CN112958151B - 用于催化合成螺吲哚酮类化合物的介孔聚l-脯氨酸催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
用于催化合成螺吲哚酮类化合物的介孔聚l-脯氨酸催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于催化合成螺吲哚酮类化合物的介孔聚L‑脯氨酸及其制备方法和应用。本发明提供的用于催化合成螺吲哚酮类化合物的介孔聚L‑脯氨酸的制备方法,所述介孔聚L‑脯氨酸由L‑脯氨酸功能化单体、具有2、4、6或8个碳原子的烷基桥键交联剂以及以烯烃修饰的Fe3O4纳米粒子进行聚合反应制得。本发明还提供了以上述介孔聚L‑脯氨酸为催化剂的螺吲哚酮类化合物的合成方法。在该介孔聚L‑脯氨酸中端烯修饰的Fe3O4纳米颗粒起到骨架强化剂的作用。其中的疏水烷基桥链所形成的疏水微环境提高了在介孔孔道中原料的催化效率。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及新材料合成技术领域,具体涉及合成螺吲哚类化合物的技术领域,尤其涉及一种用于催化合成螺吲哚酮类化合物的介孔聚L-脯氨酸催化剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术:
介孔材料具有优异的性质,包括周期性排列的中孔、均匀的纳米尺度框架、可调的孔形状和尺寸、较高的比表面积、大孔体积和可调的组成,在催化领域显示出巨大的潜力。材料中的中孔可以提供独特的纳米尺寸限制效应,并显著改变各种负载分子的微环境,以调节其迁移或特性,这使得实现许多在本体相中无法实现的反应成为可能。除了限制效应,介孔材料通过创造有利的微环境,如活性中心周围的疏水介孔,表现出高催化活性和选择性。受此启发,微环境方面,如疏水介孔和远端氢键供体,在小分子活化、烃裂解、不对称合成等方面得到了广泛的研究。特别是在水不溶性基质中,疏水性微环境加速了水中的质子转移速率。利用这一特殊特性,通过精确控制疏水嵌段,设计和制备疏水介孔材料将成为可能。
磁性纳米粒子,尤其是Fe3O4纳米粒子的应用也在该领域引起了越来越广泛的关注。其中,磁性回收Fe3O4纳米粒子是化学工程和化学领域最常用的方法。起初,Fe3O4纳米粒子的表面被各种功能材料覆盖,以增强其功能。随后,活性成分可以有效地接枝到功能性Fe3O4纳米粒子上,目的是制备具有丰富活性位点和显著磁回收率的高性能催化剂。迄今为止,Fe3O4纳米粒子大多数仅被用于制备磁性可回收催化剂的磁性部分。然而,可查文献关于Fe3O4纳米粒子在介孔骨架制备中作为结构增强剂的报道很少。因此,寻找Fe3O4纳米粒子合成介孔材料的有效方法已成为新型介孔材料的迫切需求。
多组分反应为以原子经济的方式构建有价值的复杂有机化合物提供了强有力的工具。但是,包含明确的中孔和独特疏水性的多孔材料将难以通过常规方法制备。
发明内容:
针对上述现有技术中的技术问题和需求,本发明的目的在于提供一种用于催化合成螺吲哚酮类化合物的催化剂及其制备方法,同时还提供了基于该催化剂合成螺吲哚酮类化合物的方法,本发明提供的催化剂是一种高效、环境友好的、具有明确介孔结构和独特疏水性的新型介孔聚L-脯氨酸(MPLPs)。基于该催化剂的催化反应是以水做溶剂,在温和反应条件即可实现螺吲哚类化合物的合成。
本发明的一方面提供了一种用于催化合成螺吲哚酮类化合物的介孔聚L-脯氨酸的制备方法,所述介孔聚L-脯氨酸由L-脯氨酸功能化单体、具有2、4、6或8个碳原子的烷基桥键交联剂以及以烯烃修饰的Fe3O4纳米粒子进行聚合反应制得。在该介孔聚L-脯氨酸中端烯修饰的Fe3O4纳米颗粒在介孔聚合物的制备过程中起到骨架强化剂的作用,其中的疏水烷基桥链所形成的疏水微环境提高了在介孔孔道中原料的催化效率。而介孔L-脯氨酸的由于其介孔孔道的限制效应和独特的疏水微环境的协同作用使其在水中的催化反应中具有高活性。
在根据本发明的一个实施方案中,所述制备方法包括:向圆底烧瓶中加入烯烃改性的Fe3O4纳米粒子和甲醇,室温超声1.5h。随后,依次加入L-脯氨酸官能化单体、交联剂和偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN),保持搅拌1.5h,加热回流24h。反应后,在强磁下,用甲醇洗涤混合物三次。70℃真空干燥24h,得到了MPLPs催化剂。
在根据本发明的一个实施方案中,所述L-脯氨酸官能化单体是通过包括以下步骤的方法制备得到的:
先用2,2,2-三氟乙酸将左旋羟脯氨酸活化,再加入丙烯酰氯,产物用乙醚洗涤,得到L-脯氨酸官能化单体。
在根据本发明的一个实施方案中,所述交联剂是通过包括以下步骤的方法制备得到的:
将摩尔比为1:2的1,2-二溴乙烷和1-乙烯基咪唑溶于甲醇中,加热回流,而后经减压蒸馏得到;其中,n=1、2、3或4。
在根据本发明的一个实施方案中,所述以烯烃修饰的Fe3O4纳米粒子是通过包括以下步骤的方法制备得到的:
Fe3O4纳米粒子以三乙氧基乙烯基硅烷功能化,然后使用外部磁场收集所得固体,并用乙醇洗涤3次,得到端烯修饰的Fe3O4纳米颗粒。
在根据本发明的一个实施方案中,所述L-脯氨酸官能化单体和交联剂摩尔比为1:0.5-6。
在根据本发明的一个实施方案中,所述交联剂选自ADBVIB-C2、ADBVIB-C4、ADBVIB-C6或ADBVIB-C8中的任一种。
本发明还提供了根据上述的制备方法制备得到的介孔聚L-脯氨酸。
本发明进一步提供了一种螺吲哚酮类化合物的合成方法,所述合成方法以上述的介孔聚L-脯氨酸为催化剂,将吲哚啉-2,3-二酮、中间体与1,3-二羰基化合物于水中混匀,于常压下、20℃-60℃,反应时间30min,制备得到螺吲哚酮化合物;所述中间体为丙二腈或氰乙酸乙酯;所述吲哚啉-2,3-二酮、中间体与1,3-二羰基化合物的摩尔比为1:1-2:0-1;以g:mol计,所述催化剂用量为30:1。
在根据本发明的一个实施方案中,所述1,3-二羰基化合物为5,5-二甲基环己烷-1,3-二酮或1,3-环己烷二酮。
在根据本发明的一个实施方案中,所述合成方法还包括:在催化反应结束后通过外部磁场将催化剂从反应混合物中分离出来。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明设计并制备了具有有机活性部分和疏水性的介孔聚合物,并随后在水中将其用作介孔催化剂,并且以聚合L-脯氨酸功能化单体和具有疏水嵌段的交联剂,制备得到了新的疏水性介孔聚L-脯氨酸为催化位点。L-脯氨酸官能化单体和交联剂的聚合反应无法获得具有中孔分布的所需材料。当烯烃改性的Fe3O4纳米粒子被引入到L-脯氨酸官能化单体和交联剂的聚合反应混合物中时,获得了具有中孔分布的所需材料。特别是当使用烷基桥联长度为6个碳原子的交联剂时,成功地制备了高度有序的介孔催化剂。交联剂中的疏水烷基桥链为水相有机反应创造了良好的疏水微环境。值得注意的是,上述协同调控方法不仅可以制备具有独特疏水性的有序多孔聚合物,而且消除了均相催化法不可避免的缺点,例如热稳定性低,产物分离和回收困难等缺点。也消除了以往硬模板法的缺点,例如一旦通过选择性蚀刻除去模板,所获得的孔材料就不能保持其介孔结构等问题;以及消除了软模板法的缺点,例如模板结构的稳定性相对较差,导致模板效率较低。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明实施例1的介孔L-脯氨酸催化剂在离子液体重复使用10次的NMR数据图谱;
图2是根据本发明的MPLPs催化剂结构式。
具体实施方式:
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图和实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供了硫掺杂的硒化铁纳米材料制备方法及应用,下面结合附图对本发明作详细的描述。
本发明所使用新型介孔聚L-脯氨酸(MPLPs)催化剂制备过程:
1、首先合成L-脯氨酸官能化单体:0℃,在氮气气氛中,剧烈搅拌下,使用2,2,2-三氟乙酸将L-羟脯氨酸活化,加热至室温后,加入等摩尔量的丙烯酰氯反应2h,所得产物用乙醚洗涤,40℃真空干燥6h。所述L-脯氨酸官能化单体为:
2、交联剂的制备:
将1,2-二溴乙烷(n=1)、1,2-二溴丁烷(n=2)、1,2-二溴己烷(n=3)、1,2-二溴辛烷(n=4)分别与1-乙烯基咪唑以摩尔比1:2共溶于甲醇,加热回流24h,通过减压蒸馏获得淡黄色固体,80℃真空干燥6h,分别得到具有2、4、6、8个碳原子的烷基桥长度的交联剂。所述交联剂(n=1、2、3和4)为:
3、新型介孔聚L-脯氨酸(MPLPs)催化剂的制备:
向圆底烧瓶中加入烯烃改性的Fe3O4纳米粒子(200mg)和甲醇(50ml),室温超声1.5h。随后,依次加入L-脯氨酸官能化单体(1mmol)、n=6的交联剂(0.5-6mmol)和30mg偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN),保持搅拌1.5h,加热回流24h。反应后,在强磁下,用甲醇洗涤混合物三次。70℃真空干燥24h,得到了MPLPs催化剂。通过调节L-脯氨酸官能化单体和n=6的交联剂的摩尔比(1:0.5-6)来制备不同摩尔比催化剂。所述MPLPs催化剂结构式如图2所示。
MPLPs催化剂螺吲哚酮的过程是:
以水作溶剂,在单口烧瓶中加入同摩尔比的吲哚啉-2,3-二酮、1,3-二羰基化合物、丙二腈/氰乙酸乙酯和MPLPs催化剂;在另一单口烧瓶中加入摩尔比为1:2的吲哚啉-2,3-二酮、1,3-二羰基化合物和MPLPs催化剂,随后在50℃下反应,通过柱层析分离获得纯产物,所得产物均经核磁共振分析表征。反应完成后使用外部磁场将催化剂从反应溶液中分离出来。回收的催化剂用乙醇洗涤三次,50℃真空干燥5h,并用于下一个循环。催化剂重复使用10次,未发现反应收率明显下降。
实施例1
将吲哚啉-2,3-二酮(1.0mmol)、1,3-环己二酮(1.0mmol)、丙二腈(1.0mmol)、H2O(10mL)、催化剂(30mg)依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,50℃下反应30min。然后在减压下除去水溶液,合并有机相,通过柱层析分离得到产品。收率98%。
2-amino-2',5-dioxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrospiro[chromene-4,3'-indoline]-3-carbonitrile:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):10.38(s,1H),7.20(s,2H),7.12-7.15(t,1H),6.99-7.00(d,1H),6.87-6.90(t,1H),6.77-6.78(d,1H),2.64-2.66(t,2H),2.18-2.27(m,2H),1.89-1.94(m,2H);13C NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):195.45,178.57,166.48,159.08,142.45,135.00,128.58,123.65,122.07,117.82,112.34,109.59,57.99,47.34,39.97,27.20,20.25.
实施例2
将吲哚啉-2,3-二酮(1.0mmol)、1,3-环己二酮(1.0mmol)、丙二腈(1.0mmol)、H2O(10ml)、催化剂(30mg)依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,50℃下反应30min。然后在减压下除去水溶液,合并有机相,通过柱层析分离得到产品。收率96%。
2-amino-6'-chloro-2',5-dioxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrospiro[chromene-4,3'-indoline]-3-carbonitrile:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):10.57(s,1H),7.29(s,2H),7.04-7.06(d,1H),6.93-6.95(m,1H),6.79-6.80(d,1H),2.64-2.67(m,1H),2.18-2.29(m,2H),1.89-1.94(m,2H);13C NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):195.62,178.57,166.85,159.14,143.98,132.80,121.82,111.88,109.62,57.27,47.09,39.80,27.20,20.22.
实施例3
将吲哚啉-2,3-二酮(1.0mmol)、1,3-环己二酮(1.0mmol)、丙二腈(1.0mmol)、H2O(10ml)、催化剂(30mg)依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,50℃下反应30min。然后在减压下除去水溶液,合并有机相,通过柱层析分离得到产品。收率93%。
2-amino-2',5-dioxo-1'-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrospiro[chromene-4,3'-indoline]-3-carbonitrile:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):7.58-7.61(t,2H),7.46-7.49(m,1H),7.39(t,1H),7.37-7.38(t,2H),7.19(s,1H),7.17(s,1H),7.02-7.05(m,1H),6.64-6.65(t,1H),2.69-2.71(m,2H),2.49-2.50(m,2H),2.27-2.30(t,2H),2.23-2.25(d,2H);13CNMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):195.83,176.70,166.89,159.15,143.67,135.25,133.85,130.14,128.91,128.58,127.12,124.07,123.49,117.73,112.39,108.92,57.61,47.16,40.14,39.64,36.68,27.18,20.26.
实施例4
将吲哚啉-2,3-二酮(1.0mmol)、1,3-环己二酮(1.0mmol)、丙二腈(1.0mmol)、H2O(10ml)、催化剂(30mg)依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,50℃下反应30min。然后在减压下除去水溶液,合并有机相,通过柱层析分离得到产品。收率96%。
2-amino-5'-methyl-2',5-dioxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrospiro[chromene-4,3'-indoline]-3-carbonitrile:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):10.27(s,1H),7.18(s,2H),6.93-6.94(d,1H),6.81(s,1H),6.76-6.77(d,1H),2.64-2.66(t,2H),2.25(s,1H),2.20-2.23(m,3H),1.89-1.95(m,2H);13C NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):195.46,178.54,166.40,159.03,139.99,135.09,130.85,128.86,124.22,117.87,112.41,109.35,58.20,47.38,40.29,39.63,36.86,27.19,21.13,20.24.
实施例5
将吲哚啉-2,3-二酮(1.0mmol)、5,5-二甲基环己烷-1,3-二酮(1.0mmol)、丙二腈(1.0mmol)、H2O(10ml)、催化剂(30,mg)依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,50℃下反应30min。然后在减压下除去水溶液,合并有机相,通过柱层析分离得到产品。收率94%。
2-amino-7,7-dimethyl-2',5-dioxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrospiro[chromene-4,3'-indoline]-3-carbonitrile:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):10.39(s,1H),7.22(s,2H),7.12-7.15(m,1H),6.97-6.98(m,1H),6.87-6.90(m,1H),6.78-6.79(d,1H),2.55(d,2H),2.09-2.19(d,2H),1.03(s,3H),1.00(s,3H);13C NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):195.34,178.49,164.60,159.22,142.51,134.87,128.63,123.48,122.14,117.81,111.24,109.70,57.94,56.50,50.46,47.27,39.97,32.42,28.07,27.48,19.03.
实施例6
将吲哚啉-2,3-二酮(1.0mmol)、5,5-二甲基环己烷-1,3-二酮(1.0mmol)、丙二腈(1.0mmol)、H2O(10ml)、催化剂(30mg)依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,50℃下反应30min。然后在减压下除去水溶液,合并有机相,通过柱层析分离得到产品。收率96%。
2-amino-6'-chloro-7,7-dimethyl-2',5-dioxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrospiro[chromene-4,3'-indoline]-3-carbonitrile:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):10.57(s,1H),7.31(s,2H),7.02-7.04(d,1H),6.93-6.95(m,1H),6.80-6.81(d,1H),2.55(d,2H),2.09-2.19(m,2H),1.03(s,3H),1.00(s,3H);13C NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):195.51,178.48,164.95,159.29,144.05,133.72,132.85,125.02,121.89,117.67,110.80,109.72,57.21,50.37,47.03,39.97,32.44,27.94,27.60.
实施例7
将吲哚啉-2,3-二酮(1.0mmol)、5,5-二甲基环己烷-1,3-二酮(1.0mmol)、丙二腈1.0mmol)、H2O(10ml)、催化剂(30mg)依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,50℃下反应30min。然后在减压下除去水溶液,合并有机相,通过柱层析分离得到产品。收率96%。
2-amino-5',7,7-trimethyl-2',5-dioxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrospiro[chromene-4,3'-indoline]-3-carbonitrile:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):10.28(s,1H),7.19(s,2H),6.93-6.94(d,1H),6.78(s,1H),6.66-6.68(d,1H),2.55(s,2H),2.20(s,3H),2.13-2.14(d,2H),1.03(s,3H),1.01(s,3H);13C NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):195.34,178.45,164.50,159.17,140.07,134.98,130.90,128.89,124.06,117.86,111.30,109.44,58.14,50.49,47.31,39.97,32.44,27.93,27.68,21.13.
实施例8
将吲哚啉-2,3-二酮(1.0mmol)、5,5-二甲基环己烷-1,3-二酮(1mmol)、氰乙酸乙酯(1.0mmol)、H2O(10ml)、催化剂(30mg)依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,50℃下反应30min。然后在减压下除去水溶液,合并有机相,通过柱层析分离得到产品。收率95%。
2-amino-5',7,7-trimethyl-2',5-dioxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrospiro[chromene-4,3'-indoline]-3-carboxylae:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):10.03(s,1H),7.84(s,2H),6.84-6.85(m,1H),6.64-6.65(d,1H),6.56-6.57(s,1H),3.69-3.73(m,2H),2.50-2.58(m,2H),2.12-2.15(d,3H),2.02-2.05(d,2H),1.02(s,1H),0.96(s,3H),0.81-0.84(t,3H);13CNMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):195.10,180.23,168.16,162.76,159.53,142.10,136.50,129.54,127.87,123.44,113.65,108.32,76.91,59.35,51.15,47.13,39.96,32.03,28.14,27.33,21.14,13.57.
实施例9
将吲哚啉-2,3-二酮(1.0mmol)、乙酰乙酸乙酯(1mmol)、丙二腈(1.0mmol)、H2O(10ml)、催化剂(30mg)依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,50℃下反应30min。然后在减压下除去水溶液,合并有机相,通过柱层析分离得到产品。收率92%。
2'-amino-6-chloro-3'-cyano-6'-methyl-2-oxospiro[indoline-3,4'-pyran]-5'-carboxylate:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):10.58(s,1H),7.22(s,2H),7.10-7.11(d,1H),6.97-6.99(m,1H),6.82(d,1H),3.77-3.86(m,2H),2.33(s,3H),0.83-0.86(t,3H);13CNMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):179.00,164.80,159.59,144.09,133.99,133.14,125.36,122.03,117.80,109.81,104.48,60.89,56.35,49.18,39.97,19.16,13.54.
实施例10
将吲哚啉-2,3-二酮(1.0mmol)、巴比妥酸(1mmol)、丙二腈(1.0mmol)、H2O(10ml)、催化剂(30mg)依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,50℃下反应30min。然后在减压下除去水溶液,合并有机相,通过柱层析分离得到产品。收率92%。
7'-amino-2,2',4'-trioxo-1',2',3',4'-tetrahydrospiro[indoline-3,5'-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine]-6'-carbonitrile:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):12.29(s,1H),11.11(s,1H),10.47(s,1H),7.35(s,2H),7.12-7.18(m,2H),6.89-6.92(t,1H),6.78-6.79(d,1H);13C NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):178.08,161.87,158.69,153.80,149.70,142.56,133.97,128.86,124.21,122.20,109.71,87.26,58.27,47.10,39.94.
实施例11
将吲哚啉-2,3-二酮(1.0mmol)、丁酰乙酸乙酯(1mmol)、丙二腈1.0mmol)、H2O(10ml)、催化剂(30mg)依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,50℃下反应30min。然后在减压下除去水溶液,合并有机相,通过柱层析分离得到产品。收率96%。
2'-amino-5'-butyryl-6'-ethoxy-5-methyl-2-oxospiro[indoline-3,4'-pyran]-3'-carbonitrile:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):10.28(s,1H),7.11(s,1H),6.97-6.99(d,1H),6.83(s,1H),6.67-6.69(d,1H),3.76-3.79(t,3 2H),2.63-2.66(m,2H),2.22(s,3H),1.61-1.64(m,2H),0.93-0.95(t,3H),0.79-0.82(t,3H);13C NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):178.95,164.88,161.55,159.56,140.13,135.02,131.11,129.27,124.27,118.02,109.56,105.54,60.74,56.98,49.52,39.96,33.31,21.10,20.67,13.74,13.44.
实施例12
将吲哚啉-2,3-二酮(1.0mmol)、丁酰乙酸乙酯(1mmol)、丙二腈(1.0mmol)、H2O(10ml)、催化剂(30mg)依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,50℃下反应30min。然后在减压下除去水溶液,合并有机相,通过柱层析分离得到产品。收率95%。
2'-amino-5'-butyryl-6'-ethoxy-2-oxospiro[indoline-3,4'-pyran]-3'-carbonitrile:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):10.39(s,1H),7.17-7.20(m,1H),7.16(s,2H),7.01-7.01(t,1H),6.92-6.95(m,1H),6.79-6.80(d,1H),3.72-3.80(m,2H),2.58-2.70(m,2H),1.61-1.66(m,2H),0.93-0.96(t,3H),0.77-0.80(t,3H);13C NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):178.97,164.85,161.53,159.63,142.62,134.85,129.03,123.75,122.33,117.97,109.80,105.54,60.74,56.74,49.47,39.97,33.27,20.64,13.70,13.43.
实施例13
将吲哚啉-2,3-二酮(1.0mmol)、丁酰乙酸乙酯(1mmol)、丙二腈(1.0mmol)、H2O(10ml)、催化剂(30mg)依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,50℃下反应30min。然后在减压下除去水溶液,合并有机相,通过柱层析分离得到产品。收率95%。
2'-amino-5'-butyryl-6-chloro-6'-ethoxy-2-oxospiro[indoline-3,4'-pyran]-3'-carbonitrile:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):10.58(s,1H),7.22(s,2H),7.05-7.07(d,1H),6.98-7.00(m,1H),6.82(d,1H),3.75-3.87(m,2H),2.61-2.71(m,2H),1.61-1.67(m,2H),0.93-0.96(t,3H),0.85(t,3H);13C NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):178.94,164.70,162.16,159.61,144.13,133.83,133.19,125.25,122.08,117.81,109.86,104.92,60.93,56.14,49.24,39.97,33.36,20.65,13.71,13.53.
实施例14
将吲哚啉-2,3-二酮(1.0mmol)、5,5-二甲基环己烷-1,3-二酮(2.0mmol)、H2O(10ml)和催化剂(30mg)依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,50℃下反应30min。然后在减压下除去水溶液,合并有机相,通过柱层析分离得到产品。收率97%。
6-chloro-3',3',6',6'-tetramethyl-3',4',6',7'-tetrahydrospiro[indoline-3,9'-xanthene]-1',2,8'(2'H,5'H)-trione:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):10.45(s,1H),6.95-6.97(d,1H),6.89-6.91(m,1H),6.81-6.82(d,1H),2.23-2.32(m,2H),2.14-2.17(d,2H),2.06-2.10(m,2H),1.92-1.95(t,2H),0.96-0.99(m,12H);13C NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):204.05,194.86,182.44,169.10,146.19,132.54,132.32,131.29,130.81,123.08,121.66,112.58,111.23,109.85,101.35,58.90,54.12,46.57,33.66,31.63,27.32,26.47.
实施例15
将吲哚啉-2,3-二酮(1.0mmol)、1,3-环己二酮(2.0mmol)、H2O(10ml)和催化剂(30mg)依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,50℃下反应30min。然后在减压下除去水溶液,合并有机相,通过柱层析分离得到产品。收率96%。
6-chloro-3',4',6',7'-tetrahydrospiro[indoline-3,9'-xanthene]-1',2,8'(2'H,5'H)-trione:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):11.17(s,1H),6.98-7.00(d,1H),6.88-6.89(d,1H),6.80(s,1H),1.82-1.87(m,6H),1.71-1.79(m,6H);13C NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):204.51,195.02,182.63,170.93,146.29,127.85,123.26,121.53,119.82,112.48,109.72,108.39,100.93,59.4256.49,39.97,35.59,29.53,19.03.
实施例16
将吲哚啉-2,3-二酮(1.0mmol)、1,3-环己二酮(2.0mmol)、H2O(10ml)和催化剂(30mg)依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,50℃下反应30min。然后在减压下除去水溶液,合并有机相,通过柱层析分离得到产品。收率96%。
3',4',6',7'-tetrahydrospiro[indoline-3,9'-xanthene]-1',2,8'(2'H,5'H)-trione:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):8.82-8.83(d,1H),7.08-7.11(m,1H),6.95-6.97(m,1H),6.80-6.84(m,1H),6.78(s,1H),2.05-2.21(m,6H),1.68-1.90(m,6H);13C NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):204.33,194.81,182.46,170.50,144.83,133.75,127.89,121.88,112.96,109.70,100.98,59.61,47.12,39.97,37.22,35.65,29.55,20.59,20.07.
实施例17
将吲哚啉-2,3-二酮(1.0mmol)、5,5-二甲基环己烷-1,3-二酮(2.0mmol)、H2O(10ml)和催化剂(30mg)依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,50℃下反应30min。然后在减压下除去水溶液,合并有机相,通过柱层析分离得到产品。收率94%。
3',3',5,6',6'-pentamethyl-3',4',6',7'-tetrahydrospiro[indoline-3,9'-xanthene]-1',2,8'(2'H,5'H)-trione:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):10.88(s,1H),8.90(d,1H),6.89-6.91(m,1H),6.74(d,1H),6.68-6.69(d,1H),2.34-2.35(d,2H),2.11-2.14(t,2H),1.87-1.95(m,2H),1.05(s,3H),0.93-1.00(m,12H);13C NMR(500MHz,DMSO)(ppm):203.89,194.66,182.15,168.58,142.36,133.62,130.59,128.20,122.42,111.75,109.53,101.35,59.14,54.25,50.68,47.28,46.90,42.70,39.98,33.67,32.81,31.64,29.03,27.31,26.58,21.32.
实施例18
将吲哚啉-2,3-二酮(1.0mmol)、1,3-环己二酮(1.0mmol)、丙二腈(1.0mmol)、H2O(10ml)、实施例1中经外加磁体回收60℃真空干燥5h后的催化剂依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,50℃下反应30min。然后在减压下除去水溶液,合并有机相,通过柱层析分离得到产品。收率94%。离子液体重复使用10次,未发现收率明显下降,具体如图1所示的NMR数据。
上述发明内容及具体实施方式意在证明本发明所提供技术方案的实际应用,不应解释为对本发明保护范围的限定。本领域技术人员在本发明的精神和原理内,当可作各种修改、等同替换、或改进。本发明的保护范围以所附权利要求书为准。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于催化合成螺吲哚酮类化合物的介孔聚L-脯氨酸的制备方法,其特征在于,所述介孔聚L-脯氨酸由L-脯氨酸官能化单体、具有2、4、6或8个碳原子的烷基桥键交联剂以及以烯烃修饰的Fe3O4纳米粒子进行聚合反应制得;
所述L-脯氨酸官能化单体是通过包括以下步骤的方法制备得到的:
先用2,2,2-三氟乙酸将左旋羟脯氨酸活化,再加入丙烯酰氯,产物用乙醚洗涤,得到L-脯氨酸官能化单体;
所述交联剂是通过包括以下步骤的方法制备得到的:
将摩尔比为1:2的1,2-二溴乙烷和1-乙烯基咪唑溶于甲醇中,加热回流,而后经减压蒸馏得到;
所述以烯烃修饰的Fe3O4纳米粒子是通过包括以下步骤的方法制备得到的:
Fe3O4纳米粒子以三乙氧基乙烯基硅烷功能化,然后使用外部磁场收集所得固体,并用乙醇洗涤3次,得到端烯修饰的Fe3O4纳米颗粒。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述L-脯氨酸官能化单体和交联剂摩尔比为1:0.5-6。
3.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述交联剂选自ADBVIB-C2、ADBVIB-C4、ADBVIB-C6或ADBVIB-C8中的任一种。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的介孔聚L-脯氨酸。
5.一种螺吲哚酮类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,以权利要求4所述的介孔聚L-脯氨酸为催化剂,将吲哚啉-2,3-二酮、中间体与1,3-二羰基化合物于水中混匀,于常压下、20℃-60℃,反应时间30min,制备得到螺吲哚酮化合物;所述中间体为丙二腈或氰乙酸乙酯;所述吲哚啉-2,3-二酮、中间体与1,3-二羰基化合物的摩尔比为1:1-2:0-1;以g:mol计,所述催化剂用量为30:1。
6.如权利要求5所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述1,3-二羰基化合物为5,5-二甲基环己烷-1,3-二酮或1,3-环己烷二酮。
7.如权利要求5所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述合成方法还包括:在催化反应结束后通过外部磁场将催化剂从反应混合物中分离出来。
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