CN112961644B - 一种净味低散发单组份聚氨酯密封胶 - Google Patents
一种净味低散发单组份聚氨酯密封胶 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种净味低散发单组份聚氨酯密封胶。按重量份计算，由聚丁二烯型聚氨酯预聚物25～60重量份、无机填料30～55重量份、XW‑17多孔吸附剂1～4重量份、紫外线吸收剂0.1～0.4重量份、AO330抗氧剂0.1～0.4重量份、光Eversorb 61稳定剂0.1～0.4重量份混合而成。采用高气体阻隔端羟基聚丁二烯软段，有效阻隔水蒸气和氧气参与高温、暴晒刺激下的水解、氧化过程产生的挥发性有机物，多孔吸附剂复配大量填充超细天然大理石或花岗岩粉末大幅提升吸附量。出厂产品、紫外老化、热氧老化后产品均具有低气味和低TVOC。该密封胶能完全满足家装和汽车行业对材料散发性的规定。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种净味低散发单组份聚氨酯密封胶，属于密封胶技术领域。
背景技术
国家标准GB 18583-2008《室内装饰装修材料胶粘剂中有害物质限量》限定聚氨酯类胶粘剂的总挥发性有机物(TVOC)不得超过100g/L。在汽车领域，驾驶室空间相对狭小，对挥发性有害有机物的限定更为严格。国家标准GB/T27630-2011《乘用车内空气质量评价指南》规定了八项有害物质的限值，但未明确指出TVOC限值。该标准自2019年1月1日起强制执行，因此开发满足室内和汽车空气标准的聚氨酯密封胶具有重要意义。
考虑到家装和汽车行业中的门窗密封胶在施胶固化后，将长期受到紫外线、高温、高湿等复杂环境的影响，要评价密封胶的散发性，应当考虑其经受上述外界条件对散发性的长期影响。因此，开发净味和低散发的聚氨酯密封胶才能长期营造健康的空气环境，真正为消费者的身体健康负责。
发明内容
本为解决上述问题，本发明提供一种净味低散发单组份聚氨酯密封胶。
本发明涉及的净味低散发单组份聚氨酯密封胶包含以下重量份的成分：聚丁二烯型聚氨酯预聚物25～60份；
无机填料30～55份；
多孔吸附剂1～4份；
紫外线吸收剂0.1～0.4份；
抗氧剂AO330 0.1～0.4份；
光稳定剂Eversorb 61 0.1～0.4份。
优选地，所述聚丁二烯型聚氨酯预聚物由端羟基聚丁二烯与脂环族二异氰酸酯单体合成，NCO质量分数3.0-12.0％，所述端羟基聚丁二烯平均分子量1500-5000g/mol，羟基官能度2.0-2.5，所述脂环族二异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯IPDI)或DDI中的一种。
优选地，所述无机填料为200-1000目天然大理石、200-1000目花岗岩粉末、纳米碳酸钙中的两种或两种以上混合物。
优选地，所述多孔吸附剂为硅铝酸盐XW-17，在10％RH下的水蒸气吸附量≥30mg/g，在40％RH下的水蒸气吸附量≥300mg/g，测试标准参照GB/T6287-1986。
优选地，所述紫外线吸收剂为BETTERSOL 1800、BETTERSOL 1830中的一种或两种混合物。
优选地，所述净味低散发单组份聚氨酯密封胶的制备方法如下：
步骤(1)：按照设定配方往反应器中投入端羟基聚丁二烯，升温至120℃，控制真空度不大于-0.095MPa，在该条件下除水1～2小时；降温至75～85℃，投入定量脂环族二异氰酸酯，氮气保护下反应0.5～1小时，加入催化剂继续反应1～2小时，得到聚丁二烯型聚氨酯预聚物。
步骤(2)：降温至25～30℃，投入设定配方的无机填料、多孔吸附剂、紫外线吸收剂、抗氧剂和光稳定剂，控制真空度不大于-0.095MPa，搅拌混合0.5～1小时，计量出料，密封包装得产品。
本发明的净味低散发单组份聚氨酯密封胶采用多种策略降低挥发性有机。(1)减少来源：采用气体阻隔优异的端羟基聚丁二烯作为软段，可有效阻隔水蒸气、氧气渗入胶条内部，减缓高温、暴晒刺激下的水解、氧化过程产生的挥发性有机物；复配高效紫外线吸收剂、抗氧剂和光稳定剂，抑制老化过程；采用化学稳定性优异的脂环族二异氰酸酯构建硬段相。(2)吸附作用：采用吸附能力优异的多孔硅铝酸盐矿物，长效吸附挥发性有机物；采用天然大理石和花岗岩粉末，既充当补强填料，又能吸附挥发性有机物，高填充量使得吸附量大大提升。(3)阻止释放：聚丁二烯软段使得密封胶气体阻隔性优异，挥发性有机物向表面迁移速率大幅降低，可有效协同提升吸附效果。
本发明的净味低散发单组份聚氨酯密封胶的有益效果：紫外老化、热氧老化前后均能满足GB/T 27630-2011《乘用车内空气质量评价指南》和GB 18583-2008《室内装饰装修材料胶粘剂中有害物质限量》的规定，总有机挥发物(TVOC)含量小于100g/L，八项有机物检测值均低于限值，根据大众PV 3900测试方法，气味等级均小于3.5级。
具体实施实例
为更好的说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点，下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
本发明实施例及对比例中实验所用的原料如下，但是不限于以下原料，本发明只是以下原料为具体例子来进一步具体说明本申请中所述净味低散发单组份聚氨酯密封胶的效果：
端羟基聚丁二烯：日本曹达GI-3000，分子量3000g/mol，官能度2.0。
脂环族二异氰酸酯：DDI，黎明化工研究设计院。
无机填料：500目花岗岩粉末，自制；NAK-2108纳米碳酸钙，购于旭丰粉体。
多孔吸附剂：XW-17，青岛卓新。
紫外线吸收剂：BETTERSOL 1800，上海苍洪。
光稳定剂：Eversorb 61，Everlight Chemical。
样品制备：手动打胶机挤出样条，在25℃、50±10RH％条件下固化24小时，待测样品进行三种处理方式：(1)不做任何处理，即固化后24小时后进行测试；(2)参考JC/T-485-2007中5.12规定的方法进行水-紫外线处理，连续试验(2000±2)小时后进行测试；(3)热空气老化条件(60±2)℃烘箱中处理(800±2)小时后进行测试。
气味测试：参考大众PV 3900，取20克样品置于1L玻璃瓶，80℃下处理2小时，冷却至65℃，由3～5人评价气味，按照规定方法计算气味等级。
挥发性有机物：参考HJ/T 400-2007车内挥发性有机物和醛酮类物质采样测定方法，八项挥发性有机物限值参考GB/T 27630-2011《乘用车内空气质量评价指南》；TVOC参考GB 18583-2008《室内装饰装修材料胶粘剂中有害物质限量》测定。
实施例和对比例制备方法如下：
本发明设置实施例1～6及对比例1～2，实验步骤和方法相同，获得一系列净味低散发单组份聚氨酯密封胶，其制备方法如下：
步骤(1)：按NCO含量设定预聚体配方，往反应器中投入端羟基聚丁二烯GI-3000，升温至120℃，控制真空度不大于-0.095MPa，在该条件下除水1～2小时；降温至75～85℃，投入定量DDI，氮气保护下反应0.5～1小时，加入催化剂继续反应1～2小时，得到聚氨酯预聚物。
步骤(2)：降温至25～30℃，投入设定配方的无机填料、多孔吸附剂、紫外线吸收剂、AO330和光稳定剂Eversorb 61，控制真空度不大于-0.095MPa，搅拌混合0.5～1小时，计量出料，密封包装得产品。
实施例1～6及对比例1～2的单组份聚氨酯密封胶配比如表1所示
实施例1～6及对比例1～2的单组份聚氨酯密封胶各项性能如表2所示
表2中八项挥发性有机物限值单位mg/m3，TVOC单位为g/L。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明。本发明可以有各种合适的更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种净味低散发单组份聚氨酯密封胶，其特征在于，包含以下重量份的成分：聚丁二烯型聚氨酯预聚物25～60重量份、无机填料30～55重量份、XW-17多孔吸附剂1～4重量份、紫外线吸收剂0.1～0.4重量份、AO330抗氧剂0.1～0.4重量份、光稳定剂Eversorb 61 0.1～0.4重量份；
所述聚丁二烯型聚氨酯预聚物由端羟基聚丁二烯与脂环族二异氰酸酯单体合成，NCO质量分数3.0-12.0％，所述端羟基聚丁二烯平均分子量1500-5000g/mol，羟基官能度2.0-2.5，所述脂环族二异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯IPDI或DDI中的一种；
所述无机填料为200-1000目花岗岩粉末、纳米碳酸钙中的两种或两种以上混合物；
所述净味低散发单组份聚氨酯密封胶，紫外老化、热氧老化前后均能满足GB/T 27630-2011《乘用车内空气质量评价指南》和GB 18583-2008《室内装饰装修材料胶粘剂中有害物质限量》的规定，总有机挥发物(TVOC)含量小于100g/L，八项有机物检测值均低于限值，根据大众PV 3900测试方法，气味等级均小于3.5级。
2.根据权利要求1所述的净味低散发单组份聚氨酯密封胶，其特征在于，所述XW-17多孔吸附剂为硅铝酸盐，在10％RH下的水蒸气吸附量≥30mg/g，在40％RH下的水蒸气吸附量≥300mg/g，测试标准参照GB/T 6287-1986。
3.根据权利要求1所述的净味低散发单组份聚氨酯密封胶，其特征在于，所述紫外线吸收剂为BETTERSOL 1800、BETTERSOL 1830中的一种或两种混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的净味低散发单组份聚氨酯密封胶，其特征在于，聚氨酯预聚物的合成中，催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡DBTDL、辛酸亚锡中的一种。
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