CN1128415C - 基于请求者类型的网页的定制方法和系统 - Google Patents

基于请求者类型的网页的定制方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN1128415C
CN1128415C CN98122423A CN98122423A CN1128415C CN 1128415 C CN1128415 C CN 1128415C CN 98122423 A CN98122423 A CN 98122423A CN 98122423 A CN98122423 A CN 98122423A CN 1128415 C CN1128415 C CN 1128415C
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CN1225479A (zh
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玛丽娅·阿左亚·海米尔
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    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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    • H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
    • H04L67/125—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks involving control of end-device applications over a network
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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    • G06F16/95—Retrieval from the web
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    • G06F16/9577—Optimising the visualization of content, e.g. distillation of HTML documents
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/02—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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    • H04L67/535—Tracking the activity of the user
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/40—Network security protocols
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/24—Negotiation of communication capabilities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
    • H04L69/32—Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
    • H04L69/322—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
    • H04L69/329—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the application layer [OSI layer 7]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S707/99941—Database schema or data structure
    • Y10S707/99944—Object-oriented database structure
    • Y10S707/99945—Object-oriented database structure processing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99941—Database schema or data structure
    • Y10S707/99948—Application of database or data structure, e.g. distributed, multimedia, or image

Abstract

基于某提出请求的客户的能力，利用一个截取代理给上述提出请求的客户设备提供定制的因特网内容。上述代理通常在客户请求所指向的那个Web服务器上，它对一个由某提出请求的客户设备所提出的向某Web服务器请求一个文件的请求进行截取。上述代理检测提出请求的客户设备的客户设备能力信息。诸如显示或存储器能力等。根据所检测到的客户设备能力信息，上述客户请求被重定向到一个统一资源定位器(URL)上，以便检索所请求的文件的一个版本。

Description

基于请求者类型的网页的定制方法和系统
一般地讲，本发明涉及分布式网络计算环境中的通信。具体讲，本发明涉及基于提出请求的客户设备，在因特网环境中定制网页的选择。
World Wide Web(万维网)，或简称“Web”，是因特网的多媒体信息检索系统。它是因特网环境中最常用的传送数据的方法。在Web环境中，客户使用超文本传送协议(HTTP)向Web服务器请求网页。HTTP是一种能使用户访问包括文本、图形、图象、声音的诸文件的协议，用一种名为超文本超文本链接标示语言(HTML)的标准网页描述语言来实现。HTML提供的文件的格式允许开发者指定连向网络中其它服务器的链路。通向某一特定的Web服务器的路径是用一个统一资源定位器(URL)来定义的。通常使用一种诸如Netscape Navigator这样的与HTML兼容的浏览器来访问网页，上述Netscape Navigator浏览器使用URL指定通向Web服务器的链路及特定的网页。
随着万维的普及，许多公司都投入大部分的开发力量，用诸如HTTP和HTML这样的因特网协议来生产在因特网上运行的应用软件。也存在其它方法诸如文件传输协议(FTP)和Gopher等，但都没有达到Web这样的普及程度。
在客户机上，信息检索通常是通过使用与HTML相兼容的“浏览器”来实现的，例如Netscape Navigator，当浏览器的用户通过URL规定链路时，客户就向一个命名服务器发出一个请求，以便把URL中的主机名映射到一个特定的网络IP地址，服务器就分配给该地址。命名服务器返回一个包括一个或多个能响应该请求的IP地址列表。浏览器使用上述IP地址中的一个建立一个与某一服务器的连接。如果此服务器是可得到的，它就按照HTML的格式返回一个文件或其它实体。
因为Web浏览器成为访问许多网络和服务器的服务的主要接口，未来的Web应用将需要与许多不同类型的客户机进行交互，包括从典型的个人计算机到“瘦”客户机。“瘦”客户机这一概念可以指从60英寸的电视屏幕到手持移动设备这一范围内的设备。如此大范围的设备要求为服务器正在与之通信的那种设备的类型定制Web GUI。使用现有的技术，人们最有可能要编写不同的HTML页或不同的Web程序如Java，cgi等来处理每个客户环境的GUI和导航需求。
客户设备在其显示能力上有所不同，例如单色、彩色、不同的调色、分辩率、尺寸。它们所连的输入设备也可能有所不同，如鼠标如键盘，触摸传感器，电视机顶置盒的遥控器等。另外，浏览器自身在所支持的语言方面也可能有所不同，如HTML、动态HTML、XML、Java、Javascript。由于这些差别，对相同的网页的Web浏览历程就会因客户设备的不同而有很大的不同。
这种客户机的能力与环境之间的不可调整性就会引出许多问题。网点完全可能使一组客户得不到服务，或使Web浏览历程混乱或在某些方面不尽如人意。既使Web开发者已经努力谐调了某范围的客户设备，每个应用程序的代码仍可能为适应每个环境而被复制。结果，复制的代码增加了Web网点的维护成本。通常，对于不同的HTML页，CGI程序等，不同类型的客户需要知道不同的URL。
本发明为上述问题提供了一个新颖的解决方案。
综上所述，使一个因特网应用能被大量不同的客户设备支持是本发明的一个目的。
为了使大量的客户设备具有上述的支持性，就要开发附加产品，使这一开发成本最小是本发明的另一个目的。
本发明的另一个目的是确定正向一个Web服务器请求服务的那个客户设备的类型。
本发明的另一个目的是为大量的客户设备定制一个因特网应用。
本发明的上述和其它目的是通过使用一个解释代理，为提出请求的客户设备提供一个定制的因特网目录来实现的。上述代理通常位于客户请求所指向的那个Web服务器上，它解释由提出请求的客户所提出的从一个Web服务器请求一个文件的请求。该代理检测提出请求的客户设备的客户设备能力信息，如显示或存储能力。根据所检测得的客户设备能力信息，上述客户请求被重定向到一个统一资源定位器(URL)上，以便检索所请求的文件的一个版本。
Web服务器上的上述代理可以通过分析请求的头信息来得到客户设备的能力信息。头信息在一个典型的请求中发送，例如一个HTTP请求，它包括一个浏览器标识和一个浏览器等级，根据此等级就能推断出设备的能力。如果使信息不能被分析或并不包含所需的信息，则一个在提出请求的客户设备上执行的窥探操作可以检索所需的客户设备信息。上述窥探操作可以远端执行，或由一个从Web服务器上下载的窥探代理来执行。如果窥探不成功，客户设备信息可以从用户输入来检索，该用户输入是输入到提出请求的客户设备上的一个被下载的网页上的。上述下载的网页可能包括一个图象集合，而被检索的用户输入是出现在提出请求的客户设备上的优选的图象。
参照附图及以下说明，可以更容易地理解上述的目的、特点及优点。
图1示出了根据本发明的需要而配置的计算机系统。
图2是一个请求因特网中一个网页的Web请求的流程图。
图3是一个简单的因特网结构图，包括多个客户类型和一个使用本发明提供数个网页集合服务的Web服务器。
图4是一个结构图，示出了实现本发明的一个最优实施例所需的多个成份。
图5是一个使用本发明的过程的流程图。
图6是一个不完全的网页，用于对一个在客户设备上的与HTML兼容的浏览器所提供的网页作出选择。
本发明可以运行在不同的计算机上，也可以运行于一个运行大量不同的操作系统的计算机集合中的多计算机上。例如，上述计算机可以是便携式计算机、个人计算机、小型计算机、中型计算机或一台运行于由其它类计算机组成的分布式网络中的计算机。事实上本发明假设运行各种浏览器的多种客户设备是在因特网或企业网中使用的。尽管在具体选择计算机时受到处理器速度和磁盘存储量的限制，但IBM PC系列的计算机都能用于本发明中。一台IBM个人计算机可能运行的一个操作系统是IBM的OS/Z Warp 4.0。替代地，计算机系统也可能是IBM RISCSystem/6000(TM)系列中的一台，运行AIX(TM)操作系统。
在图1中，一台由一个系统单元11、一个键盘12、一个鼠标器13和一个显示器14构成的计算机10被以方框图的形式表示出来。系统单元11包括一条或多条系统总线21，不同成份被连接到它上来，且通过它实现了不同成份间的通信。微处理器22连到系统总线21上且被只读存储器(ROM)23和随机访问存储器(RAM)24所支持，它们也被连到系统总线21上。IBM PC系列计算机中的微处理器是Intel微处理器家族中的一种，包括386、486或Pentium微处理器等。然而，其它微处理器，包括Motorola家族的微处理器，诸如68000、68020或68030微处理器以及不同的精减指令集计算机(RISC)微处理器诸如由IBM制造的Power PC芯片等，也可被使用，且并不限于以上这些。在特定的计算机中也可能使用由Hewlett Packard，Sun Motorola和其它公司生产的其它RISC芯片。
ROM23在包含其它程序的同时，还包括控制诸如处理器与磁盘驱动器以及键盘之间的交互等基本的硬件操作的基本输入输出系统(BIOS)。RAM24是装载操作系统和应用程序的主要存储器。存储器管理芯片25被连到系统总线21上，并控制直接存储器访问操作，包括在RAM24和硬盘驱动器26以及软盘驱动器27之间传递数据。CDROM32还与系统总线21相连，用于存储大量数据，如一个多媒体程序或展示。
与系统总线21相连的还有各种I/O控制器：键盘控制器28、鼠标控制器29、视频控制器30和声频控制器31。正如所希望的那样，键盘控制器28为键盘12提供硬件接口，鼠标控制器29为鼠标13提供硬件接口，视频控制器30是显示器14的硬件接口，声频控制器31是扬声器15的硬件接口。一个诸如令牌环适配器这样的I/O控制器40使得本系统能经过一个网络46与其它具有相似配置的数据处理系统进行通信。
随着客户设备的不同，其显示器、存储器和处理器的能力会有差别。另外，某些设备尤其是便携式设备可能缺少某些上面所讨论的部分，如键盘和鼠标，代之的是触摸屏和铁笔。这些设备一般使用RF或IR谱中的无线传送方式与网络通信。诸如WebTV这样的顶置盒可能没有键盘和鼠标，而有功能有限的便携式遥控器。在计算机的监视器内使用通常的电视还意味着显示会缺乏分辨率和计算机接口的用户界面开发者所假设的可编址的屏幕尺寸。对这些及其它客户设备，本发明允许有一个定制的用户界面。
本发明的最佳实现例之一是驻留于一个或多个通常按上述配置的计算机系统中的随机访问存储器24中的指令集48～52。直到计算机系统发出请求之前，上述指令集可能存储在其它计算机可读的存储器中，如可存储在硬盘驱动器26，或存储在一个可拆装的存储器如在CD-ROM32中使用的光盘或在软驱27中使用的软盘中。另外，指令集也可存储在另外一台计算机的存储器中，当用户需要时，通过计算机可读的媒体，经过一个局域网或广域网发送。精通本领域的人会意识到，指令集的物理存储会在实际上改变指令集储存于其上的那些媒体，如电的、磁的、化学的改变，使之能承载计算机可读的信息。虽然用指令、符号、字符等等术语来描述本发明是方便的，但读者应当记住，所有这些及相似的术语都应与适当的物理元件联系起来。
另外，本发明通常被用与操作者相联系的术语来描述。所执行的操作可能是对用户的输入作出响应，此时任何在这里描述的构成本发明的一部分的操作中都不需要操作者有所动作；上述操作是机器的操作，处理电信号并产生另外的电信号。
通过创建一个网页的集合，其中每个网页的格式都使之能为一种需要支持的特定的设备所读取，本发明使得多个Web客户类型能为一个因特网应用所支持。在本发明的最优实施例，每个被支持的应用都有一个URL，尽管在Web服务器中，上述请求可能被重定向到另一个包含适合于特定的设备的网页的URL，但本发明还是这样做了。所返回的HTML页包含来自服务器的对客户设备所请求的服务的响应，该响应已被按客户设备定制。通过本发明，作为响应的HTML页上的响应数据已被选择为最佳格式如内容，以便能被客户设备最佳地读取、解释和显示。
在因特网中，Web服务器接收一个客户的请求并给该客户返回一个响应。在检索一个特定的网页的过程中，可能会涉及一系列的用作服务器的计算机。服务器程序的操作被一些服务器应用函数(SAFs)所控制，经过适当配置，每个服务器应用函数都在一个序列的某一确定的断点上执行。如图2所示，这个序列始于授权翻译步骤75，在此步骤中，Web服务器把Web客户送来的任何授权信息都转译给一个用户或一个小组。如果有必要，步骤75还可以对一个消息进行解码，以获得客户的实际请求。在名称翻译步骤77，与请求有关的URL可会被翻译成一个与系统有关的文件名、一个重定向的URL或者一个镜像位置，当然也可能不这样。在路径检查步骤79中，服务器在所得到的路径上进行各种检测，以确保给定的客户能检索到所需的文件。
在步骤81中，给定的文件的多用途的因特网函件扩展(MIME)类型信息，例如text/html，image/gif，被识别。在服务步骤83中，Web服务器例程选择一个内部服务器函数来发送所检索到的信息给发出请求的Web客户。这一功能可以运行普通的服务器服务例行程序以便返回一个文件或某些其它服务器函数，诸如一个能返回顾客文件或一个CGI程序的程序。在Add Log步骤85，有关此交易处理的信息被记录下来。
URL，即“统一资源定位器”定义在RFC 1945中，这里作为参考我们将它并入我们的说明中。众所周知，URL典型的格式是：“http：//somehost/…”其中“somehost”是URL的主机名位置，把一个URL解析成一个Web服务器的实际IP地址的一般方式是使用一个名称服务器。在一个互连网或企业网中，名称服务器42把URL中的主机名映射为一个实际的网络地址。一个名称服务器的实例就是目前在因特网中实现的域名服务器(DNS)。使一个Web客户从一个名称服务器请求一个主机名和地址的过程称为解析。在TCP/IP中，名称服务器把主机名解析成一个列表，其中包含一个或多个IP地址，它们被返回给提出HTTP请求的Web客户。每个IP地址都标识一个服务器，它是浏览器所请求的目录的主机。
本发明包括一个把来自提出请求的客户的HTML请求解释给一个特定的HTTP服务器或其上的应用的服务器应用，它也可对上述HTML请求进行处理。这一服务器应用被称为“客户灵巧代理”，附着在HTTP服务器上并根据客户设备把该服务器重定向到正确的页上。把上述服务器应用“附着”在HTTP服务器上从根本上保证了客户灵巧代理能与HTTP服务器通信。这一“附着”可以通过HTTP服务器和客户灵巧代理间的接口(APIs)来实现。如果不这样，客户灵巧代理可以作为一个应用来实现，它在HTTP服务器收到HTTP请求前就对这些请求进行解释。应用的开发者可以使用一个商业的HTML服务器来编写网页，然后用另外的工具来为客户灵巧代理配置因特网应用。
用户可以总使用同一URL，但随着客户机的不同，将被服务的网页也不同。客户灵巧代理被按照多个所支持的客户类型的每一种进行了配置。
客户灵巧代理与HTTP服务器共同工作，为特定的客户做出正确的HTML配置。客户灵巧代理从HTTP头信息中读取客户浏览器的类型和所用的操作系统。例如，从HTTP数据包的头信息中，客户灵巧代理可以很容易地发现某一客户请求来自某一版本的用于Windows 95的Netscape Navigator浏览器。因为相似的信息也可以在其它因特网协议的头数据包中被发现，所以本发明并不限于HTTP。
如果基于HTTP的头信息不能识别客户设备，客户灵巧代理就经过网络向客户机发出一个小应用程序，即客户窥探器代理，来识别客户类型。这个客户窥探器可被写成一个用来识别客户设备的客户的Java-Script HTML页、Java程序、或Java小应用程序。一旦客户设备被识别出来，“客户灵巧代理”就向HTTP服务器发送正确的HTTP请求。如果“客户窥探器”未能识别出客户设备的类型，可适当配置“客户灵巧代理”使之能做以下任意工作。用户可能收到一个错误信息，然而这不是最佳的。替代地，用户收到一个要求从所提供的列表中识别他/她的设备的网页。该网页具有一个输入域用来输入未被列入表中的客户设备。该网页也可能包含多个网页样本，让用户从中选出最好的网页。另外，在这一选择的基础上，网页应从服务器上可得到的网页中选出。最后，客户灵巧代理可以使用一个缺省配置或产生一个经训练的对客户设备的推测来把一个请求重定向到HTTP服务器上的合适的页上。
客户灵巧代理能够分析HTML代码和Web应用程序，并能为一个经配置的客户类型选择正确的接口。在客户灵巧代理中，因特网应用的开发者配置每种被支持的客户设备类型。这个配置过程包括描述屏幕尺寸，输入设备，如笔、触摸屏、鼠标、电视遥控器等，软件与浏览器的可兼容性，如客户设备上所支持的Java和HTML等级，存储器的容量和其它客户设备参数。
图3简单表示出一个能实现本发明的因特网环境。通过有线或无线装置，各种类型的客户设备101，103，105，107都被连到因特网109上。客户101-107可对一个Web服务器111提出请求一个或多个应用的HTTP请求。客户灵巧代理113根据所检测到的客户类型把客户请求重定向到适当的网页上。在图中，四个网页函数分别由四个网页集合115，117，119，121提供。每个网页集合中都分别有一个网页适合特定的Web客户设备。那些精通本领域的人应知道，通常每种类型的客户设备都有多个阵到因特网上。另外，在客户和Web服务器间还可能会有多个未被画出来的中间服务器、网关和路由器。
图4是本发明的最佳实施例中所需的成份的结构图。驻留在客户设备之一中的客户浏览器151用一个特定的URL发出请求一个HTML页的HTTP请求153或用Peri CGT、Java、JavaScipt或其它语言发出请求一个Web应用的HTTP请求153。此请求被定向到客户灵巧代理155上，该代理155首先运用HTTP头信息来尝试识别上述设备。如果不成功，客户灵巧代理就下载157一个客户窥探代理159到该客户上，以便获得在选择适当的网页时所必须的关于客户设备的信息。有各种窥探技术可用于客户窥探器。许多客户操作系统都保有关于其所附着的设备的信息。例如，在Windows 95中就有一个寄存器，其中列有硬件设备，尤其是处理器，处理器速度，监视器，包括尺寸等，还有其它很少为本发明直接利用的信息。为选择适当的网页，只检测操作系统的类型就可能足够了。检测系统的BIOS能获得有用的信息。搜寻被支持的特定的客户设备的特定标志的程序被并入到客户窥探器代理159中。如果此窥探器代理不成功，窥探器代理159可以提供一个向用户查询在选择一个适当的网页时可能是很有用的信息的页161。替代地，窥探器代理159可能向客户灵巧代理155报告其失败，而客户灵巧代理可能会提供一个网页用于用户查询。对于这个接口会在后面参照着图6进行更详细的讨论。
客户窥探器代理159向客户灵巧代理155返回必要的关于客户设备的信息。客户灵巧代理利用此信息选择适合于它将要把客户请求重定向于其上的那个客户的HTML页或Web应用的格式。
这个过程的流程图示于图5。本过程始于步骤201，在此步骤中客户灵巧代理对一个定向于被支持的服务器应用的HTTP请求进行截取。在步骤203中，客户灵巧代理对上述HTTP进行分析以便得到可被用于推断客户设备特性的浏览器信息。步骤205决定分析是否成功。
如果因为有未知的浏览器或浏览器类型而使分析没有成功，则在步骤207中客户窥探器就被下载到客户机上。替代地，许多操作系统都有API，用某一个API就可进行远端查询。自然，一个远端窥探可能重复许多次直到操作被标识为止。在步骤209中，对客户设备进行窥探，以便获得设备，操作系统和/或浏览器的信息。在步骤211中判断窥探是否成功。
如果窥探没有成功，就会送给用户一个对话页，最好是用浏览器能提供的语言。这个页可以由已在客户的窥探代理发出，也可从服务器的客户灵巧代理发出。在步骤215中，用户输入到上述页中的信息被接收并被送回到客户灵巧代理。在步骤217中，客户灵巧代理会基于得自分析、窥探或接收步骤的信息来判断将要用于发送HTTP请求的适当的页。如果有必要，会按照检测到的客户类型动态地重新决定所选中的网页的格式。最后，在步骤221中，把所选定的网页送到客户机中。
本发明规定，对于为所支持的客户设备或客户设备集合重制网页，网页的某些定制是固定的。其它方面的网页内容的定制可能被动态地随时修改。来自具有大量的不同的显示器尺寸的客户的请求可能被定向到不同的URL上的不同的网页上。来自屏幕尺寸相同而显示器性质不同，如彩色调色板，以客户的请求可能被定向到相同的URL上，然而，指向整个页内的图象数据的嵌入的URL可能被动态地选择以便提供在所检测的客户设备看来是最好的图象。而其它诸如字体或字体尺寸等可随时在HTML中进行动态调整。
除了设备类型方面所考虑的问题。本发明也可用于处理浏览器方面所考虑的问题。本发明能较好地支持任何浏览器，甚至是过时的浏览器，它们不支持在它们被编写出来后流行起来的某种特定的语言或该语言的某种特定的版本。本发明不是强迫用户升级到一种新浏览器上，而是允许客户灵巧代理选择一个在所检测的浏览器的分析和表示能力范围内的网页。
通常，客户灵巧代理会利用特定的服务器所用的HTTP服务器API把HTTP请求重定向到HTTP服务器。Netscape和Microsoft公司的著名的HTTP服务器产品都有这种类型的界面。替代地，客户灵巧代理在为HTTP请求确定路由使之返回原URL之前对该请求进行截获并把它改变到一个新的URL上。在服务器上，执行路由选择功能的软件在给予用户(客户)的URL和实际服务器地址之间有一对多的关系。例如，“http：//GM/newproducts”可被解释成“ //GM/newproducts.FloorApp”，在小轿车销售商所能购买到的PalmTop计算机上显示小轿车的信息。同样的URL可被解释成“//GM/newproducts，WebTV”，显示WebTV应用。另外，此URL还可被解释成“//GM/newproducts.PC”，显示运行在个人计算机上的浏览器。
当某设备不能被识别时，就要开发一个缺省的网页了。这里对此给出三种技术描述。然而，除非某一类客户设备的网页中的一个被简单地置成缺省，否则缺省网页是否会有很大用处还是个问题。
如上所述，如果客户窥探器不能识别客户，窥探器或客户灵巧代理就会发出一个网页，要求用户标识机器类型。替代地，除了另外有可能，用户可被给予一个机会，从一个列表中选择“设定页的格式”。图6示出一个样本页。那些精通本领域的人应当明白，随着控制集合的不同，也可以有其它格式。一个有数个供选择的页的对话应被提供出来，在此对话中，为了选择对于客户设备来讲是最好的那个网页，客户浏览器和服务器应用找出了不同的网页供选择。
一个下拉式列表框251可以被显示给用户，其中列出所支持的不同的客户设备。用户可以选择他正使用的客户计算机。在另一个下拉式列表框255中，特定的计算机和计算机模型都可被列出，生产厂商的名称和普通描述如“486个人电脑”等也可能被列出来。可能有一个留给驻留于客户系统上的浏览器的附加域。如果没有发现，用户可以在输入域253中输入计算机的名称。如果不这样，可以给用户一个图象257、259、261、263的集合，并要求他们选择看起来最好的那个图象。
输入域253和图像选择的结合可被用于一种新的设备类型的登记过程。假设客户灵巧代理或窥探器能够检索到某些信息，但却不能与拥有任何数据结构的任何信息联系起来，被分析或被窥探的信息可以被保持并与用户所选定的图象联合起来。现在新的设备类型的信息就可以被输入到客户灵巧代理的数据库中了。下次当相同类型的另一台设备被检测时，页的重定向就可以自动进行了。
上述登记过程对普通用户来讲不是最佳的，因为它影响了Web浏览的过程。然而对于一个致力于将一种新设备引入自己的网络的网络管理员，或者是一个允许一种新型设备用其网页操作的Web设计者来讲，这一登记过程都是一种简单的、用最小量的关于新设备或其浏览器的知识就可以扩展网络或网页的能力的方法。这种交互可以扩展到包括语言测试，看看浏览器和设备可以解释哪种语言及其层次。一个包括用各种语言生成的图象的对话集合，连同一个伴随的查询例如，“在上面的矩形框中你能看到一个激活的widget吗？”被显示给管理员。例如，一个三维图可以被一个为某Java小应用程序所访问的虚拟现实建模语言(VRML)脚本激活。对目标的存在的证实将做为对关于新客户设备的信息的检测。一旦交互完成，新设备就可被送入与客户灵巧代理相关的数据库中。这样，来自这种类型的设备的另外的请求就可被无缝地处理了。
最好能提供给本发明一组实用程序使之能有助于网页的开发。一个网页设计者可以利用该实用程序去检查一个原型页。开发者将会被问到他想让他的应用支持哪种设备类型。这些实用程序应进入一个对话中，此对话带有为每个被支持的设备各自建立一个页的实用程序。例如，为了使原型页能适用于一个具有比计算机监视器小的有效显示空间的Web TV客户设备，开发者可能从原型网页拖拽和下拉对象到新的位置或者自动地包括一个页中的滚动条。其它要考虑的能被用于各组网页的实用程序解决的问题包括彩色与单色，彩色调色板、监视器的尺寸与分辨率以及用户输入设备。可选的对象占据网页中不同的空间时，使用触摸屏会比通常用的基于鼠标的界面更好。
综上所述，某些特性，如监视器尺寸等，会产生向一个新URL的重定向，而其它改变如字体大小等则可随时进行。
本发明可被用来检测浏览器的语言版本，因为这个信息通常在头信息中。另外，地点信息通常在操作系统中提供，并能被有效地窥探到。这样，HTTP请求就能被重定向到用合适的语言编写的网页上。
浏览器的版本等级可与一个信息表相对照，表中有该浏览器所支持的互联网语言和协议。所以，含有不被该浏览器支持的语言的页就能被绕开了。
本发明可被广泛地应用到大量不同的Web应用上。从本发明获得益处的Web应用的例子包括覆盖许多不同设备类型。如掌上型计算机、个人计算机，膝上型计算机，Web TV等的国际应用。本发明能使开发者降低开发网页的成本。一个包裹投递公司可能有一个存货清单应用，司机们用无线掌上型设备来访问它，而管理者和会计却用连到办公室的局域网上的个人计算机来访问它。本发明可以很容易地协调这两种浏览器。另外，本发明允许一个公司只公布一个URL，例如通过电视或印刷品广告来公布，而该URL能为所有可能的设备所用。
虽然本发明的上述描述用了HTTP和HTML，因为它们通常与Web中的URL处理过程相关，但那些精通本领域的人会很容易地认同，其它因特网协议也是可知的，并能被很容易地调整一下后用来描述本发明。
尽管本发明已被参照着这里提供的特定的实施例进行了表示和描述，但那些精通本领域的人将会明白，本发明通过修改可在其它环境中实现。例如，尽管上述的本发明可以很方便地在一台用软件来重新配置或激活的通用计算机上实现，那些精通本领域的人应当认识到，本发明可用硬件、固件或者软件、固件或硬件，包括专为执行本发明而设计的特殊目的的设备硬件的结合来实现。所以，在不背离由后附的权利要求所提出的本发明的精神实质与范围的条件下，本发明在形式和细节上是可以有所改动的。

Claims (18)

1.一种给发出请求的客户设备提供定制的因特网内容的方法，其特征在于它由以下步骤构成：
对一个由某提出请求的客户设备所提出的向某Web服务器请求一个文件的请求进行截取。
检测上述提出请求的客户设备显示能力信息，其中该客户设备显示能力信息包括与客户设备显示的物理显示特性相关的数据；和
根据所检测到的客户设备能力信息，把上述请求重定向到一个统一资源定位器上，以便检索一个所请求的文件的版本。
2.权利要求1中所描述的方法，其特征在于：检测步骤由一个处于某Web服务器上的代理来执行，它分析请求的头信息以便得到客户设备的能力信息。
3.权利要求2中所描述的方法，其特征在于上述头信息中包括一个浏览器标识和浏览器等级。
4.权利要求1中所描述的方法，其特征在于客户设备信息是从一个在提出请求的客户设备上执行的窥探操作接收来的。
5.权利要求4中所描述的方法，其特征在于窥探操作由一个从某Web服务器上下载来的窥探代理来执行。
6.权利要求1中所描述的方法，其特征在于从用户对一个处于提出请求的客户设备上的下载来的页所输入的信息中检索客户设备信息。
7.权利要求6中所描述的方法，其特征在于上述被下载的页包括一组图象，而被检索的用户输入则是出现在提出请求的客户设备上的最好的图象。
8.权利要求1中所描述的方法，其特征在于上述设备能力信息包括提出请求的客户设备的显示能力。
9.权利要求1中所描述的方法，其特征在于上述设备能力信息包括一组为提出请求的客户设备上的浏览器所支持的语言。
10.权利要求1中所描述的方法，其特征在于它还包括步骤：动态地重定所检索到的所请求的文件的版本的格式。
11.权利要求1中所描述的方法，其特征在于上述被请求的文件是一个网页，它至少是部分地用一种超文本链接标示语言编写的。
12.一个用来给提出请求的客户设备提供定制的因特网内容的系统包括处理器和存储器，其特征在于它包括：
对一个由某提出请求的客户设备所提出的向某Web服务器请求一个文件的请求进行截取的装置；
检测上述提出请求的客户设备的客户设备显示能力信息的装置，其中该客户设备显示能力信息包括与客户设备显示的物理显示特性相关的数据；和
根据所检测到的客户设备能力信息，把上述请求重定向到一个统一资源定位器上，以便检索一个所请求的文件的版本的装置。
13.权利要求12中所描述的系统，其特征在于上述检测装置是一个处于某Web服务器上的代理，它分析请求的头信息以便得到客户设备的能力信息。
14.权利要求13中所描述的系统，其特征在于上述头信息中包括一个浏览器标识和浏览器等级。
15.权利要求12中所描述的系统，其特征在于客户设备信息是从一个在提出请求的客户设备上执行的窥探操作接收来的。
16.权利要求15中所描述的系统，其特征在于它还包括一个将被下载给提出请求的客户设备的窥探代理，由此代理执行上述窥探操作。
17.权利要求12中所描述的系统，其特征在于它包括一个可下载的页，用于按照用户输入来检索客户设备信息。
18.权利要求17中所描述的系统，其特征在于上述被下载的页包括一组图象，而被检索的用户输入则是出现在提出请求的客户设备上的最好的图象。
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