CN112940520A - 一类具有细胞器定位性质的荧光染料在细胞器成像中的应用 - Google Patents

一类具有细胞器定位性质的荧光染料在细胞器成像中的应用 Download PDF

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CN112940520A
CN112940520A CN201911257415.6A CN201911257415A CN112940520A CN 112940520 A CN112940520 A CN 112940520A CN 201911257415 A CN201911257415 A CN 201911257415A CN 112940520 A CN112940520 A CN 112940520A
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徐兆超
刘文娟
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Abstract

本发明涉及一类具有细胞器定位性质的荧光染料在细胞器成像中的应用,该类染料的结构特征在于带有细胞器定位基团的具有分子内开关的五甲川菁。具有分子内开关的五甲川菁荧光团光稳定性强、亮度高,通过向荧光团母体上引入细胞器定位基团进行细胞器定位,这类染料可实现对活细胞细胞器的长时间观察与超分辨成像。

Description

一类具有细胞器定位性质的荧光染料在细胞器成像中的应用
技术领域
本发明属于荧光成像技术领域,具体涉及一类具有细胞器定位性质的荧光染料在细胞器成像中的应用。
背景技术
自荧光检测技术出现以来,生命科学和基础医学领域的大量工作相继开展,着力于研究细胞内的各项生命活动。细胞器是细胞的重要结构单元,细胞内复杂的生命活动依赖各细胞器密切配合、共同完成。细胞器形态结构的改变、细胞器之间相互作用的开展及细胞器内部微环境的改变都意味着不同的生理活动的发生,荧光显微成像技术作为原位、无损追踪这类动态生命活动的主要工具在这一领域应用极为广泛。近些年来超分辨荧光显微技术的发展,使得对细胞器长时间动态的观察愈加细致,也对细胞器定位荧光染料提出了更高要求。
为了实现更高的定位精度,超分辨显微成像技术要求单位时间内获得的光子数更多,这就对染料亮度提出了更高要求。此外,相比于传统的共聚焦荧光显微镜,超分辨显微镜所使用的激光器强度亦大幅度提高,因此更高光稳定性的染料不仅是实现高分辨成像的必要条件,也是满足长时间动态观察生命过程的必要条件。遗憾的是,目前大部分细胞器定位染料在亮度和光稳定性上都不足以满足长时间超分辨成像的要求。
花菁类染料是目前已知的吸光度最高,亮度最高的一类染料,在超分辨成像领域应用最为广泛。基于花菁类染料开发一类细胞器定位的荧光染料,是实现超分辨成像条件下长时间动态观察细胞器的有效途径。
发明内容
本发明涉及一类具有细胞器定位性质的荧光染料在细胞器成像中的应用,应用于细胞器成像中;该类染料为具有分子内开关的五甲川菁类荧光染料。此开关在酸性至碱性的较宽pH范围内均处于闭环状态,保护分子免于受到光漂白。成像条件下,分子可在质子、盐离子、激光、蛋白质及细胞内其他物质的作用下开环,开环分子亮度高、稳定性强,可实现对细胞器的长时间动态观察。
本发明公开了一类具有细胞器定位性质的荧光染料,适用于活细胞细胞器成像的荧光染料,是以五甲川菁染料为结构单元,其结构式如下所示,
Figure BDA0002310673020000021
其中,X、Y为是相同或不同的取代基,具体为H、COOH、SO3H或SO3 -中的任何一种基团;
Z为R1,R1SH,R1OH,R1COOH,R1PPh3 +,R1具体为H、CmH2m+1、CmH2m、 CmH2m-1、CmH2m-3中的任一基团,或其带有单个或多个二级取代基团的衍生结构; m是1~20之间的整数;
同时,本发明还提供了具有细胞器定位性质的荧光染料的一般合成方法,合成步骤如下:
Figure BDA0002310673020000022
具体合成步骤为:
步骤一:半菁的合成
将Y、Z取代基修饰的2,3,3-三甲基三氢吲哚与丙二醛衍生物按摩尔比 1:1-1:1.1置于圆底烧瓶中,加入溶剂乙酸酐,升温至90-110℃反应1-5小时;减压除去溶剂,硅胶柱层析得到红棕色产物半菁;
步骤二:X取代基修饰的N-硫乙酰烷基-2,3,3-三甲基三氢吲哚的合成
将X修饰的N-溴烷基-2,3,3-三甲基三氢吲哚和硫代乙酸钾按摩尔比 1:1-10溶于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中,25-90℃下搅拌1-12小时;减压除去溶剂,得到产物待用;
步骤三:花菁的合成
将步骤一得到的半菁,步骤二得到的X取代基修饰的N-硫乙酰烷基-2,3,3- 三甲基三氢吲哚按及醋酸钠按摩尔比1:1-1.1:1-10置于圆底烧瓶中,加入溶剂醋酸酐,升温至90-110℃反应1-5小时;减压除去溶剂,硅胶柱层析得到蓝色产物花菁;
步骤四:具有分子内开关的五甲川菁染料的合成
将步骤三得到的菁染料与无水碳酸钾按摩尔比1:1-5加入圆底烧瓶中,向其中加入溶剂甲醇,室温下搅拌反应0.5-2小时;减压除去溶剂,色谱柱层析得到浅黄色产物即具有细胞器定位性质的荧光染料。
上述这类染料能够应用于细胞器的荧光成像,并作为探针用于荧光传感。
本发明具有以下特征:
这类细胞器成像染料具有合成原料低价、方法简单且易于衍生等优点。
这类细胞器成像染料可以实现准确地细胞器定位,并对细胞器状态进行长时间的追踪与观察。
这类细胞器染料光稳定性强,细胞内超分辨荧光成像条件下,相比于不加此修饰的五甲川菁染料,荧光强度降低至60%可成像帧数提高了九倍。
这类细胞器染料对细胞器内质子环境、蛋白质及离子等有亮-暗态的转变,可作为探针用于细胞器内微环境的检测。
附图说明
图1:为实施例1中中间体花菁CySA-4C的核磁氢谱;
图2:为实施例1中中间体花菁CySA-4C的核磁碳谱;
图3:为实施例1中目标化合物CyS-4C的核磁氢谱;
图4:为实施例1中目标化合物CyS-4C在不同溶剂中的紫外可见吸收图谱;
图5:为实施例1中目标化合物CyS-4C在不同溶剂中的荧光发射图谱;
图6:为实施例1中目标化合物CyS-4C染色的人宫颈癌细胞(HeLa)线粒体的结构光照明超分辨显微成像(SIM);
图7:为实施例5中目标化合物CySMB-3C染色的人宫颈癌细胞(HeLa)细胞膜的共聚焦成像。
具体实施方式
实施例1
染料CyS-4C的合成
中间体半菁的合成路线和产物结构如下:
Figure BDA0002310673020000041
称取N-甲基-2,3,3-三氢吲哚(300mg,1mmol)与丙二醛衍生物(284mg,1mmol)置于单口瓶中,加入溶剂乙酸酐3mL,升温至90℃搅拌2小时。减压除去溶剂,硅胶柱层析 (二氯甲烷/甲醇=50/1,V/V)得红棕色固体181mg,产率60%。
其高分辨质谱数据如下:
HRMS(ESI):m/z:[M]+:计算值:345.1961,实验值:345.1964。
经检测,其结构如上式示。
中间体N-硫乙酰丁基-2,3,3-三甲基三氢吲哚的合成
Figure BDA0002310673020000042
称取化合物N-(4-溴丁基)-2,3,3-三甲基三氢吲哚(150mg,0,4mmol),硫代乙酸钾(46 mg,0.4mmol)置于圆底烧瓶中,加入溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺2mL,室温下搅拌12小时,减压蒸去溶剂直接用于下一步。
其高分辨质谱数据如下:
HRMS(ESI):m/z:[M]+:计算值:290.1573,实验值:290.1576。
经检测,其结构如上式示。
中间体花菁CySA-4C的合成
Figure BDA0002310673020000051
称取化合物N-硫乙酰丁基-2,3,3-三甲基三氢吲哚(150mg,0.41mmol),步骤一合成的半菁(140mg,0.41mmol),乙酸钠(45mg,0.54mmol)置于圆底烧瓶中,加入溶剂醋酸酐5mL,升温至90℃搅拌1小时。减压争取溶剂,硅胶柱层析(二氯甲烷/甲醇=50/1, V/V)得蓝色固体104mg,产率44%。
其高分辨质谱数据如下:
HRMS(ESI):m/z:[M]+:计算值:499.2778,实验值:499.2743。
其核磁氢谱如图1所示,具体数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.10(t,J=12.7小时z,2H),7.29(t,J=6.5小时z,4H),7.14 (t,J=7.4小时z,2H),7.06(dd,J=15.0,8.0小时z,2H),6.76(t,J=12.3小时z,1H),6.24(dd,J =13.2,10.0小时z,2H),4.09–4.00(m,2H),3.63(s,3H),2.88(t,J=6.7小时z,2H),2.24(s, 3H),1.81(d,J=6.9小时z,2H),1.70(s,6H),1.68(s,6H),1.18(t,J=7.1小时z,2H).
其核磁碳谱如图2所示,具体数据如下:
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ194.84,172.62,171.88,152.78,141.66,140.94,140.29, 140.05,127.63,125.32,124.24,124.13,121.38,121.24,109.61,109.55,102.98,102.63,59.38, 48.46,48.43,42.96,29.75,27.47,27.23,27.03,25.95,25.24,13.21.
经检测,其结构如上式示。
目标化合物CyS-4C的合成
Figure BDA0002310673020000061
称取上一步获得的花菁染料(60mg,0.1mmol),碳酸钾(15mg,0.1mmol)置于圆底烧瓶中,加入溶剂甲醇2mL,室温下搅拌20min。减压蒸去溶剂,碱性氧化铝柱层析(二氯甲烷/甲醇=15/1,V/V)得浅黄色固体10mg,产率17%。
其高分辨质谱数据如下:
HRMS(ESI):m/z:[M]+:计算值:457.2672,实验值:457.2610。
其核磁氢谱见图3,具体数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.15(t,J=12.8小时z,2H),7.28(dd,J=13.8,5.8小时z,4H),7.13(t,J=7.3小时z,2H),7.05(dd,J=15.1,7.9小时z,2H),6.79(t,J=12.2小时z,1H), 6.37(dd,J=16.6,13.9小时z,2H),4.09(s,2H),3.63(s,3H),2.69(t,J=6.2小时z,2H),1.84(s, 4H),1.70(s,6H),1.66(s,6H).
经检测,其结构如上式示。
将本实施例得到的化合物CyS-4C溶解于二甲基亚砜溶液中,配制成不同染料的2mM母液,根据需要制配成不同浓度测试溶液,对其不同溶剂中的光谱、对离子及pH等的响应,活细胞长时间超分辨成像性质进行检测。
CyS-4C在多种溶剂中的光谱测试。取7.5μL母液,加入3mL溶剂中,配制成5μM的荧光探针测试液,并进行紫外和荧光光谱的测试。
CyS-4C对活细胞的结构光照明显微成像(SIM)。取1μL母液置于1mL人宫颈癌细胞(HeLa)培养液中,培养箱中孵育60min,随后用于结构光照明显微成像。
实施例2
化合物CySMito-3C的合成
中间体半菁的合成
Figure BDA0002310673020000071
称取化合物N-硫乙酰丙基-2,3,3-三甲基三氢吲哚(200mg,0.55mmol),丙二醛衍生物(180mg,0.63mmol)置于圆底烧瓶中,加入溶剂醋酸酐,升温至 110℃搅拌1小时,减压蒸去溶剂,硅胶柱层析得红棕色固体60mg,产率20%。
其高分辨质谱数据如下:
HRMS(ESI):m/z:[M]+:计算值:405.1995,实验值:405.2004.
经检验,其结构如上式所示。
中间体N-(4-三苯基膦)丁基-2,3,3-三甲基三氢吲哚的合成
Figure BDA0002310673020000072
称取化合物N-(4-溴丙基)-2,3,3-三甲基三氢吲哚(100mg,0.27mmol),三苯基膦(702mg,2.7mmol)置于圆底烧瓶中,加入溶剂乙腈2mL,90℃搅拌过夜。旋干反应液,用正己烷分散残余液,四氢呋喃洗涤,抽滤得肉粉色固体140mg,产率99%。
其高分辨质谱数据如下:
HRMS(ESI):m/z:[M]2+:计算值:446.2842,实验值:223.1419。
其核磁数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.00(s,1H),7.90(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),7.87– 7.73(m,12H),7.62(s,3H),7.57(s,1H),4.56(s,2H),3.77(s,2H),3.60(s,2H),2.83 (s,3H),2.10(s,2H),1.49(s,6H).
经检测,其结构如上式示。
中间体花菁的合成
Figure BDA0002310673020000081
称取化合物N-(4-三苯基膦)丁基-2,3,3-三甲基三氢吲哚(97mg,0.20 mmol),上一步制得的半菁(75mg,0.15mmol)置于圆底烧瓶中,向其中加入溶剂醋酸酐5mL,升温至110℃搅拌1小时。减压蒸去溶剂,碱性氧化铝柱层析(二氯甲烷/甲醇=15/1,V/V)得蓝色固体20mg,产率10%。
其高分辨质谱数据如下:
HRMS(ESI):m/z:[M]2+:计算值:788.3918,实验值:394.1953.
经检验,其结构如上式所示。
目标化合物CySMito-3C的合成
Figure BDA0002310673020000082
CySMito-3C
称取上一步获得的花菁染料(60mg,0.1mmol),碳酸钾(75mg,0.5mmol)置于圆底烧瓶中,加入溶剂甲醇2mL,50℃搅拌0.5h。减压蒸去溶剂,碱性氧化铝柱层析(二氯甲烷/甲醇=15/1,V/V)得浅黄色固体10mg,产率17%。
其高分辨质谱数据如下:
HRMS(ESI):m/z:[M]+:计算值:746.3813,实验值:746.3901.
经检验,其结构如上式所示。
实施例3
化合物CySMB-3C的合成
中间体半菁的合成
Figure BDA0002310673020000091
称取化合物N-硫乙酰丙基-2,3,3-三甲基三氢吲哚(200mg,0.55mmol),丙二醛衍生物(180mg,0.63mmol)置于圆底烧瓶中,加入溶剂醋酸酐,升温至 110℃搅拌2小时,减压蒸去溶剂,硅胶柱层析得红棕色固体60mg,产率20%。
其高分辨质谱数据如下:
HRMS(ESI):m/z:[M]+:计算值:405.1995,实验值:405.2004.
经检验,其结构如上式所示。
中间体N-十六烷基-2,3,3-三甲基三氢吲哚的合成
Figure BDA0002310673020000092
取化合物2,3,3-三甲基三氢吲哚(550μL,3mmol),碘十六烷(1.3g,3mmol) 置于密封管中,加热至90℃搅拌48小时。充分冷却反应液,将固体分散于正己烷中,抽滤得紫色蜡状固体1.36g,产率38%。
其高分辨质谱数据如下:
HRMS(ESI):m/z:[M]+:计算值:384.3625,实验值:384.3668。
其核磁数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.99–7.95(m,1H),7.84(dd,J=5.9,2.7Hz, 1H),7.63(dd,J=5.1,3.7Hz,2H),4.48–4.39(m,2H),2.83(s,3H),1.88–1.77(m, 2H),1.53(s,6H),1.45–1.36(m,2H),1.34–1.19(m,24H),0.85(t,J=6.8Hz,3H).
经检验,其结构如上式所示。
中间体花菁的合成
Figure BDA0002310673020000101
称取化合物N-十六烷基-2,3,3-三甲基三氢吲哚(97mg,0.20mmol),上一步制得的半菁(75mg,0.15mmol)置于圆底烧瓶中,向其中加入溶剂醋酸酐5 mL,升温至90℃搅拌2小时。减压蒸去溶剂,硅胶柱层析(二氯甲烷/甲醇= 15/1,V/V)得蓝色固体20mg,产率10%。
其高分辨质谱数据如下:
HRMS(ESI):m/z:[M]+:计算值:695.4969,实验值:695.4979
经检验,其结构如上式所示。
目标化合物CySMB-3C的合成
Figure BDA0002310673020000111
CySMB-3C
称取上一步获得的花菁染料(60mg,0.1mmol),碳酸钾(15mg,0.1mmol) 置于圆底烧瓶中,加入溶剂甲醇2mL,室温搅拌2h。减压蒸去溶剂,碱性氧化铝柱层析(二氯甲烷/甲醇=15/1,V/V)得浅黄色固体10mg,产率17%。
其高分辨质谱数据如下:
HRMS(ESI):m/z:[M+H]+:计算值:653.4863,实验值:653.4872.
经检验,其结构如上式所示。
实施例4
实施例1中制得的化合物CyS-4C在多种溶剂中的光谱测试。取7.5μL母液,加入3mL溶剂中,配制成5μM的荧光探针测试液,并进行紫外和荧光光谱的测试。
如图4、图5所示,在有机溶剂中,该化合物的最大吸收位于645nm左右,荧光位于675nm左右。在水中,该化合物出现明显的H聚集,荧光淬灭。在PBS中,该化合物出现无序聚集,荧光淬灭。
实施例5
实施例1中制得的化合物CyS-4C对活细胞的结构光照明显微成像(SIM)。取1μL母液置于1mL人宫颈癌细胞(HeLa)培养液中,培养箱中孵育60min,随后用于结构光照明显微成像。
如图6所示,HeLa细胞的线粒体轮廓明确,线粒体嵴清晰可见。化合物CyS-4C可实现活细胞线粒体超分辨成像。
实施例6
实施例3制得的化合物CySMB-3C的活细胞共聚焦成像实验。取1μL母液置于1mL人宫颈癌细胞(HeLa)培养液中,培养箱中孵育60min,随后用于共聚焦成像。
如图7所示,在共聚焦条件下该化合物的开环形式主要分布在细胞膜表面,培养基中基本无开环分子,成像背景低、对比度高。

Claims (5)

1.一类具有细胞器定位性质的荧光染料在细胞器成像中的应用,其特征在于:这类染料具有细胞器定位性质,应用于细胞器成像中,荧光染料结构式如下所示,
Figure RE-FDA0002401800860000011
其中,X、Y为是相同或不同的取代基,具体为H、COOH、SO3H或SO3 -中的任何一种基团;
Z为R1,R1PPh3 +,R1具体为H、CmH2m+1、CmH2m、CmH2m-1、CmH2m-3中的任一基团,或其带有单个或多个二级取代基团的衍生结构;m是1~20之间的整数。
2.根据权利要求1所述具有细胞器定位性质的荧光染料在细胞器成像中的应用,其特征在于:所述具有细胞器定位性质的荧光染料通过以下方法制备得到:
步骤一:半菁的合成
将Y、Z取代基修饰的2,3,3-三甲基三氢吲哚与丙二醛衍生物按摩尔比1:1-1:1.1置于圆底烧瓶中,加入溶剂乙酸酐,升温至90-110℃反应1-5小时;减压除去溶剂,硅胶柱层析得到红棕色产物半菁;
步骤二:X取代基修饰的N-硫乙酰烷基-2,3,3-三甲基三氢吲哚的合成
将X修饰的N-溴烷基-2,3,3-三甲基三氢吲哚和硫代乙酸钾溶于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中,25-90℃下搅拌1-12小时;减压除去溶剂,得到产物待用;
步骤三:花菁的合成
将步骤一得到的半菁,步骤二得到的X取代基修饰的N-硫乙酰烷基-2,3,3-三甲基三氢吲哚按及醋酸钠置于圆底烧瓶中,加入溶剂醋酸酐,升温至90-110℃反应1-5小时;减压除去溶剂,硅胶柱层析得到蓝色产物花菁;
步骤四:具有分子内开关的五甲川菁染料的合成
将步骤三得到的菁染料与无水碳酸钾加入圆底烧瓶中,向其中加入溶剂甲醇,室温下搅拌反应0.5-2小时;减压除去溶剂,色谱柱层析得到浅黄色产物即具有细胞器定位性质的荧光染料。
3.根据权利要求2所述具有细胞器定位性质的荧光染料在细胞器成像中的应用,其特征在于:所述步骤二中X修饰的N-溴烷基-2,3,3-三甲基三氢吲哚和硫代乙酸钾摩尔比为1:1-10。
4.根据权利要求2所述具有细胞器定位性质的荧光染料在细胞器成像中的应用,其特征在于:所述步骤三中半菁、X取代基修饰的N-硫乙酰烷基-2,3,3-三甲基三氢吲哚及醋酸钠摩尔比为1:1-1.1:1-10。
5.根据权利要求2所述具有细胞器定位性质的荧光染料在细胞器成像中的应用,其特征在于:所述步骤四中花菁染料与无水碳酸钾摩尔比为1:1-5。
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000159774A (ja) * 1998-11-25 2000-06-13 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd エレクトロクロミツク化合物及び該化合物を含むエレクトロクロミツク材料
CN101787218A (zh) * 2010-01-15 2010-07-28 大连理工大学 一类共轭链上β-位氮取代五甲川菁类荧光染料
CN103146220A (zh) * 2012-10-25 2013-06-12 西安电子科技大学 对称五甲川菁染料及其在分子影像中的应用

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000159774A (ja) * 1998-11-25 2000-06-13 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd エレクトロクロミツク化合物及び該化合物を含むエレクトロクロミツク材料
CN101787218A (zh) * 2010-01-15 2010-07-28 大连理工大学 一类共轭链上β-位氮取代五甲川菁类荧光染料
CN103146220A (zh) * 2012-10-25 2013-06-12 西安电子科技大学 对称五甲川菁染料及其在分子影像中的应用

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