CN1128712C - 由多层虹彩薄膜制备的用于漆和涂料中的薄片 - Google Patents

由多层虹彩薄膜制备的用于漆和涂料中的薄片 Download PDF

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CN1128712C
CN1128712C CN99808471A CN99808471A CN1128712C CN 1128712 C CN1128712 C CN 1128712C CN 99808471 A CN99808471 A CN 99808471A CN 99808471 A CN99808471 A CN 99808471A CN 1128712 C CN1128712 C CN 1128712C
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R·谢帝
S·I·阿伦
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Abstract

虹彩层压膜的粉碎颗粒，通过在将薄膜加工为颗粒形式前将其支撑于可剥离的基材上制备。

Description

由多层虹彩薄膜制备的用于漆和涂料中的薄片
本发明背景
本发明涉及由多层虹彩薄膜制备的用于漆和涂料中的薄片。
具有不同折光指数的两种聚合物交替层的多层塑料薄膜，当其各层具有合适的光学厚度时，可出现虹彩。虹彩色通过光干涉现象产生。一对交替聚合物构成光学芯。通常整体最外层或表皮层比光学芯中的层厚。这种较厚的表皮可由光学芯层中的一种组分构成，或可为不同的聚合物，用该聚合物赋予薄膜所需的永久物理、机械和其它性能。该多层结构通常通过共挤出方法生产，这些薄膜描述于Cooper、Shetty和Pinsky的专利No.Re 31,780以及Shetty和Cooper的专利No.5,089,318和专利No.5,451,449中，这些专利这里作为参考引入。
已知的层压虹彩薄膜被用于制备薄片，这些薄片可在各种应用中用于产生“闪光”，但由于受到用已知虹彩薄膜制得的颗粒厚度和尺寸限制，因此尚未用于涂料组合物，如汽车清漆-底漆体系中。这种尺寸限制是由于生产薄片受到竞争要求这样的事实所至。要求虹彩薄膜是脆性的，这样它们可被切割为薄片，但与此同时，它们要求足够的物理性能，以便可在制备薄片的生产机械上操作。
实际上，虹彩层压膜薄片通过用精确切割机切割薄膜制备。用于精确切割虹彩层压膜的机器为卷筒式给料并仅可采用比5.5英寸(约14cm)窄的宽度。因此，虹彩层压薄膜必须具有足够的物理性能，使其能够在共挤出装置上制成宽卷材，然后纵切为较窄的卷材(5.5英寸或更窄)并重绕。随后将这些窄辊退卷并加入切割机中。为满足竞争要求，已发现用于制备薄片的薄膜必须具有最小厚度1密耳(25.4μm)，制备的薄片的最短边尺寸必须为约4密耳(101μm)或更大。
据信可由厚度低于1密耳(25.4μm)的薄膜通过碾磨或研磨操作生产小于4密耳(101μm)的颗粒，但发现目前生产的层压薄膜产品不具有用于碾磨或研磨的足够脆性。不幸的是，具有足以用于碾磨或研磨的脆性的那些薄膜配料不能被共挤出，原因在于该层压薄膜在卷材操作和卷绕工艺期间在某些点破裂。
因此，仍然需要能够降低尺寸的虹彩层压薄膜和实现该尺寸降低的方法。本发明在于满足这种需要。
本发明概述
本发明涉及虹彩层压薄膜的粉碎颗粒和其生产方法。本发明更特别涉及通过将该层压膜暂时支撑于可剥离的基材上，然后除去支撑物并将该层压薄膜粉碎生产的颗粒。
通过本发明，可由具有厚度低于1密耳(25.4μm)，优选约0.25-0.75密耳的层压膜生产薄片，对于制备的薄片具有最长边尺寸低于约4密耳(101μm)，优选约0.2-3.8密耳。在使用球模型测量颗粒尺寸的那些装置中，记录最长边的尺寸作为直径，在这种情况下，直径低于约150μm，优选约7至135μm。本发明描述
根据本发明，提供一种厚度基本上均匀的多层极薄层形成的受支撑热塑性树脂多层层压膜，所述层通常是平行的且相互接触的相邻层为不同的透明热塑性树脂材料。将多层层压膜支撑于支撑层上并与其粘附，这样支撑层可容易从薄膜上剥离。
该多层层压膜优选具有至少10层，更优选至少35层，最优选至少70层极薄层。各层通常具有厚度约30至500nm。
层压膜的相邻层具有折光指数差优选至少约0.03，更优选至少约0.06。
任何透明热塑性树脂材料可用于本发明中。层压膜的优选透明热塑性树脂材料为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、二醇改性的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PETG)和聚苯乙烯(PS)。可使用的组合包括PMMA/PBT、PMMA/PET和PMMA/PS。
本发明的一个优点是，那些本身太脆以至操作不方便的组合现在可容易使用了。某些薄膜配料无脆性，但当试图切割时会伸长，这样难以或不可能粉碎为薄片。本发明的另一优点是可通过精确切割或通过碾磨，使具有非常低伸长量的层压膜配料的尺寸降至所需的颗粒尺寸。
支撑物可为与虹彩层压膜弱粘附的任何材料，如聚合物支撑物、金属支撑物等。将该支撑物以任何适当的厚度施于多层层压膜表面上以产生宽长度，将其修剪并纵切为窄长度(当试图精确切割时)并卷绕于辊上。施加支撑物通过与虹彩层压膜一起共挤出进行，或可将层压膜挤出到固体支撑基片上或通过其它方便的方式进行。唯一要求是支撑物对多层层压膜无不利影响并与虹彩层压膜弱粘附。弱粘附是指支撑层可容易在合适时刻例如在纵切机/复绕机上从层压膜上剥离。
支撑物优选为聚合物，聚合物优选为聚烯烃，该聚合物可为热塑性的并可为透明或不透明的。该聚烯烃优选可与层压膜一起共挤出，这种属性对生产工艺有利。典型的聚烯烃包括高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、LLDPE、聚丙烯等。还可使用除聚烯烃外的聚合物，如聚酯。
下面的实施例是说明性的：
                       实施例1
将聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)热塑性聚酯自第一个挤出机并将聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)自第二个挤出机加入供料头中，形成115层光学芯，将聚乙烯层(总厚度的约20％)借助第三个挤出机加到一个表面上，由此形成0.73密耳(18.5μm)厚的层压虹彩膜。剥离聚乙烯层后该层压膜呈现明亮的虹彩，在垂直入射时通过反射观察该层压膜主要为红色和绿色，在垂直入射时通过透射观察该层压膜为蓝色和粉色。
将该带有支撑物的多层层压虹彩膜按如下方法粉碎。首先，将支撑物基片与层压膜相互分离，然后将分离的薄膜在造粒机中切割为薄片，接着在冷却下碾磨。可将该薄片用于其中需要“闪光”外观的任何领域中。例如，可将这些薄片加入汽车涂料体系的清漆或底漆中或同时加入清漆和底漆中，且这些涂料中任何一种具有另外的着色剂。
                       实施例2
按实施例1所述制备在光学芯中具有与实施例1相同聚合物的多层层压结构，其薄片如实施例1，不同的是光学芯具有99层。
                      实施例3-7
用如下材料重复实施例1的步骤：
  实施例   总层数   高指数聚合物   低指数聚合物    支撑层聚合物
    3     116     PET     PMMA     聚丙烯
    4     116     PS     PMMA     聚乙烯
    5     116     PBT     PMMA     LLDPE
    6     116     PETG     PMMA     聚丙烯
    7     116     PET     PMMA     聚乙烯
在不离开本发明精神和范围下可对本发明进行各种变化和替换。已描述的各种实施方案仅用于说明目的而不是用于限制本发明范围。

Claims (19)

1.一种与支撑基材可剥离粘结的至少10层基本上均匀厚度的极薄层的载在支撑物上的透明虹彩层压膜，所述的各层通常是平行的，接触的相邻层为其折光指数相差至少约0.03的不同透明热塑性树脂材料。
2.根椐权利要求1的载在支撑物上的虹彩层压膜，其中所述层压膜的厚度小于1密耳(25.4μm)。
3.根椐权利要求1的载在支撑物上的虹彩层压膜，其中所述层压膜的厚度为约0.25至0.75密耳(6.4-19.2μm)。
4.根椐权利要求1的载在支撑物上的虹彩层压膜，其中所述支撑物为聚烯烃。
5.根椐权利要求1的载在支撑物上的虹彩层压膜，其中所述树脂材料的至少一种选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、二醇改性的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚苯乙烯，其中不同透明热塑性树脂材料的接触相邻层的折光指数相差至少约0.06。
6.根椐权利要求5的载在支撑物上的虹彩层压膜，其中所述树脂材料中的一种是聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，另外一种树脂材料选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯和聚苯乙烯。
7.一种制备适合用于粉碎的虹彩层压膜的方法，包括形成一种具有至少10层基本上均匀厚度的极薄层并与支撑基材可剥离粘结的透明热塑性层压膜，所述的各层通常是平行的，接触的相邻层为其折光指数相差至少约0.03的不同透明热塑性树脂材料。
8.权利要求7的方法，包括通过共挤出形成所述的载在支撑物上的层压膜。
9.权利要求7的方法，还包括分离所述的支撑基材和所述的层压膜；和粉碎所述的层压膜。
10.权利要求9的方法，其中所述层压膜的厚度小于1密耳(25.4μm)，其中所述支撑基材是聚烯烃。
11.权利要求9的方法，其中所述的粉碎所述薄膜步骤使得粉碎后的颗粒的最大边尺寸小于约4密耳(101.2μm)。
12.权利要求9的方法，其中在所述的分离步骤前切割所述载在支撑物上的层压膜至宽度不超过约5.5英寸(14mm)。
13.根椐权利要求9的方法，其中所述树脂材料的至少一种选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、二醇改性的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚苯乙烯，和其中不同透明热塑性树脂材料的接触相邻层的折光指数相差至少约0.06。
14.根椐权利要求9的方法，其中所述树脂材料中的一种是聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，另一种树脂材料选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯和聚苯乙烯。
15.多个颗粒，其中每个颗粒包括一种具有至少10层基本上均匀厚度的极薄层的透明热塑性层压膜，所述的各层通常是平行的，接触的相邻层为其折光指数相差至少约0.03的不同透明热塑性树脂材料，颗粒的最大边尺寸小于约4密耳和厚度小于约1密耳(25.4μm)。
16.根椐权利要求15的多个颗粒，其中所述颗粒的层压膜的厚度为约0.25-0.75密耳(6.4-19.2μm)。
17.根据权利要求16的多个颗粒，其中所述层压膜颗粒的最大边尺寸为约0.2-3.8密耳(5.04-96.5μm)。
18.根椐权利要求17的多个颗粒，其中所述树脂材料中的一种是聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，另一种树脂材料选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯和聚苯乙烯。
19.根椐权利要求15的多个颗粒，其中所述树脂材料中的至少一种选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、二醇改性的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚苯乙烯，和其中不同透明热塑性树脂材料的接触相邻层的折光指数相差至少约0.06。
CN99808471A 1998-07-01 1999-04-29 由多层虹彩薄膜制备的用于漆和涂料中的薄片 Expired - Fee Related CN1128712C (zh)

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US20060024491A1 (en) * 2004-07-27 2006-02-02 Engelhard Corporation Optical effect films with customized central layer
US20080274340A1 (en) * 2007-05-04 2008-11-06 Giammatteo Marc W Non-specular iridescent films
US20140065397A1 (en) 2012-08-28 2014-03-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Coextruded polymer film configured for successive irreversible delamination
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US4162343A (en) 1977-12-23 1979-07-24 The Mearl Corporation Multilayer light-reflecting film
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