CN112919980A - Sustained-release nutritional insect-expelling granules and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Sustained-release nutritional insect-expelling granules and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a sustained-release nutritional insect-expelling granule and a preparation method thereof, which integrates green manure nutrients, special insect-expelling active ingredients of camphor tree branches and leaves and glutinous corn viscosity, and is added with certain lactic acid bacteria, and agricultural organic matters can provide nutrients such as carbohydrates and the like for the fermentation of the lactic acid bacteria. In order to provide effective quick-acting nutrients, certain chemical components are added. In addition, selenium-enriched yeast and vitamin complex are added to activate selenium contained in the raw materials for the growth and absorption of crops. Therefore, the requirement of the crops on soil nutrients in the whole growth process can be met, and the yield and the quality of the crops are improved. Can also repel certain pests and prevent the breeding of germs, etc. The preparation process of the invention has simple and easily obtained materials, improves the growth of root systems and stems and leaves of crops after the crops are planted, and increases the yield and quality. Is particularly suitable for industrial vegetable cultivation, and can be used as a fertilizer to be applied together with other fertilizers in field crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the fields of agricultural planting, fertilizer production, horticultural cultivation, waste resource utilization and the like, and particularly relates to a slow-release nutritional insect-expelling granule and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Agriculture is the basis of social and economic development, and the agricultural safety is related to the national safety and stability. Due to the difference of soil fertility and other factors, more nutrients need to be applied in the growth process of crops. Nutrients required for crop growth are typically provided by application of fertilizers. And the fertilizer source is increased through planting the green manure, and once tender stems and leaves of various green manures are decomposed in soil, organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and various trace elements in the soil can be greatly increased. Every thousand kilograms of fresh green manure grass can generally provide 6.3 kilograms of nitrogen, 1.3 kilograms of phosphorus and 5 kilograms of potassium, which are equivalent to 13.7 kilograms of urea, 6 kilograms of calcium superphosphate and 10 kilograms of potassium sulfate. But the reasonable application is necessary to fully play the yield increasing role of the green manure. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in the green manure need to be converted into a form which can be utilized by crops through microbial decay. However, the nutrients released by the green manure cannot be well absorbed and utilized by crops due to the slow decomposition of the green manure after being applied to the soil.
The occurrence of diseases and insect pests of crops often causes great loss to agricultural production. The chemical pesticide can cause environmental pollution, pesticide residue, drug resistance of diseases and pests, toxicity to non-target organisms and the like in the using process. Compared with chemical pesticides, natural biological pesticides have the advantages of low toxicity, strong selectivity, less residue, good environmental compatibility and abundant resources. The research on the plant source pesticide is not only beneficial to the development and utilization of plant resources, but also has specific targeting property and natural degradability, no residue, no heavy metal, environmental friendliness or environmental compatibility. Therefore, extraction, separation and purification from wild plants to antibacterial and anthelmintic compounds are one of the important approaches for developing and developing novel biopesticides. The camphor trees are evergreen trees and are widely distributed. The branches and leaves of the camphor trees have fragrance, wherein the linalool, the safrole, the camphor, the borneol, the nerolidol, the isonerolidol, the citral, the geraniol and other compounds are the main components of the essential oil of the branches and leaves of the camphor trees. The research shows that the crude extracts of stems, leaves, roots, fruits, seeds and other parts of the camphor trees have certain biological activity, mainly relate to the aspects of bacteriostasis, preservation, desinsection, antioxidation, antiphlogosis, cytotoxic activity and the like, and have wide development and utilization prospects. The results of experiments (2018) of Jiefushuang and the like show that the camphor tree branch and leaf extract has moderate antifeedant effect on cabbage caterpillars; has obvious inhibiting effect on rhizoctonia solani, rice blast and botrytis cinerea. The camphor tree branch and leaf extract or gas separation component has the advantages of low toxicity, easy degradation, no heavy metal, no organic phosphorus, difficult residue and the like, so the camphor tree branch and leaf extract or gas separation component has great potential for developing novel biological pesticides. Although there are many studies on the biopesticides of camphor trees, it is still in the laboratory. The research on the components of camphor trees is from the laboratory to the industry, and the development of innovative green biological pesticides to replace chemical pesticides is the key point of current scientific research. Because the camphor tree resources are extremely rich, the camphor tree has wide market prospect and scientific significance as a biological pesticide development resource.
In addition, the biomass which can be used in agriculture in large quantity, such as waxy corn, has waxy property, simple cultivation technology, short period, higher economic value, nutritive value and processing value, and can be used as livestock feed to improve the feeding efficiency when being eaten by human beings. Also has industrial application. Lactic acid bacteria are a general term for a group of bacteria that can produce large amounts of lactic acid using fermentable carbohydrates. The bacteria are widely distributed in nature and have abundant species diversity. Lactic acid bacteria are not only ideal materials for research classification, biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology and genetic engineering (theoretically having important academic values), but also have extremely high application values in important fields closely related to human life, such as industry, agriculture and animal husbandry, food and medicine. Also can be used in fermented products. The aquatic shell powder such as Concha Ostreae powder, shrimp shell powder, Lobster shell powder, Eriocheir sinensis shell powder, etc. has rich application substances. For example, oyster shell powder is powder ground by oyster shell, contains abundant proteins, lipids, zinc element, active calcium powder and the like, has certain effects on diseases such as dizziness, tinnitus, stomachache, pantothenic acid, spontaneous perspiration, night sweat and the like, can promote blood circulation, improve the problems of low blood pressure and the like, and also has certain cancer prevention effect. The powdery substance has water solubility. The crab shell can be used for extracting industrial raw material chitin, the chitin is used for purifying water and waste water, and the chitin is used as a food additive to be applied to medicines to play a role in thickening and stabilize the states of the foods and the medicines. Chitin can also be used as dye, fabric, and adhesive. Chitin is also used for the size and strength of the processed paper.
The agricultural resources have utilization values in different fields, but the comprehensive utilization of the agricultural resources is not reported yet. There is almost no development of novel substances having both sustained release of nutrients and insect repellent properties. How to utilize the existing agricultural biological resources to achieve efficient resource utilization is the focus of current research.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art, and provides the sustained-release nutritional insect-expelling granules and the preparation method thereof, so that agricultural and forestry wastes are changed into valuables, the economic value is created, the operation cost is reduced, the crop diseases and insect pests are prevented and controlled, and the growth, the yield and the quality of crops are improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of sustained-release nutritional insect-expelling granules,
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the following components were prepared separately:
mixture A: respectively cutting fresh green manure and camphor tree branches and leaves into sections, mixing, adding water for pulping, and then filtering to obtain a mixture A and a filtrate a;
mixture a provides organic material for fermentation and the insect repellent properties characteristic of camphor tree leaves.
Paste B: boiling the waxy corn grains in water to be pasty to obtain a sticky paste B;
the slimy paste B provides organic material for fermentation and also viscosity for later granule preparation, as well as a better C source for fermentation.
Camphor tree extract C: crushing dried camphor tree branches and leaves, extracting with a methanol water solution, and concentrating an extracting solution under reduced pressure to obtain an extract a; adding water into the extract a to prepare a suspension, extracting by using ethyl acetate, and concentrating the extraction product under reduced pressure to obtain an extract so as to obtain an ethyl acetate phase crude extract; meanwhile, mixing camphor tree fruits with water, pulping the mixture into a slurry, and filtering the slurry to obtain a fruit crude extract and a filtrate b; then mixing the ethyl acetate phase crude extract with the fruit crude extract to obtain a camphor tree extract C;
the camphor tree extract C provides organic material for fermentation and fermentation of the following lactic acid bacteria, yeast into other materials.
(2) Preparing an organic matter D:
cutting the threshed waxy corn cobs, mixing the cut waxy corn cobs with the mixture A and the sticky paste B obtained in the step (1), boiling the mixture in water, preserving the temperature, standing the mixture, taking the mixture out, filtering and cooling the mixture to obtain an organic matter D;
the waxy corn cobs are chopped to provide crude fiber which becomes a new organic fermentation feedstock upon poaching with other materials and further increases the porosity of the binding material.
(3) Preparation of a fermentation product E:
adding a lactobacillus tablet into the organic matter D obtained in the step (2), uniformly stirring, adding water, and performing film-covering fermentation to obtain a fermentation product E;
by using lactic acid bacteria for fermentation, the slime B in the organic matter D is a better energy source for lactic acid bacteria propagation.
(4) Preparation of the multi-nutrient F:
adding calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, diammonium phosphate, selenium-enriched yeast and vitamin B complex into the fermentation product E obtained in the step (3), adding water, stirring uniformly, and performing water bath to obtain a multi-element nutrient F;
the newly added compounds are all used for providing better nutrient components, especially some medium trace elements (calcium, magnesium, selenium and the like). And quick-acting N, K nutrients. The selenium-enriched yeast is used for activating selenium contained in all organic substances and can further assist the late-stage propagation and fermentation of lactic acid bacteria. In addition, vitamin B is also beneficial to the growth of other microorganisms in the fermentation process.
(5) Preparing insect-repellent particles:
adding shell powder into the multi-element nutrient F obtained in the step (4), then adding the lactobacillus tablets, the camphor tree extract C, the filtrate a and the filtrate b, stirring into paste, adjusting the water content after water bath and cooling, and finally granulating to obtain the compound feed.
Before the step, the fertilizer can quickly enter the soil environment after being added into the soil, and is supplied to crops for absorption and utilization in the early stage. The shell powder is then added to provide calcium for the next crop at a later stage and after harvesting. The lactic acid bacteria tablet and the camphor tree extract C are added again to supplement the insect expelling characteristic consumed in the early fermentation, and in addition, substances contained in the filtrate a and the filtrate b can expel and sterilize to a certain extent, so that the full utilization of raw materials is ensured, and the sustained nutrient release and insect expelling effects of the particles are improved.
Specifically, in the step (1), the green manure is any one or a composition of more than two of ryegrass, astragalus sinicus and safflower; the weight ratio of the branches and the leaves in the camphor tree branches and leaves is 1: 3; mixing the green manure and the branches and leaves of the camphor trees according to the weight ratio of 10:1, adding 3 times of water by volume, and then beating into pulp in a beater.
Specifically, in the step (1), the waxy corn kernels and water are boiled in a pressure cooker for about 1-2 hours according to the weight ratio of 1:3, and then are kept warm for 24-36 hours.
Specifically, in the step (1), crushing branches and leaves of the dried camphor trees, and performing ultrasonic-assisted extraction for three times at normal temperature by using 70% methanol aqueous solution, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1 g; 5ml of the extract is mixed for 4 hours each time, and the extract a is obtained after decompression and concentration; adding water into the extract a to prepare suspension, placing the suspension in an extractor with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1g to 5ml, adding ethyl acetate with the volume same as that of water, stirring, standing for 1h, layering, repeatedly extracting the water phase for three times, combining ethyl acetate phases, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain an ethyl acetate phase crude extract; mixing the ethyl acetate phase crude extract and the fruit crude extract according to the ratio of (5-10) to (1) to obtain the camphor tree extract C.
Specifically, in the step (2), the weight ratio of the waxy corn cobs to the mixture A to the sticky paste B to the water is 1:3:1: 5; uniformly stirring, boiling under high pressure for 1-2 h, then preserving heat at 60 ℃ for 24h, taking out, filtering and cooling to obtain an organic matter D.
Specifically, in the step (3), the lactobacillus tablets are commercially available Jiangzhong tablet, the content of the lactobacillin in each tablet is not less than 0.4 g, and the auxiliary materials are sucrose, aspartame, essence and magnesium stearate; adding 50g of lactobacillus tablets into 1kg of the organic matter D, uniformly stirring, adding a small amount of water, and covering a black film at the external temperature of 35 ℃ for fermentation; when the central temperature of the fermentation pile is higher than 50 ℃, uncovering the film, spraying a certain amount of water while turning the pile, and then continuously covering a black film for fermentation; fermenting for 2-3 times according to the above method to obtain fermented product E.
Specifically, in the step (4), 2g of calcium chloride, 2g of magnesium chloride, 5g of potassium chloride, 5g of diammonium phosphate, 1g of selenium-enriched yeast and 3g of vitamin B complex are added into every 100g of the fermentation product E, uniformly mixed, added with certain water, stirred and then subjected to water bath at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 1-2 hours to prepare the multi-element nutrient F.
Specifically, in the step (5), the shell powder is one or two of oyster shell, lobster shell and crab shell which are ground to obtain powder;
adding 200g of shell powder into each 1kg of the multi-element nutrient F, then adding 10g of lactobacillus tablets and 100g of camphor tree extract C, uniformly mixing, adding the filtrate a and the filtrate b according to the weight-volume ratio of 5:1:1, stirring into paste, carrying out water bath for 0.5-1 h at 45 ℃, cooling, adjusting the water content to 30-40%, and preparing into the slow-release nutritional insect-expelling granules with the diameter of 2-5 mm.
Further, the sustained-release nutritional insect repellent granules prepared by the preparation method are also in the protection scope of the invention.
Further onThe total nutrient content of the slow-release nutritional insect expelling granules prepared by the invention is N + P2O5+K2More than or equal to 50 percent of O, more than or equal to 25 percent of organic matter, more than or equal to 10 percent of trace elements, more than or equal to 2 percent of amino acid, more than or equal to 25 hundred million/g of effective active bacteria, and the time for completely releasing the nitrogen nutrient is at least 110 days. Specifically, the release rate of nutrients (i.e., the conversion of the chemical form of the fertilizer to the useful form available to plants) at 25 ℃ over 24 hours is about 5% to 20%; the nutrient release rate within 20 days is 40-50%; the nutrient release rate within 30d is 55-70%; the nutrient release rate within 40 days is 70-80%; the nutrient release rate is about 80-90% m after 60 days.
The preservation and use method of the slow-release nutritional insect-expelling granules comprises the following steps:
must be kept in a vacuum bag or flask for maximum nutrient supply. It is recommended to use 10g/kg of soil or 15g/kg of substrate. If the glass is inevitably required to be placed in a dark environment with the air humidity of 60-75% and the temperature of less than 15 ℃, the time does not exceed 24 h.
Has the advantages that:
the invention integrates the green manure nutrients, the special insect-repellent active ingredients of the camphor tree branches and leaves, the viscosity of waxy corn and certain lactic acid bacteria, and the agricultural organic matter can provide nutrients such as carbohydrate and the like for the fermentation of the lactic acid bacteria. In order to make the invention possess effective quick-acting nutrients, a certain chemical component is added. In addition, selenium-enriched yeast and vitamin complex are added to activate selenium contained in the raw materials for the growth and absorption of crops. Therefore, the invention can not only provide the demand of the whole growth process of the crops on the soil nutrients, but also improve the yield and the quality of the crops. Can also repel certain pests and prevent the breeding of germs, etc. The preparation process has the advantages of simple and easily-obtained materials, simple and practical preparation process, creation of economic value, reduction of operation cost and improvement of resource utilization of agricultural wastes. After the crops are planted, the growth of root systems, stems and leaves of the crops is improved, and the yield and the quality are increased. The planting soil is particularly suitable for industrial vegetable cultivation, and can be used as a fertilizer to be applied together with other fertilizers in field crops.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples.
The slow-release nutritional insect-expelling granules adopted in the experiment are specifically prepared by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of several Components
(1) Mixture A
Firstly, fresh milk vetch and camphor tree branches and leaves are respectively cut into 5 cm sections, wherein the weight ratio of the branches, the leaves, the branches and the stems of the camphor tree branches and leaves to the leaves is 1: 3. After mixing at a weight ratio of 10:1, 3 times the volume of water was added to the mixture, slurried in a beater and filtered to form mixture a and filtrate a.
(2) Sticky paste B
The fresh waxy corn kernels were cooked with water in a weight ratio (1:3) in an autoclave for about 1 hour. Then the mixture is kept warm and placed for 36h until paste B is formed.
(3) Preparation of Cinnamomum camphora extract C
Pulverizing dry branches and leaves of Cinnamomum camphora, ultrasonic extracting with 70% methanol at room temperature for three times at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1g to 5ml, each time for 4 hr, mixing extractive solutions, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain extract a. Adding water into the camphor tree extract to prepare suspension, and placing the suspension into an extractor, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1g to 5 ml. Then adding ethyl acetate with the same volume as that of water, stirring, standing for 1h, layering, repeatedly extracting the water phase for three times, combining the ethyl acetate phases, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain an extract to obtain an ethyl acetate phase crude extract. Adding certain amount of water into camphor tree fruits, pulping, and filtering to obtain crude extract and filtrate b. Then, the ethyl acetate phase crude extract and the fruit crude extract are mixed into the camphor tree extract C according to the ratio of 8: 1.
Step two: preparation of organic matter D
Cutting the threshed waxy corn cobs into pieces, mixing and stirring the mixture A, the sticky paste B and water uniformly according to the weight ratio of (1:3:1:5), boiling the mixture for about 1 hour under high pressure, preserving the temperature at 60 ℃ for 24 hours, taking out the mixture, filtering and cooling the mixture to obtain an organic matter D.
Step three: preparation of fermentation E
Adding 1kg of organic matter D into 50g of Jiangzhong brand lactobacillus tablets, stirring uniformly, adding a small amount of water, and covering a black film at the external temperature of 35 ℃ for fermentation. And (3) uncovering the film when the reading is 50 ℃ by using the reading sent by a real-time thermometer embedded in the center of the fermentation pile, spraying a certain amount of water while turning the pile, and then continuously covering a black film for fermentation. Fermenting for 2-3 times according to the above method to obtain fermented product E.
Step four: multi-nutrient F preparation
Adding 5000g of the fermentation product E into 100g of calcium chloride, 100g of magnesium chloride, 250g of potassium chloride, 250g of diammonium phosphate, 50g of selenium-enriched yeast and 150g of vitamin B complex, uniformly mixing, adding a certain amount of water, stirring, and carrying out water bath at the temperature of 60 ℃ for about 1h to prepare the multi-element nutrient F.
Step five: preparation of sustained-release nutritional insect-expelling granules
Adding 200g of mixed shell powder of oyster shell, lobster shell and crab shell (1:1:1) into 1kg of the multi-element nutrient F, then adding 10g of Jiangzhong brand lactobacillus tablets and 100g of camphor tree extract C, and uniformly mixing. Finally adding the filtrate a and the filtrate b according to the weight-volume ratio of 5:1:1, stirring into paste, performing water bath for about 0.5h at 45 ℃, cooling, adjusting the water content to 30-40%, granulating to obtain the slow-release nutritional insect-expelling granules with the diameter of about 5mm, and storing in a vacuum bag or a vacuum bottle for later use.
The total nutrient content of the prepared sustained-release nutritional insect-expelling granules is N + P by determination2O5+K2More than or equal to 60 percent of O, more than or equal to 28 percent of organic matter, more than or equal to 12 percent of trace elements, more than or equal to 2.5 percent of amino acid and more than or equal to 23 hundred million/g of effective active bacteria.
Weighing 10.00g (standard to 0.01g) of fertilizer sample with complete particles, putting the fertilizer sample into a small bag made of nylon gauze with the aperture of 0.15mm (100 meshes), sealing the small bag, putting the sealed bag into a 250mL triangular flask containing 200mL of distilled water (the fertilizer: water is 20:1), sealing the sealed bag by using a sealing film, culturing the sealed bag in a thermostat at 25 ℃, and observing whether the fertilizer sample is completely dissolved every 10 days, wherein the sampling time is 24h, 3 rd, 30 th, 40 th and 60 th days (until the dissolution rate of accumulated nutrients reaches more than 80%).
During sampling, the mesh bag is shaken up and down in the solution for several times to enable the solution concentration on the surface of the fertilizer to be equal to the solution concentration, then the mesh bag and the fertilizer are taken out, and the leaching liquor is shaken up and then transferred into a 250mL volumetric flask for constant volume for the determination of nitrogen nutrients. And (3) washing the fertilizer and the mesh bag with 100mL of distilled water for 3 times, and washing the fertilizer solution adsorbed on the surface of the fertilizer and the mesh bag to be clean so as not to influence the concentration of the leaching liquor of the next time. After the moisture on the surface of the mesh bag is sucked dry by absorbent paper, the mesh bag is placed in another 250mL triangular flask which is preheated to the constant temperature at the specified temperature and is filled with 200mL of distilled water in advance, the mesh bag is placed in the constant temperature box again, and the operation is repeated after the next sampling until the experiment is finished. A water sample is obtained, a water quality analyzer (KC-300, manufactured by Kexin instruments, Inc. of Thai city) is used for measuring ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen and the like, and the N-containing nutrient release efficiency is calculated according to a standard HG-T4216-.
The release rate of the N-containing nutrient within 24 hours at 25 ℃ is about 10 percent; the nutrient release rate in 20d is 40%; the nutrient release rate within 30d is 60 percent; the nutrient release rate within 40d is 70 percent; the nutrient release rate is about 85% after 60 days. Based on observations, substantially complete release of the N-prime nutrient was observed at about 110 days.
The nutrient release characteristics of 5 different fertilizers [ J ] Zhejiang agricultural science, 2017,058(011) 1961-.
The use test is as follows:
purple cabbage, purple laver and tomato (limited growth) planting tests were carried out in glass greenhouse of Jinling science and technology institute in 2020. The slow-release nutritional insect-expelling granules prepared by the invention are respectively 10g/kg soil, 10g/kg soil and 15g/kg soil according to the application amount of crops, and the invention is not applied as a control. All treatments were performed with the corresponding conventional fertilizer application, and the water management was performed as normal. And (3) measuring the plant height, the nitrogen and selenium absorption, the yield and the soil quick-acting nitrogen of various crops in the harvest period, and investigating the insect prevention effect in the growth process. The results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
As can be seen from table 1: the purple cabbage, the purple laver and the tomato grow vigorously for about 40 days, and the slow-release nutritional insect-expelling granules provide enough soil nutrients after being used. Compared with a control group, the root length and the plant height of the purple cabbage, the purple laver and the tomato are obviously improved in the harvest period after the granules are used, and the yield is obviously increased by about 30.8 percent, 30.4 percent and 46.3 percent respectively. The reason is that after the granules are applied, the content of available nitrogen in soil at the early stage is higher, and more nutrients and trace elements which are beneficial to the growth of crops are released at the later stage, so that the plants are promoted to absorb more nitrogen and selenium.
As can be seen from Table 2, the experimental group using the slow-release nutritional insect-repellent granules of the present invention showed significant insect-repellent effects on Brassica oleracea, Brassica oleracea and tomatoes, and the other Brassica oleracea were almost free of cabbage caterpillar and no speckles except tomatoes having a small amount of whitefly. Tomatoes show less disease spots only about 30 days after transplantation, which may be a growing infection with other crops around. By removing diseased leaves, and isolating the surrounding crops, no more diseased spots are present. The amount of extended release vegetative insect repellent particles required by different crops and the type and nature of the soil tested also vary. The usage amount of the slow-release nutritional insect-expelling granules can be adjusted according to the basic physicochemical properties of soil when the tomatoes are planted, so that the effects of improving the utilization of fertilizers, increasing the absorption of nitrogen and selenium, promoting the growth and the yield of crops and the like are achieved.
TABLE 1 soil quick-acting nitrogen, plant growth and absorption of nitrogen and selenium
TABLE 2 investigation of diseases and pests and disease spots
In conclusion, the slow-release nutritional insect-expelling granules provided by the invention can improve the growth traits of leaf vegetables and solanum melongena fruits, increase the yield and have a certain promotion effect on the content of available nutrients in soil.
The present invention provides a method and a concept for a sustained-release nutritional insect-repellent granule and a method for preparing the same, and a plurality of methods and ways for implementing the technical scheme, and the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, a plurality of modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. All the components not specified in the present embodiment can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a sustained-release nutritional insect repellent granule, comprising the steps of:
(1) the following components were prepared separately:
mixture A: respectively cutting fresh green manure and camphor tree branches and leaves into sections, mixing, adding water for pulping, and then filtering to obtain a mixture A and a filtrate a;
paste B: boiling the waxy corn grains in water to be pasty to obtain a sticky paste B;
camphor tree extract C: crushing dried camphor tree branches and leaves, extracting with a methanol water solution, and concentrating an extracting solution under reduced pressure to obtain an extract a; adding water into the extract a to prepare a suspension, extracting by using ethyl acetate, and concentrating the extraction product under reduced pressure to obtain an extract so as to obtain an ethyl acetate phase crude extract; meanwhile, mixing camphor tree fruits with water, pulping the mixture into a slurry, and filtering the slurry to obtain a fruit crude extract and a filtrate b; then mixing the ethyl acetate phase crude extract with the fruit crude extract to obtain a camphor tree extract C;
(2) preparing an organic matter D:
cutting the threshed waxy corn cobs, mixing the cut waxy corn cobs with the mixture A and the sticky paste B obtained in the step (1), boiling the mixture in water, preserving the temperature, standing the mixture, taking the mixture out, filtering and cooling the mixture to obtain an organic matter D;
(3) preparation of a fermentation product E:
adding a lactobacillus tablet into the organic matter D obtained in the step (2), uniformly stirring, adding water, and performing film-covering fermentation to obtain a fermentation product E;
(4) preparation of the multi-nutrient F:
adding calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, diammonium phosphate, selenium-enriched yeast and vitamin B complex into the fermentation product E obtained in the step (3), adding water, stirring uniformly, and performing water bath to obtain a multi-element nutrient F;
(5) preparing insect-repellent particles:
adding shell powder into the multi-element nutrient F obtained in the step (4), then adding the lactobacillus tablets, the camphor tree extract C, the filtrate a and the filtrate b, stirring into paste, adjusting the water content after water bath and cooling, and finally granulating to obtain the compound feed.
2. The method for preparing sustained-release nutritional insect repellent granules according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the green manure is one or a combination of two or more of ryegrass, milk vetch and safflower; the weight ratio of the branches and the leaves in the camphor tree branches and leaves is 1: 3; mixing the green manure and the branches and leaves of the camphor trees according to the weight ratio of 10:1, adding 3 times of water by volume, and then beating into pulp in a beater.
3. The preparation method of the slow-release nutritional insect repellent granule according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the waxy corn kernels and water are boiled in a pressure cooker according to a weight ratio of 1:3 for about 1-2 h, and then are kept warm for 24-36 h.
4. The preparation method of the sustained-release nutritional insect-expelling granule according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the branches and leaves of the dried camphor trees are crushed and extracted three times with 70% methanol aqueous solution under ultrasonic assistance at normal temperature, and the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1 g; 5ml of the extract is mixed for 4 hours each time, and the extract a is obtained after decompression and concentration; adding water into the extract a to prepare suspension, placing the suspension in an extractor with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1g to 5ml, adding ethyl acetate with the volume same as that of water, stirring, standing for 1h, layering, repeatedly extracting the water phase for three times, combining ethyl acetate phases, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain an ethyl acetate phase crude extract; mixing the ethyl acetate phase crude extract and the fruit crude extract according to the ratio of (5-10) to (1) to obtain the camphor tree extract C.
5. The method for preparing a sustained-release nutritional insect repellent granule according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the weight ratio of the waxy corn cob, the mixture a, the mucilage B and the water is 1:3:1: 5; uniformly stirring, boiling under high pressure for 1-2 h, then preserving heat at 60 ℃ for 24h, taking out, filtering and cooling to obtain an organic matter D.
6. The method for preparing sustained-release nutritional insect-repellent granules according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the lactobacillus tablet is commercially available from Jiangzhong brand, and the content of lactobacillin in each tablet is not less than 0.4 g; adding 50g of lactobacillus tablets into 1kg of the organic matter D, uniformly stirring, adding a small amount of water, and covering a black film at the external temperature of 35 ℃ for fermentation; when the central temperature of the fermentation pile is higher than 50 ℃, uncovering the film, spraying a certain amount of water while turning the pile, and then continuously covering a black film for fermentation; fermenting for 2-3 times according to the above method to obtain fermented product E.
7. The preparation method of the slow-release nutritional insect-expelling granules according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), 2g of calcium chloride, 2g of magnesium chloride, 5g of potassium chloride, 5g of diammonium phosphate, 1g of selenium-enriched yeast and 3g of vitamin B complex are added to 100g of the fermentation product E, uniformly mixed, added with a certain amount of water, stirred, and then bathed in water at 60 ℃ for 1-2 hours to prepare the multi-nutrient F.
8. The method for preparing a sustained-release nutritional insect repellent granule according to claim 1, wherein in step (5), the shell powder is one or two of oyster shell, lobster shell and crab shell which are ground;
adding 200g of shell powder into each 1kg of the multi-element nutrient F, then adding 10g of lactobacillus tablets and 100g of camphor tree extract C, uniformly mixing, adding the filtrate a and the filtrate b according to the weight-volume ratio of 5:1:1, stirring into paste, carrying out water bath for 0.5-1 h at 45 ℃, cooling, adjusting the water content to 30-40%, and preparing into the slow-release nutritional insect-expelling granules with the diameter of 2-5 mm.
9. The sustained-release nutritional insect repellent granule prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The extended release vegetative insect repellent particle according to claim 9, having a total nutrient content of N + P2O5+K2More than or equal to 50 percent of O, more than or equal to 25 percent of organic matter, more than or equal to 10 percent of trace elements, more than or equal to 2 percent of amino acid, more than or equal to 25 hundred million/g of effective active bacteria, and the time for completely releasing the nitrogen nutrient is at least 110 days.
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