrolysis device for pyrolysis treatment, and finally pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis slag are generated after the pyrolysis treatment is finished.
And step S5, burning the pyrolysis gas and/or the pyrolysis slag by the combustion reactor to generate high-temperature flue gas, and continuously drying the crushed garbage by using the high-temperature flue gas.
And (4) inputting the pyrolysis gas and/or the pyrolysis slag in the step (S4) into a combustion reactor for combustion to generate high-temperature flue gas, and then utilizing the heat of the high-temperature flue gas to carry out drying treatment on subsequent garbage to form continuous garbage treatment operation.
In addition, the generated high-temperature flue gas can be introduced into a heating pipeline of the pyrolysis device, the temperature in the pyrolysis device is increased through the heat of the high-temperature flue gas, and the pyrolysis efficiency is further improved. In the embodiment, the high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion of the pyrolysis gas is firstly input into the pyrolysis device to supply heat to the pyrolysis device, and then input into the drying device to dry the garbage, so that the heat of the high-temperature flue gas is fully utilized.
And finally, the high-temperature flue gas which flows out of the drying device and exchanges heat can be discharged only after being purified.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, a sorting device capable of screening combustible waste in the waste to be processed is provided, and the combustible waste screened by the sorting device is pyrolyzed to improve the processing efficiency. In other embodiments, a sorting device only comprising a magnetic separator can be directly selected, the sorting device only removes metal substances in the garbage, and then the remaining garbage is subjected to pyrolysis treatment to obtain pyrolysis gas.
In addition, in this embodiment, the high-temperature flue gas generated in the combustion reactor firstly enters the heating pipeline of the pyrolysis device to exchange heat, then enters the drying device to exchange heat, and finally enters the flue gas purification device to be purified. In other embodiments, the generated high-temperature flue gas can also be divided into two parts, one part enters a heating pipeline of the pyrolysis device to exchange heat and then enters the flue gas purification device, and the other part directly enters the drying device to exchange heat and then enters the flue gas purification device. The two structural forms can realize the recycling of the heat of the high-temperature flue gas.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (10)
1. A waste disposal system, comprising:
the crushing device is used for crushing the garbage to be treated;
the drying device is used for drying the crushed garbage;
the sorting device is used for sorting out metals in the garbage to be treated and screening combustible garbage in the dried garbage;
the pyrolysis device is used for receiving the sorted garbage with preset weight or volume and carrying out pyrolysis treatment to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis slag;
the combustion reactor is used for receiving the pyrolysis gas and/or the pyrolysis slag and combusting the pyrolysis gas and/or the pyrolysis slag to generate high-temperature flue gas;
the drying device also receives the high-temperature flue gas, and the heat of the high-temperature flue gas is utilized to carry out drying treatment on the crushed garbage;
and the pipeline for conveying the high-temperature flue gas is also connected with the pyrolysis device and used for providing heat for the pyrolysis device.
2. The waste disposal system of claim 1,
the high-temperature flue gas flows through the pyrolysis device and the drying device in sequence.
3. The waste disposal system of claim 1, further comprising:
and the smoke purification device is used for purifying the high-temperature smoke after heat exchange.
4. Waste disposal system according to claim 2,
and a heat exchange device is arranged on the periphery of the pyrolysis device, one end of the heat exchange device is connected with the high-temperature flue gas, and the other end of the heat exchange device is connected with the drying device.
5. The waste disposal system of claim 1, further comprising:
and the solid recovery fuel storage is connected with the sorting device through a conveying belt so as to receive and store the combustible garbage with preset weight or volume.
6. The waste disposal system of claim 1, further comprising:
and the garbage storage warehouse is used for storing the garbage to be treated.
7. A waste treatment method applied to the waste treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the crushing device is used for crushing the garbage to be treated;
the drying device dries the crushed garbage;
the sorting device sorts the dried garbage, sorts metals in the garbage, and screens combustible garbage with preset weight or volume as solid recovery fuel;
the pyrolysis device is used for carrying out pyrolysis treatment on the sorted garbage with preset weight or volume to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis slag;
and burning the pyrolysis gas and/or the pyrolysis slag by the combustion reactor to generate high-temperature flue gas, and continuously drying the crushed garbage by using the high-temperature flue gas.
8. A waste treatment process according to claim 7,
the pyrolysis device is used for carrying out pyrolysis treatment on the sorted garbage with preset weight or volume, and the adopted heat source is the high-temperature flue gas.
9. A waste treatment process according to claim 8,
and the high-temperature flue gas after heat exchange flowing out of the pyrolysis device and/or the drying device needs to be purified.
10. A waste treatment process according to any one of claims 7 to 9,
and when the metals in the garbage are sorted out and combustible garbage with preset weight or volume is screened to be used as solid recovery fuel, the non-combustible garbage is removed.
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| CN202111397118.9A CN114308978A (en) | 2021-11-23 | 2021-11-23 | Garbage treatment system and method |
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| CN115055481A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-09-16 | 中国轻工业广州工程有限公司 | Process for garbage sorting and system and application thereof |
| CN115069721A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-09-20 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | Combustible waste treatment device and method |
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