CN112955614A - 声学地板组件 - Google Patents

声学地板组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112955614A
CN112955614A CN201980060657.8A CN201980060657A CN112955614A CN 112955614 A CN112955614 A CN 112955614A CN 201980060657 A CN201980060657 A CN 201980060657A CN 112955614 A CN112955614 A CN 112955614A
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China
Prior art keywords
assembly
layer
floor
acoustic
stability core
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Pending
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CN201980060657.8A
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English (en)
Inventor
卡里.佩克
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Ka LiPeike
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Ka LiPeike
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Publication of CN112955614A publication Critical patent/CN112955614A/zh
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Abstract

一种地板组件，其包括地板单元，该地板单元包括具有多个边缘表面的稳定性芯层，其中两个边缘表面具有用于附接到相邻地板单元的稳定性芯的边缘表面的互锁机构，以及附接到该稳定性芯层的底表面的声音衰减声学层。

Description

声学地板组件
发明人:卡里.佩克
背景技术
在建筑行业中，高度期望包括地板元件的地板组件，该地板元件被配置为结合在一起以形成具有满足或超过建筑物声音规范要求(STC和HC等级)的声学、声音衰减特性的饰面地板。这些规范要求高度抑制建筑物各楼层之间的声音传播。常规使用的地板元件可包括具有适于将其附接到底层地板基底上的声学、声音衰减特性的多层复合层压板。
最常见的附接到由传统的地板元件构造的地板组件的底层地板的形式本质上是机械性的。即钉子、订书钉、螺栓、螺钉等。然而，这些层压板的声音、声音衰减部分通过这种刚性附接元件的穿透提供了声桥，该声桥导致振动能量，特别是声能通过声音层的直接传递，从而有害地影响了其声音衰减特性。该振动能量通常表现为噪声，特别是低频噪声。
这些噪声传递刚性附接元件的效果在诸如公寓、公寓建筑物等的多单元建筑物中特别令人反感。例如，如果多单元建筑的两个单元(例如位于第一住宅区域正上方的第一住宅区域和第二住宅区域)通过地板组件分开，这些地板组件通过声音桥接机械附接元件而附接到建筑物结构上，在第二区域中产生的振动作为噪声或其他声音被传递到第一区域，从而干扰了第一区域的享受。
在申请人的共同未决申请中，序列号为14/093,131，现在为美国专利号9,834,158中，描述了更薄和更经济的地板组件，该地板组件包括构造成结合在一起以形成具有声学、声音衰减特性的饰面地板的地板元件，该饰面地板能够在一步安装过程中附接到建筑物结构，例如底层地板基底上，即使地板组件机械连接到结构，也不会产生通过其声学部分传递振动能量的声桥。
在2017年11月1日提交的美国专利申请号15/800,239中描述了一种更薄、更经济的地板组件，该地板组件包括构造成结合在一起以形成具有声学、声音衰减特性的饰面地板的地板元件。
本发明的目的是提供替代的地板组件，该地板组件比迄今描述的地板组件更薄并且更便宜，所述地板组件提供了出色的隔音性能同时提供了最大的成本节省。
发明内容
通过本发明实现上述和其他目的，本发明的一个实施例涉及一种包括多个地板单元的地板组件，每个单元包括：
稳定性芯层，其具有顶表面、底表面和多个边缘表面，其中至少两个边缘表面具有互锁机构，以用于附接至相邻地板单元的稳定性芯的边缘表面；
声音衰减声学层，其附接到稳定性芯层的底表面；和可选地，
饰面层，其附接到稳定性芯层的顶表面，
背衬/固定层，其附接到声音衰减层的底表面，和
填料层，其介于稳定性芯层和声音衰减层之间，
其中：
(1)所述稳定性芯层和所述声音衰减声学层是多边形的，
(2)所述组件可附接到结构的表面，和
(3)所述声音衰减声学层的边缘均不具有用于附接到相邻声音衰减声学层的边缘的互锁机构。
本发明的地板组件被构造成可容易地附接到建筑结构的表面。
附图说明
图1是本发明的地板单元的侧视立面图；
图2是本发明的地板单元的俯视立面图。
具体实施方式
本发明基于以下发现：由如上所述的地板单元构成的地板组件有效地将任何刚性机械连接元件与饰面地板层隔离，从而避免了饰面层与建筑结构之间的任何声能直接传递。
将参考附图描述本公开的实施例。尽管将描述各种示例性和优选实施例，但是本公开不限于此。相反，也意图涵盖各种修改和类似的布置(对于本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的)。因此，所附权利要求的范围应被赋予尽可能广泛的解释，以涵盖所有这样的修改和类似的布置。
参照图1和图2，示出了地板单元10。单元10包括具有互锁机构的第一多边形稳定性芯层2：沿着至少两个、优选地相对的侧向边缘的舌部x和凹槽y构造，用于附接到相邻地板单元的稳定性芯层的边缘表面。在稳定性芯层2的底表面上附接有声音衰减声学层4。可选地，在稳定性芯层2的顶表面上附接有饰面层1。
在声学层4和芯层2之间，可以插入可选的填料层3(下面进一步描述)。可以将可选的背衬层5(下面进一步描述)附接到声学层4的底表面。在需要时，使用填料层和背衬层来管理该组件的厚度并保持材料平衡。
层1-3和层5中的每一个优选地具有可以采取任何形式的相同的多边形形状，例如矩形(板、片等)或正方形(砖(tile)等)。可以通过任何适当的方式；最优选地，粘合地，将上述每个层彼此附接。
本发明的地板单元的组件可附接到建筑结构的表面；例如，通过(1)粘合剂(优选地具有耐火性能的粘合剂)，(2)机械连接器或(3)(1)和(2)的组合来进行底层地板表面。
因此，本发明的地板单元的主要优点在于它们可以被组装并附接到建筑结构，例如底层地板，以实现没有穿透性机械连接或刚性穿透[例如钉子]穿过“声学层”的声学地板，这将允许声音桥接该层，从而削弱其声音衰减特性，并同时在建筑结构和声学地板组件之间实现持久的连接。这是通过地板单元的独特结构实现的，该结构允许在声学层4或背衬层5的下部中的任何位置进行机械连接。参考图1和2，优选的机械连接位置在声学层4的下部部分A中，使得它就可以被来自相邻地板块或可选的背衬层5中的重叠声学层覆盖，完全避免穿过声学层的任何声学穿透，这些声学穿透可能会将任何声音从顶部饰面表面1桥接到建筑结构。机械连接器可以采用任何合适的形式，例如钉子、螺钉、钉书钉、螺栓、夹子、按扣等。
常规的现有技术声学地板的构造和附接需要以下步骤：
(1)在底层地板上安装具有所需声音衰减值的声学层。
(2)两层交错的胶合板层附接到声学层的顶表面上，厚度增加了1-1/2"。
(3)通过钉入中间交错的胶合板层和声学层，将饰面地板层(如果是木材，3/4"厚度)附接到底层地板上，从而在饰面层和底层地板之间形成不希望的声桥。
最佳地，本发明的地板组件如下构造并附接到底层地板上：
如上所述的组件，3/4"+声学层，比传统安装节省了1 1/2"。本发明的组件还优于上述专利申请中描述的组件，因为它的构造相当薄且造价便宜。
本发明的组件省去了安装现有技术的地板组件所需的几个步骤，并导致整体厚度的显著节省。
此外，本发明的地板组件使得能够以一步式的工艺来安装地板，该地板满足或超过了世界上大多数主要城市中的建筑物声规范要求[STC和IIC等级]。
地板组件适用于安装任何合适的可选地板饰面。例如，可选的饰面层1可以包括任何合适的材料，例如，石头、木材、陶瓷、金属、织物、地毯、树脂、橡胶、聚合物或竹子。
类似地，可选的填料层3也可以由这些相同的饰面或其他合适的材料构成。
声学或声音衰减层4可以包括任何合适的声音衰减建筑材料，例如橡胶、聚合物或树脂材料。
稳定性芯层2还可以包括将为地板单元提供结构稳定性的任何合适的建筑材料。这种材料的示例是木材、橡胶、聚合物或树脂材料或纤维基质材料。
可选的填料层3和可选的背衬层5可以每个由石头、木材、陶瓷、金属、织物、地毯、树脂、橡胶、聚合物或竹子材料制成。本领域技术人员将理解，在其示例性实施例的情况下，可以在形式和细节上进行各种改变，而不脱离由所附权利要求书限定的本发明的精神和范围。示例性实施例应仅在描述性意义上考虑，而不是出于限制的目的。因此，本发明的范围不是由本发明的详细描述限定，而是由所附权利要求限定，并且该范围内的所有差异将被解释为包括在本发明中。

Claims (15)

1.一种地板组件，包括地板单元，该地板单元包括：
稳定性芯层，该稳定性芯层具有顶表面、底表面和多个边缘表面，所述边缘表面中的至少两个具有互锁机构，用于附接到相邻地板单元的稳定性芯的边缘表面，和
声音衰减声学层，该声音衰减声学层附接到稳定性芯层的底表面，其中：
(1)所述稳定性芯层和所述声音衰减声学层中的每个是多边形的，和
(2)所述组件可附接到结构的表面，和
(3)所述声音衰减声学层的边缘均不具有用于附接到相邻声音衰减声学层的边缘的互锁机构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组件，还包括以下中的至少一个：
(a)饰面层，该饰面层附接到所述稳定性芯层的顶表面，
(b)填料层，该填料层介于稳定性芯层和声音衰减层之间，和/或
(c)背衬层，该背衬层附接到所述声学层的底表面。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组件，其中，所述互锁机构是沿着所述稳定性芯的相对的侧向边缘的舌部和凹槽构造。
4.根据权利要求2所述的组件，其中，所述地板单元通过机械连接器可附接到结构的表面，所述机械连接器延伸穿过所述声音衰减声学层和/或所述背衬层中的一个或两个，但是不与所述饰面层接触。
5.根据权利要求4所述的组件，其中，所述机械连接器是钉子、螺钉、订书钉、螺栓、夹子或按扣。
6.根据权利要求5所述的组件，其中，所述机械连接器是钉子。
7.根据权利要求2所述的组件，其中，所述层通过粘合剂彼此附接。
8.根据权利要求2所述的组件，其中，所述饰面层包括石材、木材、陶瓷、金属、织物、地毯、树脂、橡胶、聚合物或竹子。
9.根据权利要求1所述的组件，其中，所述稳定性芯层包括木材、橡胶、聚合物或树脂材料或纤维基质材料。
10.根据权利要求2所述的组件，其中，所述填料层包括石材、木材、陶瓷、金属、织物、地毯、树脂、橡胶、聚合物或竹子材料。
11.根据权利要求2所述的组件，其中，所述背衬层包括石材、木材、陶瓷、金属、织物、地毯、树脂、橡胶、聚合物或竹子材料。
12.根据权利要求1所述的组件，其形状为正方形或矩形。
13.根据权利要求1所述的组件，其中，所述地板单元为板的形式。
14.根据权利要求1所述的组件，其中，所述地板单元为砖的形式。
15.根据权利要求1所述的组件，其中，所述组件可附接到其上的所述建筑结构表面是底层地板。
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US10563412B1 (en) 2020-02-18

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