CN112961185B - 一种含氟香豆素磷酸酯类衍生物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种含氟香豆素磷酸酯类衍生物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112961185B CN112961185B CN202110202484.8A CN202110202484A CN112961185B CN 112961185 B CN112961185 B CN 112961185B CN 202110202484 A CN202110202484 A CN 202110202484A CN 112961185 B CN112961185 B CN 112961185B
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- Prior art keywords
- coumarin
- fluorine
- compound
- trifluoroacetyl
- phosphate
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- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- LLZYYMYZLFSRSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromen-2-one;phosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(O)=O.C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 LLZYYMYZLFSRSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- -1 trifluoroacetyl coumarin compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/655—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6552—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms the oxygen atom being part of a six-membered ring
- C07F9/65522—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms the oxygen atom being part of a six-membered ring condensed with carbocyclic rings or carbocyclic ring systems
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Abstract
本发明属于化学合成技术领域,具体涉及一种含氟香豆素磷酸酯类衍生物及其制备方法和应用。本发明以氟化钾和氧化铝为固体催化剂,在无溶剂条件下通过三氟乙酰基香豆素类化合物与亚磷酸酯的Phospha‑Brook重排反应,得到一系列三氟甲基膦酸酯。本发明的合成方法具有催化剂可重复使用、纯化产物易于分离、合成效率高的优势;所得含氟香豆素磷酸酯类衍生物(包括化合物4a~4o)对辣椒疫霉、尖孢镰刀菌、玉米真菌和番茄交链孢菌等农业生产常见的病原菌具有良好的抑菌效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学合成技术领域,具体涉及一种含氟香豆素磷酸酯类衍生物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
香豆素类化合物具有广泛的生物活性,是许多药用植物和中草药的有效成分,常作为开发新型医药和农药的先导化合物。在医学方面,以香豆素为先导化合物,经过结构修饰的香豆素衍生物具有抗凝血、抗癌等功效。典型的天然香豆素类如东莨菪素、蛇床子素、秦皮乙素、欧前胡素等在药物领域上的应用机理被大量研究。在生物学方面具有良好的抗氧化、抗病毒、抗菌等活性。在农业方面,香豆素衍生物也有很大的应用潜力。该类物质都是植物的次生代谢产物,具有防御病害和植食型动物入侵的作用,如对植物病原物具有良好的抑制作用,可作为调节昆虫、病原菌、共生菌与植物互作反应的信号分子。以蛇床子素为例,其具有良好的杀虫作用、抑真菌作用,对禾谷镰刀菌、苹果叶枯病菌、交链孢菌、辣椒役霉病菌、番茄灰霉病菌等具有广谱的抑制活性,对黄瓜白粉病也有良好的防效。蛇床子素已被我国开发成高、低毒、低残留的生物农药。
另一方面,氟原子具有特殊的化学与生物学特性,氟原子或含氟基团的引入对化合物的理化性质、生物活性等会产生显著影响,使含氟化合物具有较高的脂溶性和疏水性,可以加快生物体内的吸收与传递速度,导致含氟农药具有用量少、毒性低、药效高的特点,成为当今新农药的创制主体,21世纪开发的农药中含氟类占48%。如艾格福公司开发的优秀杀菌剂氟喹唑(Fluquinconazole)、贵州大学宋宝安课题组开发的抗病毒剂毒氟磷、华东理工大学钱旭红课题组开发的植物抗病激活剂苯并-1,2,3-噻二唑-7-羧酸三氟乙酯等。目前我国农药行业含氟农药品种少、产量低,与发达国家相比差距甚远。尽管香豆素和含氟化合物都具有很好的生物活性,然而氟代香豆素类农药品种匮乏。研究开发综合性能优异的含氟香豆素类农药目标物意义重大。
发明内容
针对目前含氟农药品种少、杀菌效率低的问题,本发明提出一种含氟香豆素磷酸酯类衍生物,得到的衍生物对农业领域的多数致病菌具有高杀菌活性、抵抗性风险,基于一个总的发明构思,本发明还提出了上述衍生物的合成方法和应用。
为了实现上述技术目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种含氟香豆素磷酸酯类衍生物,其化学结构式如下所示:
其中,R1、R2、R3为C1-C6烷基、C1-C3烷氧基、卤素或芳基,R4为C1-C6烷基。
优选的,所述卤素是氟、氯、溴或碘;所述烷基、烷氧基为直链或支链烷基;烷基为甲基,乙基,丙基,丁基,戊基,己基、异丙基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、异戊基或叔戊基。
基于一个总的发明构思,本发明还包括上述含氟香豆素磷酸酯类衍生物的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
将三氟乙酰基香豆素类化合物与氟化钾、氧化铝和亚磷酸酯混合,微波反应5~15min;所得化合物经提取、抽滤、纯化,即得含氟香豆素磷酸酯类衍生物;
所述三氟乙酰基香豆素类化合物、氟化钾与亚磷酸酯的摩尔比为1.0:(0.1~0.2):(1.0~2.0)。
优选的,所得化合物经乙酸乙酯浸泡提取0.5~2h,抽滤;抽滤后经100~200目硅胶柱层析纯化即得;所述纯化过程的洗脱剂为石油醚和乙酸乙酯按照体积比1~2:1制成的混合溶剂。
优选的,上述三氟乙酰基香豆素类化合物由以下步骤制得:
1)取水杨醛、三氟乙酰乙酸乙酯与乙醇混合,再加入哌啶,于-10℃~10℃反应10~30h;反应终止后经过滤、提纯,得到化合物II;具体结构式见式II;
所述水杨醛、三氟乙酰乙酸乙酯与哌啶的摩尔比为1.0:(1.0~1.5):(0.1~0.2);
2)将化合物II与二氧化硅置于研钵中,充分研磨后微波反应10~30min;反应终止后经提取、过滤、纯化得到三氟乙酰基香豆素类化合物;具体结构式见式III;
所述含氟香豆素磷酸酯类衍生物在制备杀菌剂或抑菌剂中的应用。
优选的,杀菌剂或抑菌剂用于杀灭或抑制番茄早疫病菌、辣椒疫霉菌、棉花枯萎病菌、玉米小斑病菌。
本发明的具体合成路线如下所示:
本发明提供了一种利用微波方式合成含氟香豆素磷酸酯类衍生物的方法,以氟化钾和氧化铝为高效固体催化剂,在无溶剂条件下通过三氟乙酰基香豆素类化合物与亚磷酸酯的Phospha-Brook重排反应,得到一系列三氟甲基膦酸酯。本发明的合成过程具有催化剂可重复使用、纯化产物易于分离、合成效率高的优势。
所得含氟香豆素磷酸酯类衍生物(包括化合物4a~4o),利用菌丝生长速率法检测其对农业病原菌的抑制效果。结果表明,所得化合物对辣椒疫霉、尖孢镰刀菌、玉米真菌和番茄交链孢菌等四种农业生产常见的病原菌种属中的一种或几种具有较好的抑菌效果;其中化合物4n对辣椒疫霉菌和番茄早疫病菌表现出最佳的抑菌性能,抑菌率达到86%和79%;化合物4f对棉花枯萎病菌的抑菌效果最好,抑菌率为74%;而化合物4b对玉米小斑病菌和番茄早疫病菌的抑菌效果最显著,分别达到68%和79%。上述结果表明本发明提供的含氟香豆素磷酸酯类衍生物是一种高活性、抵抗性风险且环境相容性高的绿色抑菌剂,为含氟香豆素类农药的开发提供了新品种。
附图说明
图1~图15化合物4a~4o的核磁图谱;其中,A为H谱图,B为C谱图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细描述;
本发明所用供试菌种包括我国农业生产中实际发生的大部分典型植物病原菌种属,具体为番茄早疫病菌(Alternaria solani)、辣椒疫霉菌(P.capsici)、棉花枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum)和玉米小斑病菌(Bipolaris maydis);上述菌株均分离自郑州周边大田,收集方法采用常规菌种分离、鉴定方法;
其他所用试剂为普通市售,或本领域技术人员通过公开途径可以获得的。
1、化合物II的制备
在250毫升单口烧瓶中分别加入100毫摩尔水杨醛、100毫摩尔三氟乙酰乙酸乙酯和100毫升溶剂无水乙醇;冰浴条件下加入10毫摩尔哌啶,继续搅拌反应24小时;待反应完全后,减压除去无水乙醇溶剂(约80毫升);将残余物放入冰箱冷藏4小时后,抽滤;用石油醚洗涤,得到白色固体,即为化合物II;
其中,R1为氢、R2为氢、R3为氢;所得化合物II的收率70-95%。
2、化合物III的制备
于研钵中加入10毫摩尔化合物II和2克100~200目柱层析硅胶,充分研磨至混合均匀;将研钵置于微波炉(250W)中,每隔2分钟取出震荡均匀;
待反应完全后将反应混合物倒入50毫升烧杯中,加入30毫升乙酸乙酯浸泡1小时,抽滤,减压旋除溶剂,得到化合物III的粗产品。用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=6:1对粗产品进行重结晶,得到白色固体,即为化合物III;
所得化合物III的收率90-98%。
实施例1
以上述方法获得的化合物III为底物制备含氟香豆素磷酸酯类衍生物。理论上,羰基化合物与亚磷酸二乙酯反应可以得到α-羟基膦酸酯,而α-碳原子上带有CF3的α-羟基膦酸盐可以重排得到磷酸盐。但是合成反应的条件会影响磷酸盐的得率,为了探索微波辅助无溶剂法的可能性,发明人首先针对反应条件进行设计和考量。
以R1为氢、R2为氢、R3为氢的化合物III,即3-三氟乙酰基香豆素(1a),作为筛选实验的模型底物与亚磷酸二乙酯(2a)进行反应。所述3-三氟乙酰基香豆素的核磁数据为:1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ:7.41~7.45(m,2H,Ar-H),7.71~7.80(m,2H,Ar-H),8.54(s,1H,C=CH)。
取1毫摩尔3-三氟乙酰基香豆素置于研钵中,加入0.1毫摩尔催化剂,充分研磨;加入1毫摩尔亚磷酸二乙酯,继续研磨至混合均匀;将研钵置于微波炉中反应5分钟;具体反应过程如下:
选用的催化剂为KF、CH3COOK、ClCH2COONa、Na2CO3、Et3N、吡啶(Pyridine)或DMAP中任一种与Al2O3组成的混合物;Al2O3的添加量为2.0g。不同催化剂组合催化得到的产物得率见表1组别1~7;所述反应以相同微波条件、不添加催化剂的反应为空白组(组别8)。
表1不同反应条件a的产物得率对比
a反应条件:1a(1mmol),2a(1mmol),催化剂(10mol%),Al2O3(2.0g),MW(W);b所述得率由HPLC分析测定;c分离后得率;d无溶剂条件电炉加热80℃;e催化剂第二次重复使用;f催化剂第三次重复使用。
可以看出,不添加催化剂的空白组没有产物生成。对比不同催化剂组合,所得磷酸盐产物(4a)的得率显著不同:以KF/Al2O3为催化剂时磷酸盐(4a)得率最高,达到80%。
以KF/Al2O3为催化剂,接着探索不同处理条件对反应产率的影响,具体反应条件和产物得率见表1组别9~19。
首先,延长微波时间可以提高磷酸盐产物(4a)的得率。从表1组别9数据可以看出,相对于微波5分钟80%的得率,微波时间10分钟,磷酸盐产物(4a)的得率达到了93%。
接着,为了进一步提高总收率,发明人对催化剂的负载量进行了考察。分别调整催化剂添加量为3-三氟乙酰基香豆素摩尔量的5%或15%。结果显示,无论是减少还是增加催化剂的负载量都会降低的磷酸盐产物(4a)得率(组别10和组别11)。
另外,相对于微波处理,采用传统烘箱或电炉加热的方式,在不添加溶剂的条件下,3-三氟乙酰基香豆素和亚磷酸二乙酯不反应(组别12)。
最后,发明人还考察了催化剂组合在制备磷酸盐产物(4a)过程中的可重复使用性。在反应混合物中加入适量乙醇,由于KF和Al2O3均不溶于乙醇,可通过简单过滤分离将用KF和Al2O3回收,用乙醇洗涤两次,真空干燥备用。组别13和组别14中催化剂重复使用次数分别为2次和3次,结果显示催化剂在循环使用3次后显示出良好的可重用性。
实施例2
以不同R基团的化合物III为底物,与亚磷酸酯反应合成含氟香豆素磷酸酯类衍生物;所用催化剂和催化反应条件参照实施例1,具体反应过程如下:
携带不同R1基团的化合物III(3-三氟乙酰基香豆素),与携带不同R2基团的亚磷酸酯反应合成化合物IV(磷酸盐产物)的得率见表2。
表2不同底物合成的化合物IV的产物得率对比
从上表可以看出,带有中性电子、供电子基团和吸电子基团的3-三氟乙酰基香豆素与亚磷酸二乙酯(2a)反应均可以在10min内顺利进行,得到不同的磷酸盐产物(表2组别1~5)。利用同样基团的3-三氟乙酰基香豆素与亚磷酸二甲酯(2b)反应,与亚磷酸二乙酯(2a)相比,产物产率有所降低(组别6-9与组别1-5)。而将同样基团的3-三氟乙酰基香豆素与亚磷酸二异丙酯(2c)反应时,所述反应在6~12min内可以有效进行,且相对于亚磷酸二甲酯(2b),产物得率有所升高(组别10~15)。
实施例3
在实施例1~2的研究基础上合成化合物IV,并针对所得化合物IV进行杀菌性能考察:
于研钵中加入5毫摩尔化合物III(同实施例2),0.5毫摩尔氟化钾,2克中性氧化铝,充分研磨均匀;滴加5毫摩尔亚磷酸酯(同实施例2),继续研磨至混合均匀后,将其置于微波炉(250W)中,每隔2分钟取出震荡均匀。待反应完全后将反应混合物倒入50毫升烧杯中,加入15毫升乙酸乙酯浸泡1小时,抽滤,减压蒸馏旋除溶剂,残余物经100~200目硅胶柱层析纯化得到化合物IV;柱层析所用洗脱剂为石油醚:乙酸乙酯=1~2:1;化合物IV与洗脱剂的体积比约为1:15。所得不同化合物IV的化学结构和理化参数见表3,核磁谱图见图1~图15。
表3化合物IV的理化参数和结构参数
根据中华人民共和国农业行业标准(NY/T1156.2-2006)对化合物IV采用菌丝生长率法进行杀菌或抑菌活性测定,具体过程如下:
在实验前几天对所得病原菌进行活化培养。供试菌种的代号和名称为:AS,番茄早疫病菌(Alternaria solani);PC,辣椒疫霉菌(P.capsici);FO,棉花枯萎病菌(Fusariumoxysporum);BM,玉米小斑病菌(Bipolaris maydis)。
取50毫克测试样品溶解在2mL DMF中,然后加入含有0.1%吐温80的水溶液配成5mg/mL的原药。将供试药剂在无菌条件下各吸取适量于锥形瓶内,充分摇匀,然后等量倒入三个直径为9cm的培养皿中,制成500ug/mL含药平板。上述实验设不含药剂的处理做空白对照,每个处理重复三次。
将培养好的病原菌,在无菌条件下用直径5毫米的打孔器沿菌落边缘切取菌饼,用接种器将菌饼接种于含药平板中央,菌丝面朝上,盖上皿盖,将培养皿放在25摄氏度恒温培养箱内培养,待对照菌落直径扩展到超过6cm时,用十字交叉法测量菌落直径,取其平均值;培养结束计算抑菌率,计算公式为:
抑菌率I=(D0-Dt)/D0*100%;
其中,D0为对照盘菌丝平均直径,Dt为样品盘菌丝平均直径;不同化合物IV对四种病原菌的抑菌效果对比见表4。
表4化合物IV对四种病原菌的抑菌率
抑菌活性测定以常用农药三唑酮为对照组,三唑酮使用量100ppm。从表4可以看出,携带不同基团的化合物IV对四种农业生产常见病原菌的一种或几种表现出良好的抑菌效果。其中,化合物4n对辣椒疫霉菌和番茄早疫病菌表现出最佳的抑菌性能,抑菌率达到86%和79%;化合物4f对棉花枯萎病菌的抑菌效果最好,抑菌率为74%;而化合物4b对玉米小斑病菌和番茄早疫病菌的抑菌效果最显著,分别达到68%和79%。
上述结果表明,本发明提供的含氟香豆素磷酸酯类衍生物是一种高活性、抵抗性风险且环境相容性高的绿色抑菌剂,为含氟香豆素类农药的开发提供了新品种。
Claims (8)
2.如权利要求1所述的含氟香豆素磷酸酯类衍生物,其特征在于:所述卤素是氟、氯、溴或碘;所述烷基、烷氧基为直链或支链烷基;烷基为甲基,乙基,丙基,丁基,戊基,己基、异丙基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、异戊基或叔戊基。
5.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所得化合物经乙酸乙酯浸泡提取0.5~2h,抽滤;抽滤后经100~200目硅胶柱层析纯化即得;
所述纯化过程的洗脱剂为石油醚和乙酸乙酯按照体积比1~2:1制成的混合溶剂。
7.权利要求1至3任一所述含氟香豆素磷酸酯类衍生物在制备杀菌剂或抑菌剂中的应用。
8.如权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于:所述杀菌剂或抑菌剂用于杀灭或抑制番茄早疫病菌、辣椒疫霉菌、棉花枯萎病菌、玉米小斑病菌。
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