CN112874104A - 一种多功能防护面料及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种多功能防护面料及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- VPRUMANMDWQMNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylethane boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 VPRUMANMDWQMNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明属于医用防护面料领域,涉及一种多功能防护面料及其制备方法与应用。该面料采用无孔结构的功能层,同时具有防水、透湿量大、耐水压高、抗静电,且细菌、病毒和体液不能穿透等特点。同时,通过在功能层中引入抗菌助剂,能够实现主动消杀的功能,在医用防护领域提供高等级防护的同时,又具备优异的穿着舒适性和生化安全性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医用防护面料领域,尤其是一种多功能防护面料。
背景技术
公开该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解,而不必然被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已经成为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
现在医用防护面料应用广泛,高质量的医用防护材料则可以大大提高医护人员的防护安全性能,尤其是对于一些传染性极强的细菌、病毒,起到有效的防护作用,使危害降至最低。GB19082-2009《医用一次性防护服技术要求》要求临床使用的医用防护面料要求具备阻隔微生物、阻挡体液渗透、防止疾病传染等功能。
纵观目前所有的纤维织物,都很难达到标准要求的防水、阻隔液体性,因此不可避免的要对织物进行复合层压,或者进行涂层整理,以提高其阻隔微粒性能。
医用防护服的面料从所应用的材料大致可分为涂层材料、PU、TPU膜复合材料及PTFE微孔膜复合材料三种类型。涂层材料多采用湿法或干法聚氨酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚偏氟乙烯对织物进行涂层整理,然后将此面料用于制作防护服,此方法生产的防护面料透气性、舒适性较差;PTFE微孔膜复合材料,具有较高耐水压性能,同时微孔能畅通的排出汗蒸汽,透气量也可以实现1500g/(m2.24h),合适孔径尺寸的PTFE膜能够阻隔细菌病毒,但通常医用防护服等大多一次性的,此工艺相对成本较高。
发明内容
针对现有的防护面料所遇到的问题,本发明提供了一种新的多功能防护面料的制备方法。该面料采用功能化的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体薄膜或固化后的单组分聚氨酯胶黏剂为功能层,通过分子结构设计,使其具有良好的透湿效果,其本身为无孔结构,同时具有防水、透湿量大、耐水压高、抗静电,且细菌、病毒和体液不能穿透等特点。同时,通过在功能层中引入抗菌助剂,能够实现主动消杀的功能,在医用防护领域提供高等级防护的同时,又具备优异的穿着舒适性和生化安全性。另外本发明制备该防护面料工艺简单,成本相对较低。
为实现上述技术目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明的第一个方面,提供了一种多功能防护面料,所述面料为多层结构,包括:功能层、粘合层、保护层,所述功能层为全无孔结构,耐水压≥5000mm水柱,透湿量≥3000g/(m2.24h),表面电阻率≤1x1012Ω。
本发明利用PU、TPU膜复合材料为无孔结构,同时具有防水、透湿量大、耐水压高、抗静电,且细菌、病毒和体液不能穿透等特点;同时,通过在功能层中引入抗菌助剂,能够实现主动消杀的功能,在医用防护领域提供高等级防护的同时,又具备优异的穿着舒适性和生化安全性。
本发明的第二个方面,提供了一种多功能保护面料的制备方法,包括:
将热塑性聚氨酯弹性体,采用流延、压延或吹塑工艺加工后,得到热塑性聚氨酯弹性体薄膜,作为功能层;
将单组分聚氨酯胶黏剂b通过喷涂或辊涂的方式,均匀施胶到所述功能层表面,形成功能层-粘结层复合薄膜;
将功能层-粘结层复合薄膜与防护面料,加压复合,即得到多功能保护面料;
或,
将保护层面料通过喷淋或高湿度环境处理,使面料吸收适量的水分;
将单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂b通过辊涂或刮涂的工艺,在保护层面料表面进行底涂处理;
将单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂a通过辊涂或刮涂的方式,涂敷在底涂处理后的保护层面料的表面;
将涂敷后的面料冷却后,收卷,固化后,即得到防护面料。
本发明的第三个方面,提供了一种防护服,采用任一上述的多功能保护面料制作。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)本发明采用功能化的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体薄膜和固化后具有良好透湿效果的单组分聚氨酯胶黏剂作为功能层,其为全无孔结构,细菌、病毒和体液不能穿透,耐水压≥3000mm水柱,透湿量≥2000g/(m2.24h)
(2)本发明通过在功能层中引入抗菌助剂,能够实现主动消杀的功能,在医用防护领域提供高等级防护的同时,又具备优异的穿着舒适性和生化安全性
(3)本发明相对工艺简单,生产成本较其他工艺有明显降低。
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是示例性的,旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本发明使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本发明的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
一种多功能防护面料,其功能层为功能化的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体薄膜或固化后的无溶剂的单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂,通过连续辊涂或刮涂方式生产。
在一些实施例中,上述多功能防护面料,由以下步骤制备得到
A:将上述的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体,通过流延、压延或吹塑工艺加工后,得到厚度为0.005-0.2mm的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体薄膜;
B:将上述的单组分聚氨酯胶黏剂b通过喷涂或辊涂的方式,均匀施胶到A中的薄膜表面,施胶量为2-20g/m2,优选3-10g/m2;
C:将B中得到的表面涂胶的薄膜与防护面料加压复合,即得到多功能保护面料。
或者
D:将保护层面料通过喷淋或高湿度环境处理,使面料吸收适量的水分,面料含水量为0.5-5%,优选1-3%;
E:将单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂b通过辊涂或刮涂的工艺,在保护层面料表面进行底涂处理,涂胶量为2-20g/m2,其中优选辊涂工艺,涂胶量优选3-10g/m2;
F:将单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂a通过辊涂或刮涂的方式,涂敷在底涂处理后的保护层面料的表面,涂胶量为5-50g/m2,其中优选刮涂工艺,涂胶量优选8-30g/m2;
G:将涂敷好的面料冷却后,收卷,经72h常温固化后,即得到防护面料;
在一些实施例中,若单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂a和b为相同组分,上述E和F步骤通过熔融刮涂一步实现,刮涂量为10-50g/m2,优选15-40g/m2;
在一些实施例中,所述的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体中含有不少于15%质量份的聚乙二醇醚结构,优选不少于25%质量份,最优选不少于45%质量份;
在一些实施例中,所述的功能化的单组份反应型聚氨酯胶粘剂a含有不少于15%质量份的聚乙二醇醚结构,优选不少于25%质量份,更有选不少于40%质量份;
在一些实施例中,所述的功能化的单组份反应型聚氨酯胶粘剂a,结构中异氰酸根含量为0.5-6%,优选1-3%;
在一些实施例中,所述功能型面料的粘合层为单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂b;
在一些实施例中,所述单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂b为热塑性聚氨酯体弹性体胶粘剂或单组份反应型聚氨酯胶粘剂;其中,热塑性聚氨酯体弹性体胶粘剂其熔点为60-160℃,优选80-150℃;200℃下的熔融粘度为2000-20000mPa.s,优选2000-10000mPa.s;单组份反应型聚氨酯胶粘剂,成分与单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂a相同。
在一些实施例中,所述的多功能防护面料,通过在热塑性聚氨酯弹性体或单组分聚氨酯较粘剂a中添加0.05-3%,优选0.1-1%质量份的抗菌剂,可实现自消杀的功能,抗菌率≥90%,优选≥99%;
在一些实施例中,所述的抗菌剂包括但不限于金属离子抗菌剂、含氯抗菌剂、或其复合体系。其中金属离子抗菌剂优选银离子抗菌剂和锌离子抗菌剂;含氯抗菌剂优选异噻唑啉酮及其衍生物、金属氯化盐如CaCl2、KCl等;
本申请中对防护面料/保护层面料的具体类型并不作特殊的限定,在一些实施例中,防护面料/保护层面料可以采用涤纶,氨纶,无纺布等。
下面结合具体的实施例,对本发明做进一步的详细说明,应该指出,所述具体实施例是对本发明的解释而不是限定。
以下实施例中,抗氧剂1010购自宜兴市天使合成化学公司;银离子抗菌剂为购自晋大纳米科技有限公司的GDJKP-02,有机抗菌剂为购自Troy公司的5DIDP;
实施例1
热塑性聚氨酯弹性体为美瑞市售的M180(聚乙二醇醚的质量比为55%,补加0.6%的银离子抗菌剂GDJKP-02)
单组分聚氨酯胶黏剂b为美瑞市售H680,热塑性聚氨酯弹性体胶粘剂,熔点为120℃,粘度为10000cps(200℃)
具体多功能面料的制备工艺流程如下:
A:将热塑性聚氨酯弹性体M180,通过流延工艺加工后,得到厚度为0.05mm的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体薄膜;
B:将热塑性聚氨酯弹性体胶粘剂H680通过辊涂的方式,均匀施胶到A中的薄膜表面,施胶量为5g/m2;
C:将B中得到的表面涂胶的薄膜与防护面料(涤纶)加压复合,即得到多功能保护面料。
实施例2
热塑性聚氨酯弹性体为美瑞市售的M180(聚乙二醇醚的质量比为55%,补加0.6%的有机抗菌剂5DIDP)
单组分聚氨酯胶黏剂b为反应性聚氨酯胶粘剂,制备方法如下:将80份多元醇(聚乙二醇醚,分子量2000)、30ppm磷酸、0.1份的抗氧剂1010加入反应釜中,于130℃条件下熔融混合搅拌,抽真空脱水,真空度为-0.09MPa,抽真空时间为2h;
物料冷却降温至80℃,然后加入20份二苯基甲烷4,4二异氰酸酯MDI,搅拌均匀,抽真空负压反应,真空度为-0.09MPa,反应时间为1h,出料,即得反应性聚氨酯胶黏剂。
具体多功能面料的制备工艺流程如下:
A:将热塑性聚氨酯弹性体M180,通过流延工艺加工后,得到厚度为0.05mm的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体薄膜;
B:将反应性聚氨酯胶粘剂(单组分聚氨酯胶黏剂b)通过辊涂的方式,均匀施胶到A中的薄膜表面,施胶量为3g/m2;
C:将B中得到的表面涂胶的薄膜与防护面料(氨纶)加压复合,即得到多功能保护面料。
实施例3
单组分聚氨酯胶黏剂a的制备:将80份多元醇(聚乙二醇醚,分子量1000)、30ppm磷酸、0.1份的抗氧剂1010、0.6份的银离子抗菌剂GDJKP-02,加入反应釜中,于130℃条件下熔融混合搅拌,抽真空脱水,真空度为-0.09MPa,抽真空时间为2h;
物料冷却降温至80℃,然后加入40份二苯基甲烷4,4二异氰酸酯MDI,搅拌均匀,抽真空负压反应,真空度为-0.09MPa,反应时间为1h,出料,即得单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂a。
单组分聚氨酯胶黏剂b的制备:将80份多元醇(PEBA,分子量2000)、30ppm磷酸、0.1份的抗氧剂1010加入反应釜中,于130℃条件下熔融混合搅拌,抽真空脱水,真空度为-0.09MPa,抽真空时间为2h;
物料冷却降温至80℃,然后加入20份二苯基甲烷4,4二异氰酸酯MDI,搅拌均匀,抽真空负压反应,真空度为-0.09MPa,反应时间为1h,出料,即得单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂b。
具体多功能面料的制备工艺流程如下:
A:将保护层面料(涤纶)通过喷淋或高湿度环境处理,使面料吸收适量的水分,面料含水量为1%;
B:将单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂b通过刮涂的工艺,在保护层面料表面进行底涂处理,涂胶量为10g/m2;
C:将单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂a通过刮涂的方式,涂敷在底涂处理后的保护层面料的表面,涂胶量为10g/m2;
D:将涂敷后的面料冷却后,收卷,经72h常温固化后,即得到防护面料;实施例4
单组分聚氨酯胶黏剂a的制备:将80份多元醇(聚乙二醇醚,分子量2000)、30ppm磷酸、0.1份的抗氧剂1010、0.6份的有机抗菌剂5DIDP,加入反应釜中,于130℃条件下熔融混合搅拌,抽真空脱水,真空度为-0.09MPa,抽真空时间为2h;
物料冷却降温至80℃,然后加入20份二苯基甲烷4,4二异氰酸酯MDI,搅拌均匀,抽真空负压反应,真空度为-0.09MPa,反应时间为1h,出料,即得湿气固化聚氨酯热熔胶。
单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂b与单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂a成分相同。
具体多功能面料的制备工艺流程如下:
A:将保护层面料(氨纶)通过喷淋或高湿度环境处理,使面料吸收适量的水分,面料含水量为1%;
B:将单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂a通过刮涂的工艺,在保护层面料的表面进行刮涂处理,涂胶量为20g/m2;
C:将涂敷后的面料冷却后,收卷,经72h常温固化后,即得到防护面料;
表1实施例1-4制备的多功能防护面料性能测试结果
标准 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | |
耐水压 | JIS L 1092A | 8000 | 8000 | 6500 | 6500 |
透湿率 | ASTM E96BW | 5000 | 5000 | 5500 | 6000 |
表面电阻率 | ASTMD257 | 5×10<sup>11</sup> | 5×10<sup>11</sup> | 2×10<sup>11</sup> | 2×10<sup>11</sup> |
抗菌率 | GB/T31402 | >90% | >90% | >90% | >90% |
最后应该说明的是,以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。上述虽然对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述,但并非对本发明保护范围的限制,所属领域技术人员应该明白,在本发明的技术方案的基础上,本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。
Claims (10)
1.一种多功能防护面料,其特征在于,所述面料为多层结构,包括:功能层、粘合层、保护层,所述功能层为全无孔结构,耐水压≥5000mm水柱,透湿量≥3000g/(m2.24h),表面电阻率≤1x1012Ω。
2.如权利要求1所述的多功能防护面料,其特征在于,所述功能层为功能化的热塑性聚氨酯弹性薄膜或固化后的无溶剂的单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂a层。
3.如权利要求2所述的多功能防护面料,其特征在于,所述功能化热塑性聚氨酯弹性体薄膜由热塑性聚氨酯弹性体采用流延、压延或吹塑工艺加工而成,其中,所述热塑性聚氨酯弹性体中含有不少于15%质量份的聚乙二醇醚结构,优选不少于25%质量份,最优选不少于45%质量份。
4.如权利要求2所述的多功能防护面料,其特征在于,所述单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂a中含有不少于15%质量份的聚乙二醇醚结构,优选不少于25%质量份,更有选不少于40%质量份。
5.如权利要求2所述的多功能防护面料,其特征在于,所述单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂a中异氰酸根含量为0.5-6%,优选1-3%。
6.如权利要求1所述的多功能防护面料,其特征在于,所述粘合层为单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂b固化而成,所述单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂b为热塑性聚氨酯体弹性体胶粘剂或单组份反应型聚氨酯胶粘剂;其中,热塑性聚氨酯体弹性体胶粘剂其熔点为60-160℃,优选80-150℃;200℃下的熔融粘度为2000-20000mPa.s,优选2000-10000mPa.s;优选的,单组份反应型聚氨酯胶粘剂,成分与单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂a相同。
7.如权利要求3所述的多功能防护面料,其特征在于,热塑性聚氨酯弹性体或单组分聚氨酯较粘剂a中添加0.05-3%,优选0.1-1%质量份的抗菌剂。
8.如权利要求7所述的多功能防护面料,其特征在于,所述抗菌剂包括但不限于金属离子抗菌剂、含氯抗菌剂、或其复合体系;其中金属离子抗菌剂优选银离子抗菌剂和锌离子抗菌剂;含氯抗菌剂优选异噻唑啉酮及其衍生物、金属氯化盐如CaCl2、KCl。
9.一种多功能保护面料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
将热塑性聚氨酯弹性体,采用流延、压延或吹塑工艺加工后,得到热塑性聚氨酯弹性体薄膜,作为功能层;
将单组分聚氨酯胶黏剂b通过喷涂或辊涂的方式,均匀施胶到所述功能层表面,形成功能层-粘结层复合薄膜;
将功能层-粘结层复合薄膜与防护面料,加压复合,即得到多功能保护面料;
或,
将保护层面料通过喷淋或高湿度环境处理,使面料吸收适量的水分;
将单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂b通过辊涂或刮涂的工艺,在保护层面料表面进行底涂处理;
将单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂a通过辊涂或刮涂的方式,涂敷在底涂处理后的保护层面料的表面;
将涂敷后的面料冷却后,收卷,固化后,即得到防护面料。
10.一种防护服,其特征在于,采用权利要求1-8任一项所述的多功能保护面料制作。
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