CN112841015A

CN112841015A - Saline-alkali soil ecological drainage ditch structure and rapid construction method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112841015A
Application number: CN202110013660.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李山; 王倩; 仵苗; 费良军; 李哲
Original assignee: Xian University of Technology
Current assignee: Xian University of Technology
Priority date: 2021-01-06
Filing date: 2021-01-06
Publication date: 2021-05-28
Anticipated expiration: 2041-01-06
Also published as: CN112841015B

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological drainage ditch structure for saline-alkali soil and a rapid construction method of the ecological drainage ditch structure, wherein the ecological drainage ditch structure comprises a drainage ditch body, a base blanket layer is laid on the drainage ditch body, a reed layer is planted in the middle of the base blanket layer, two sides of the reed layer are respectively planted with an artemisia layer, one side, far away from the reed layer, of each artemisia layer is planted with an suaeda salsa layer, one side, far away from the artemisia layer, of each suaeda salsa layer is planted with a mixed layer, the mixed layer is composed of reed, setaria viridis and suaeda, and the reed layer, the artemisia layer, the suaeda salsa layer and the mixed layer jointly form a. The saline-alkali soil ecological drainage ditch based on the vegetation distribution rule not only can realize the quick reconstruction of the ecological system of the drainage ditch, but also overcomes the defects of the traditional soil ditch, the stone masonry slope protection drainage ditch and the traditional ecological drainage ditch; the stability is high, and the water and soil conservation effect is good; the cost is low, and the construction is simple, still possesses the view function simultaneously and filters the function of purifying farmland surface runoff and secret drainage.

Description

Saline-alkali soil ecological drainage ditch structure and rapid construction method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological system construction, and particularly relates to an ecological drainage ditch structure for saline-alkali soil and a rapid construction method of the drainage ditch structure.

Background

In various measures for improving the saline-alkali soil, drainage is a fundamental key measure, a drainage facility is sound, and the drainage of salt dissolved by salt washing, irrigation and rainfall in soil and underground water can be accelerated; and the underground water level is reduced, and the salt-containing underground water is prevented from being transported to the ground surface to cause soil salt accumulation and surface salt return. Open ditch drainage is one of the main methods for saline-alkali soil drainage, and has the effects of adjusting regional hydrological conditions, promoting soil desalination and improving soil texture. But the drainage also accelerates the output of non-point source pollutants such as pesticides, fertilizers and the like, and has adverse effect on the regional ecological environment. Therefore, in order to reduce the negative effect caused by agricultural production activities, the ecological drainage ditch is constructed to increase the purification treatment capacity of the vegetation on the drainage, so that the ecological drainage ditch is an ideal measure for ecological irrigation area construction, regional ecological environment improvement and soil salinization control. But because of the salinization irrigated area drainage contains the salt of higher concentration in water, the input of salt often is unfavorable for, can not make the ecosystem realization of escape canal quick natural reconfiguration even.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an ecological drainage ditch structure for saline-alkali soil, which solves the problem that agricultural production and environmental protection in saline-alkali irrigation areas are difficult to be considered in the prior art.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a rapid construction method of the drainage ditch structure, which solves the problem of slow natural reconstruction of the drainage ditch ecological system in the saline-alkali irrigation area.

The first technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a saline and alkaline land ecological drainage ditch structure, including the drainage ditch body, lay basic blanket layer on the drainage ditch body, the middle part on basic blanket layer is planted there is the reed layer, the both sides on reed layer are planted respectively has the wormwood layer, the one side that the reed layer was kept away from on every wormwood layer is planted there is the suaeda salsa layer, the one side that the wormwood layer was kept away from on every suaeda salsa layer is planted and is mixed the layer, mix the layer and constitute by reed, setaria viridis and suaeda salsa etc. the reed layer, the wormwood layer, the suaeda salsa layer constitutes saline and alkaline land vegetation blanket with mixing the layer jointly.

The invention adopting the first technical proposal is also characterized in that,

the base blanket layer is an artificial fiber layer, and the artificial fiber layer is made of any one of non-woven fabrics, maintenance blankets or felts.

The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for quickly constructing an ecological drainage ditch structure of a saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:

step 1, excavating a drainage ditch body;

step 2, preparing a primary blanket layer: soaking the base blanket with fertilizer for 10-15 days;

step 3, pre-culturing saline-alkali soil vegetation blankets: planting a reed layer in the middle of the primary blanket layer, planting artemisia layers on two sides of the reed layer respectively, planting an suaeda salsa layer on one side of each artemisia layer, which is far away from the reed layer, and planting a mixed layer on one side of each suaeda salsa layer, which is far away from the artemisia layers, soaking and cultivating the vegetation by adopting a fertilizer solution until the vegetation seedlings or stem sections on the primary blanket layer are firm and stable;

and 4, paving the saline-alkali soil vegetation carpet obtained in the step 3 on the drainage ditch body obtained in the step 2 for maintenance, and obtaining the ecological drainage ditch after 2 weeks.

The second technical solution adopted by the present invention is further characterized in that,

the mixed layer is composed of reed, setaria viridis and suaeda salsa, and the reed, the setaria viridis and the suaeda salsa are distributed in staggered rows.

The reed layer is arranged at the bottom of the drainage ditch body, the reed layer is a stem section of the reed, the artemisia layer is seedlings of the artemisia, the suaeda glauca layer is seedlings of the suaeda glauca, and the mixing layer is a stem section or seedling of the reed, the setaria glauca and the suaeda glauca.

The invention has the following beneficial effects: the ecological drainage ditch constructed by the invention has the advantages that the purification capacity of the drainage ditch is increased, the ecological environment of a region is improved, and the salinization of soil is prevented and treated, so that the ecological system of the drainage ditch can be quickly and naturally reconstructed, and the pollution to the downstream is reduced. And secondly, the ecological drainage ditch can overcome the defects of a plurality of traditional drainage ditches, and has the advantages of good drainage effect, high stability, good water and soil conservation effect, low manufacturing cost and simple construction. Thirdly, the landscape has good landscape function.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an ecological drainage ditch for saline-alkali soil according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the vegetation stratification of the drainage ditch of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a general view of the design of the vegetation blanket of the ecological drainage ditch of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a design drawing of the vegetation blanket of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a detail view of the reed area of the vegetation blanket of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a detailed view of the structures of Artemisia and Suaeda salsa in the vegetation blanket of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a detail view of the structure of the mixing layer in the vegetation blanket of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the ecological drainage ditch with the vegetation carpet laid thereon according to the present invention.

In the figure, 1, a drainage ditch body, 2, a carpet layer, 3, a reed layer, 4, an artemisia layer, 5, suaeda glauca, 6, a mixing layer, 7, studs, 8, fine leather ribs, 9, reed stem sections, 10, artemisia seedlings and 11, suaeda glauca seedlings.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Examples

As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, which are schematic structural views of the ecological drainage ditch for saline-alkali soil, the width of the ditch bottom is designed to be 50cm, the depth of the ditch is 200cm, and the slope toe is 60 degrees.

The drainage ditch structure comprises a drainage ditch body 1, a base blanket layer 2 is laid on the drainage ditch body 1, a reed layer 3 is planted in the middle of the base blanket layer 2, artemisia layers 4 are respectively planted on two sides of the reed layer 3, an suaeda salsa layer 5 is planted on one side, away from the reed layer 3, of each artemisia layer 4, a mixed layer 6 is planted on one side, away from the artemisia layer 4, of each suaeda salsa layer 5, the mixed layer 6 is composed of reeds, setaria viridis and suaeda salsa, and the reed layer 3, the artemisia layer 4, the suaeda salsa layer 5 and the mixed layer 6 jointly form a saline-alkali soil vegetation blanket.

The invention relates to a method for quickly constructing an ecological drainage ditch structure of a saline-alkali soil, which is specifically constructed according to the following steps:

step 1, excavating a drainage ditch. The excavation of escape canal is according to escape canal design standard.

And 2, soaking the base blanket by using a fertilizer solution. The base blanket material is selected to be non-woven fabric, and the width of the base blanket is calculated as follows: the length is 200cm and the thickness of the base blanket is 6cm, considering the convenience of laying, the length is 200cm, the base blanket is 720cm, and the base blanket is soaked by fertilizer solution (neutral and acid fertilizers such as potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, three-element compound fertilizer, potassium nitrate compound fertilizer and the like) which is beneficial to the vegetation growth of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the soaking time is 10-15 days.

And step 3, pre-culturing saline-alkali soil vegetation blankets. As shown in fig. 3, the vegetation layering law of the saline-alkali soil drainage ditch is as follows: the vegetation at the bottom of the ditch and within 50cm of the vegetation on the ditch is mainly a reed layer 3, the vegetation at the bottom of the ditch is mainly an artemisia layer 4 within 50-120 cm of the ditch, the suaeda salsa layer 5 is mainly distributed within 20-80 cm of the ditch from the top of the ditch, the mixed layer 6 mainly mixed with the reed, the setaria viridis and the suaeda salsa is distributed within 20-20 cm of the ditch from the top of the ditch to the bottom of the ditch and within 100cm of two sides of the ditch, the blanket is pre-cultivated according to the vegetation layering law of the ditch, a reed stem section 9 is broadcast within 170cm of the middle of the blanket, artemisia seedlings 10 are broadcast within 80cm of each side of the reed, suaeda salsa seedling 11 is broadcast within 70cm of each side of the left and the right of the artemisia, weed sections or seedlings of weeds such as the reed, the setaria viridis broadcast within 125cm of each side of the left and right sides of the blanket, as shown in figure 4, the plant stem sections or seedlings are cultivated by using plant seeds in advance, and the plant fiber are mixed with the reed, the broadcast of the reed is to fix the root of the reed by the tack 7 and the rubber band 8 fixed on the base blanket, the root of the reed is inserted into the base blanket through the rubber band 8, one rubber band 8 is fixed at intervals of 17cm in the width direction, one tack 7 is fixed at the position of 20cm of each rubber band for fixing, 4 reed stem sections 9 are inserted at equal intervals of 20cm, as shown in figure 5, the broadcast of the artemisia and the suaeda is to fix the seedling by the thin ropes which are fixed on the base blanket and are in a grid shape, as shown in figure 6, the mixed layer is broadcast by staggered fixation in rows, as shown in figure 7, the soaking and cultivation of the fertilizer solution is carried out for a period of time until the vegetation seedling or stem section on the base blanket layer is firm and stable, the plant seedling and the base blanket are fixed together, and the root passes through the base blanket.

And 4, paving the vegetation blanket. The drainage ditch needs to be cleaned before the vegetation blanket is laid, the pre-cultivated saline-alkali soil vegetation blanket is laid on the bottom and the side wall of the excavated drainage ditch, the vegetation blanket which is just laid needs to be maintained in the early period, the vegetation growth trend of the drainage ditch is observed every day, the root system of the plant is pricked into the soil of the drainage ditch about two weeks, and the ecological drainage ditch is formed, as shown in fig. 8. According to the characteristic of vegetation layering of saline-alkali soil, the range of bottom and upwards 50cm is mainly a reed layer, the range of the bottom of a drainage ditch upwards 50-120 cm is mainly an artemisia layer, the range of the ditch top downwards 20-80 cm is mainly distributed with suaeda salsa, the range of the ditch top downwards 20cm and the range of two sides 100cm are mainly mixed layers of plants such as reed, setaria viridis and suaeda salsa, and the like, and the method accords with the designed vegetation blanket. The drainage ditch formed at the moment is completely covered by vegetation, the ecological system is stable, the purification capacity of drainage can be improved, the salinization of soil is prevented and treated, the pollution of the drainage to a drainage area is reduced, and meanwhile, a good landscape effect is formed.

The carpet layer 2 of the ecological drainage ditch structure of the saline-alkali soil is an artificial fiber layer, and the artificial fiber layer is made of any one of non-woven fabrics, maintenance blankets or felts. The width of the base blanket is determined according to the size of the drainage ditch, the ditch bottom, the side wall and a certain range at two sides of the ditch of the drainage ditch are paved, the length is determined according to the actual condition of the base blanket material and the convenience during paving, the thickness is determined to be 6cm, and the base blanket is soaked by fertilizer solution which is beneficial to the growth of plants in saline-alkali soil. The invention treats the drainage ditch according to the natural distribution rule of the vegetation of the saline-alkali soil drainage ditch, can realize the ecological quick natural reconstruction of the drainage ditch while purifying the drainage, and reduces the pollution to the downstream drainage area.

The ecological drainage ditch for the saline-alkali soil can realize the quick reconstruction of an ecological system of the drainage ditch, and overcomes the defects of the traditional soil ditch, the stone masonry slope protection drainage ditch and the traditional ecological drainage ditch; the stability is high, and the water and soil conservation effect is good; the manufacturing cost is low, and the construction is simple; the drainage effect is good, and the groundwater level can be effectively reduced; the vegetation structure is reasonable, the survival rate is high, and the water and salt distribution rule of the drainage ditch in the saline-alkali irrigation area can be better adapted; simultaneously, the device also has the landscape function and the functions of filtering and purifying farmland surface runoff and underground drainage.

At present, drainage of saline-alkali soil is mainly carried out by constructing a horizontal drainage system of open ditches or hidden pipes and a vertical drainage system of vertical shaft drainage. The hidden pipe drainage mode has the advantages that the distance and the burial depth of the drainage pipe are difficult to control, the manufacturing cost is high, and the one-time investment is large. The pumping well for vertical shaft drainage has complex process, higher cost than a drainage ditch or a hidden pipe, high energy consumption and operation cost and is limited by hydrogeological conditions. When a common open channel drainage ditch is excavated, the drainage effect is not good, and the ecological environment around the drainage ditch is also damaged to a certain extent. The thinking of this patent is different with prior art, and its innovation lies in utilizing the halophytic vegetation layering characteristic of saline and alkaline land escape canal to establish ecological escape canal, also protects and has formed the good ecosystem in escape canal when improving drainage quality.

Claims

1. The ecological drainage ditch structure for the saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising a drainage ditch body (1), wherein a base blanket layer (2) is laid on the drainage ditch body (1), a reed layer (3) is planted in the middle of the base blanket layer (2), two sides of the reed layer (3) are respectively planted with an artemisia layer (4), each of the artemisia layers (4) is planted with an suaeda glauca layer (5) at one end far away from the reed layer (3), each of the suaeda glauca layer (5) is planted with a mixed layer (6) at one side far away from the artemisia layer (4), the mixed layer (6) is composed of reed, setaria glauca and suaeda glauca, and the reed layer (3), the artemisia layer (4), the suaeda glauca layer (5) and the mixed layer (6) jointly form a saline-alkali soil vegetation blanket.

2. The ecological drainage ditch structure in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the base blanket layer (2) is an artificial fiber layer, and the artificial fiber layer is made of any one of non-woven fabrics, maintenance blankets or felts.

3. The method for quickly constructing the ecological drainage ditch structure in the saline-alkali soil according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step 1, excavating a drainage ditch body (1);

step 2, preparing a primary blanket layer (2): soaking the base blanket with fertilizer for 10-15 days;

step 3, pre-culturing saline-alkali soil vegetation blankets: planting a reed layer (3) in the middle of the primary carpet layer (2), planting artemisia layers (4) on two sides of the reed layer (3), planting an suaeda salsa layer (5) on one side, far away from the reed layer (3), of each artemisia layer (4), planting a mixed layer (6) on one side, far away from the artemisia layer (4), of each suaeda salsa layer (5), soaking and cultivating the vegetation by adopting a fertilizer solution until the vegetation seedlings or stem sections on the primary carpet layer (2) are firm and stable;

and 4, paving the saline-alkali soil vegetation carpet obtained in the step 3 on the drainage ditch body (1) obtained in the step 2 for maintenance, and obtaining the ecological drainage ditch after 2 weeks.

4. The method for rapidly constructing the ecological drainage ditch structure in the saline-alkali soil according to claim 3, wherein the mixed layer (6) is composed of reed, setaria viridis and suaeda salsa, and the reed, the setaria viridis and the suaeda salsa are distributed in a staggered row.

5. The method for rapidly constructing the ecological drainage ditch structure in the saline-alkali soil according to claim 4, wherein the reed layer (3) is arranged at the bottom of the drainage ditch body (1), the reed layer (3) is a stem section of reed, the artemisia layer (4) is seedlings of artemisia, the suaeda glauca layer (5) is seedlings of suaeda glauca, and the mixed layer (6) is a stem section or a seedling of reed, setaria glauca and suaeda glauca.

6. The method for quickly constructing the ecological drainage ditch structure in the saline-alkali soil according to claim 3, wherein the base blanket layer (2) is an artificial fiber layer, and the artificial fiber layer is made of any one of non-woven fabrics, maintenance blankets and felts.