CN112934271B - 一种金属-有机骨架的多孔纳米线及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种金属-有机骨架的多孔纳米线及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于多孔材料形貌控制技术领域,公开了一种金属‑有机骨架的多孔纳米线及其制备方法和应用。该方法是在金属‑有机骨架的前驱液中加入多元醇搅拌,在100~150℃溶剂热反应,冷却后离心分离,所得产物分别用DMF和甲醇洗涤,真空干燥制得金属‑有机骨架的多孔纳米线;所述金属‑有机骨架的前驱液为UiO‑66的前驱液或MIL‑101(Fe)的前驱液。本发明通过多元醇的加入可以调控金属‑有机骨架往特定晶面生长,所制得的金属‑有机骨架的多孔纳米线能保持结构稳定,形貌较均一,其长度为500~1500nm,粒径为20~100nm。该方法操作简便、条件温和、材料形貌可调控,在光催化或电催化领域有应用潜力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于多孔材料形貌控制技术领域,具体地,涉及一种金属-有机骨架的多孔纳米线及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
金属-有机骨架(Metal-organic frameworks,MOFs)是指一类高度有序的结晶多孔材料,由无机金属和有机配体配位连接成一维、二维或三维骨架。在过去的十年中,由于MOFs具有极大的比表面积、可调节的孔径、以及优异的热稳定性和化学稳定性等特点,广泛应用于气体分离和储存、催化、有机分子的吸附和药物传递等领域。目前MOFs的研究主要集中在块体MOFs材料的设计、合成、表征和应用上。通过对MOFs成核和生长以及在特定衬底上诱导MOFs形成的程序的精确控制可合成不同形貌的MOFs。目前,通过调节配体浓度和调节剂浓度可合成如超薄二维薄膜、六方纳米板、八面体、立方体、凹八面体或空心八面体形貌的MOFs。MOFs纳米线由于具有较大高宽比,能暴露更多活性位点,且具有较好的导电性能,引起广泛关注。合成MOFs纳米线的方法有模板剂法和无模板剂法,模板剂法需要多孔Al2O3、聚合物、金属或金属氧化物纳米线等作为模板,合成过程中所需温度高,合成时间长,成本高,后处理程序复杂。无模板剂法是利用晶体相变,设计有机配体和金属离子的定向组装使其往某一晶面生长。其中,配位调节剂,如有机酸、碱类,可通过指导MOFs的成核和生长过程来控制MOFs晶体的尺寸和/或尺寸。但是有机酸、碱的加入有可能会造成MOFs骨架的坍塌,且形貌不好调控。
多元醇的分子中含有二个或二个以上羟基,一般溶于水,大多数多元醇具有沸点高,对极性物质溶解能力强,毒性和挥发性小等特性。多元醇可用于生产醇酸树脂、清漆、聚酯树脂、炸药等工业品,且可作为合成干性油、胶黏剂、增塑剂、表面活性剂的重要中间体。通过在金属-有机骨架的前驱液中加入多元醇,利用多元醇中的羟基可与MOFs中的金属离子产生配位作用,调控金属-有机骨架的生长方向,合成具有特殊形貌——多孔的纳米线。目前为止,未见关于多元醇调节合成特定形貌金属-有机骨架方面的相关研究和报道。
发明内容
为了解决上述现有技术存在的不足之处,本发明的目的在于提供一种金属-有机骨架的多孔纳米线。该纳米线可通过调节多元醇的添加量合成,增大高宽比,使其暴露更多的活性位点。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述金属-有机骨架的多孔纳米线的制备方法。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述金属-有机骨架的多孔纳米线的应用。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案来实现:
一种金属-有机骨架的多孔纳米线的制备方法,包括以下具体步骤:
S1.将ZrCl4或FeCl3·6H2O加入对苯二甲酸(H2BDC)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中超声溶解,制得金属-有机骨架的前驱液,即为UiO-66的前驱液或MIL-101(Fe)的前驱液;
S2.将多元醇加入到金属-有机骨架的前驱液中搅拌,制得混合液;
S3.将所得混合液在100~150℃溶剂热反应,冷却后离心分离,所得产物用DMF和甲醇洗涤,在60~180℃真空干燥,制得金属-有机骨架的多孔纳米线。
优选地,步骤S1中所述的ZrCl4、H2BDC和DMF的摩尔比为1:(2~10):(200~2000)。
优选地,步骤S1中所述的FeCl3·6H2O、H2BDC和DMF的摩尔比为1:(0.2~1):(200~2000)。
优选地,步骤S2中所述的多元醇为乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇或1,4-丁二醇。
优选地,步骤S2中所述的多元醇和金属-有机骨架的前驱液中的Zr4+/Fe3+的摩尔比为1:(2~50)。
优选地,步骤S2中所述的搅拌的时间为10~300min。
优选地,步骤S3中所述的溶剂热反应的时间为12~76h;所述的干燥的时间为2~24h。
一种金属-有机骨架的多孔纳米线是由所述方法制备得到。
优选地,所述的金属-有机骨架的多孔纳米线的长度为500~1500nm,粒径为20~100nm。
所述的金属-有机骨架的多孔纳米线在光催化或电催化领域中的应用。
本发明利用多元醇作为金属-有机骨架生长调节剂,在金属-有机骨架材料前驱液中加入多元醇,其-OH键和DMF中含氧的-C=O键竞争与前驱液中的金属离子发生配位,在金属-有机骨架合成的过程中,调节其往某一晶面方向生长,合成金属-有机骨架的多孔纳米线。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1.本发明通过多元醇的加入可以调控金属-有机骨架往特定晶面生长,所制得的金属-有机骨架的多孔纳米线能保持结构稳定,形貌较均一,其长度为500~1500nm,粒径为20~100nm。
2.本发明中所使用的调节剂为多元醇,其毒性小,价格便宜,易得,且材料合成方法操作简便,条件温和。
3.本发明可较好地诱导晶面生长,调控纳米线形貌。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中制得的UiO-66的多孔纳米线的XRD图。
图2为实施例1中制得的UiO-66的多孔纳米线的TEM照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进一步说明本发明的内容,但不应理解为对本发明的限制。若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。
实施例1
1.将233mg的ZrCl4和166.3mg的对苯二甲酸溶于80mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中超声30min,制得UiO-66的前驱液。
2.将5.4mL的乙二醇(乙二醇和锆离子的摩尔比为1:5)加入到前驱液中,搅拌60min,制得混合液。
3.混合液置于150℃反应加热24h,冷却后离心,分别用DMF和甲醇洗涤,在120℃下真空干燥12h,制得UiO-66金属-有机骨架的多孔纳米线,其长度为1000~1500nm,粒径为50~100nm。
图1为实施例1中制得的UiO-66的多孔纳米线的XRD图。其中,(a)为原UiO-66材料(多元醇和锆离子的摩尔比为0),(b)为UiO-66的多孔纳米线。从图1中可以看出,通过添加多元醇,UiO-66的主要晶面从111往200和220晶面转化。说明多元醇的加入可以调控金属-有机骨架往特定晶面生长。图2为实施例1中制得的UiO-66多孔纳米线的TEM照片。从图2中可知,该方法合成的金属-有机骨架纳米线能保持结构稳定,形貌较均一。
实施例2
1.将233.0mg的ZrCl4和166.3mg的对苯二甲酸溶于80mL的DMF中超声30min,制得UiO-66的前驱液。
2.将2.7ml乙二醇(1,2-丙二醇和锆离子的摩尔比为1:10)加入到UiO-66的前驱液中搅拌30min,制得混合液。
3.混合液置于150℃加热24h,冷却后离心,分别用DMF和甲醇洗涤,在120℃下真空干燥12h,制得UiO-66金属-有机骨架的多孔纳米线,其长度为600~900nm,粒径为20~50nm。
实施例3
1.将675mg的FeCl3·6H2O和166.3mg的对苯二甲酸溶于30mL的DMF中超声30min,制得MIL-101(Fe)前驱液。
2.将4.4mL的1,4-丁二醇(1,4-丁二醇和铁离子的摩尔比为1:10)加入到MIL-101(Fe)前驱液中,搅拌30min,制得混合液。
3.混合液置于110℃加热24h,冷却后离心,分别用DMF和甲醇洗涤,在120℃下真空干燥12h,制得MIL-101(Fe)金属-有机骨架的多孔纳米线,其长度为700~1000nm,粒径为20~70nm。
实施例4
1.将2.162g FeCl3·6H2O和0.6645g对苯二甲酸溶于50mL的DMF中,超声30min,制得MIL-101(Fe)的前驱液。
2.将6.2mL 1,2-丙二醇(1,2-丙二醇和铁离子的摩尔比为1:20)加入到MIL-101(Fe)前驱液中搅拌180min,制得混合液。
3.混合液置于110℃加热24h,冷却后离心,分别用DMF和甲醇洗涤,在100℃下真空干燥24h,制得MIL-101(Fe)金属-有机骨架的多孔纳米线,其长度500~900nm,粒径为30~60nm。
实施例5
1.将233.0mg ZrCl4和166.3mg对苯二甲酸溶于80mL的DMF中,超声30min,制得UiO-66前驱液。
2.将1.1ml 1,4-丁二醇(1,4-丁二醇和锆离子的摩尔比为1:30)加入到UiO-66前驱液中搅拌10min,制得混合液。
3.混合液置于150℃加热24h,冷却后离心,分别用DMF和甲醇洗涤,在120℃下真空干燥12h,制得UiO-66金属-有机骨架的多孔纳米线,其长度为500~900nm,粒径为30~60nm。
本发明通过加入多元醇可以调控金属-有机骨架往特定晶面生长,所制得的金属-有机骨架的多孔纳米线保持结构稳定,形貌较均一,其长度为500~1500nm,粒径为20~100nm。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合和简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种金属-有机骨架的多孔纳米线的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下具体步骤:
S1. 将FeCl3·6H2O加入对苯二甲酸和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中超声溶解,制得金属-有机骨架的前驱液,即为MIL-101(Fe)的前驱液;所述的FeCl3·6H2O、对苯二甲酸和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的摩尔比为1:(0.2~1):(200~2000);
S2. 将多元醇加入到金属-有机骨架的前驱液中搅拌10~300min,制得混合液;所述的多元醇为乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇或1,4-丁二醇中的一种以上;所述的多元醇和金属-有机骨架的前驱液中Fe3+的摩尔比为1 : (2~50);
S3. 将所得混合液在100~150℃溶剂热反应12~76h,冷却后离心分离,所得产物用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和甲醇洗涤,在60~180℃真空干燥2~24 h,制得金属-有机骨架的多孔纳米线;所述的金属-有机骨架的多孔纳米线的长度为500~1500nm,粒径为20~100nm。
2.一种金属-有机骨架的多孔纳米线,其特征在于,所述多孔纳米线是由权利要求1所述方法制备得到。
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