CN112825869A - Organic harmless insecticide and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Organic harmless insecticide and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112825869A CN112825869A CN202110096510.3A CN202110096510A CN112825869A CN 112825869 A CN112825869 A CN 112825869A CN 202110096510 A CN202110096510 A CN 202110096510A CN 112825869 A CN112825869 A CN 112825869A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/16—Ericaceae [Heath or Blueberry family], e.g. rhododendron, arbutus, pieris, cranberry or bilberry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/18—Euphorbiaceae [Spurge family], e.g. ricinus [castorbean]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/20—Fabaceae or Leguminosae [Pea or Legume family], e.g. pea, lentil, soybean, clover, acacia, honey locust, derris or millettia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/34—Rosaceae [Rose family], e.g. strawberry, hawthorn, plum, cherry, peach, apricot or almond
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/38—Solanaceae [Potato family], e.g. nightshade, tomato, tobacco or chilli pepper
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/38—Solanaceae [Potato family], e.g. nightshade, tomato, tobacco or chilli pepper
- A01N65/385—Tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/42—Aloeaceae [Aloe family] or Liliaceae [Lily family], e.g. aloe, veratrum, onion, garlic or chives
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Abstract
The invention discloses an organic harmless insecticide and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the insecticide is prepared by crushing, soaking and filtering the following raw materials in parts by weight into an aqueous solution: 1-3 parts of dry ginkgo leaves, 1-3 parts of dry rhododendron leaves, 9-11 parts of dry castor beans, 10-12 parts of dry bitter apricot kernels, 1-3 parts of dry hot peppers, 4-6 parts of dry tobacco or dry radix sophorae flavescentis, 23-25 parts of fresh garlic and 583 parts of water 331 and materials. The organic harmless insecticide is used for preventing and controlling pests, underground pests, bacterial diseases or mycosis in vegetables, fruit trees, grain crops, flowers, lawns, trees and nurseries; the killing rate of 80-90% can be achieved when the pesticide is sprayed to treat pests, the killing rate of 70-90% can be achieved when the pesticide is irrigated to treat soil pests, and the killing rate of 70-100% can be achieved when the pesticide is used to treat bacteria or mould. The organic harmless pest control agent has the advantages of no residual toxicity and no harm to human and livestock.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an insect control agent, in particular to an organic harmless insect control agent, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of insecticides.
Background
At present, a large amount of pesticides can be used in the planting process of a large number of fruits and vegetables and some crops, pollution to farmlands, grasslands, trees, water quality, air and the like can be caused to different degrees, and in addition, pesticide residues on the fruits and vegetables and some crops can also influence human health to a certain degree.
Therefore, the inventor develops a pesticide which has no chemical components, only uses plants and leaves on the mountain as raw materials and can be prepared into the pesticide for treating ground insect pests. One does not pollute the environment, and the other does not leave residual toxicity on the fruits and vegetables, thereby causing no harm to human livestock.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an organic harmless insecticide which is prepared by taking leaves and some planting plants as raw materials and can treat pests on crops such as fruits, vegetables and the like, and aims to reduce the pollution of crops in natural environment and improve the food quality and the edible safety.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention firstly provides an organic harmless insecticide, which is prepared by crushing, soaking and filtering the following raw materials in parts by weight into an aqueous solution:
1-3 parts of dry ginkgo leaves, 1-3 parts of dry rhododendron leaves, 9-11 parts of dry castor beans, 10-12 parts of dry bitter apricot kernels, 1-3 parts of dry hot peppers, 4-6 parts of dry tobacco or dry radix sophorae flavescentis, 23-25 parts of fresh garlic and 583 parts of water 331 and materials.
In the technical scheme, the raw materials are preferably 1-3 parts of dry ginkgo leaves, 1-3 parts of dry rhododendron leaves, 9-11 parts of dry castor beans, 10-12 parts of dry bitter apricot kernels, 1-3 parts of dry hot peppers, 4-6 parts of dry tobacco, 23-25 parts of fresh garlic and 583 parts of water 331-. The dry tobacco and the dry radix sophorae flavescentis have the same or similar efficacy in the formula of the invention, and the radix sophorae flavescentis can be used instead of tobacco, but the price of the radix sophorae flavescentis is higher than that of the tobacco, so the dry tobacco is more preferably used in the invention.
In the technical scheme, the raw materials are further preferably 2 parts of dry ginkgo leaves, 2 parts of dry rhododendron leaves, 10 parts of dry castor beans, 11 parts of dry bitter apricot kernels, 2 parts of dry hot peppers, 5 parts of dry tobacco, 24 parts of fresh garlic and 450 parts of water.
In the technical scheme, the dry tobacco refers to the whole body of tobacco and comprises stems, leaves and flower seed bags of the tobacco.
In the above technical scheme, the water is purified water.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the organic harmless insecticide, which comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing: screening raw materials, removing impurities and defective products in the raw materials, and then respectively carrying out the following crushing treatment on the raw materials:
crushing the dry rhododendron leaves, the dry hot peppers and the dry tobacco/the dry radix sophorae flavescentis in the proportion to 80 meshes respectively, and sieving the crushed dry rhododendron leaves, the dried hot peppers and the dry tobacco powder/the dry radix sophorae flavescentis respectively through 80 meshes to obtain dry rhododendron leaf powder, dry chilli powder and dry tobacco powder/dry radix sophorae flavescentis powder for later use;
secondly, mixing the dry bitter apricot seeds and the dry castor seeds in the proportion, crushing the mixture into 80 meshes, and sieving the crushed mixture with an 80-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder of the dry bitter apricot seeds and the dry castor seeds for later use;
thirdly, crushing the dry ginkgo leaves to 50 meshes without sieving to obtain dry ginkgo leaf powder for later use;
fourthly, crushing the fresh garlic to obtain mashed garlic for later use;
(2) soaking: respectively soaking the powder obtained in the step (1) in the following steps:
a. adding 14-16 times of water into dry folium Ginkgo powder, heating to 40 + -1 deg.C, soaking for two weeks while keeping water temperature unchanged, stirring once every two days, and soaking to obtain folium Ginkgo leachate;
b. adding water 9-11 times the weight of the dry rhododendron leaf powder, the dry chilli powder and the dry tobacco powder/the dry radix sophorae flavescentis powder respectively, heating to 40 +/-1 ℃, soaking for one week, keeping the water temperature unchanged during the soaking, stirring once every day, and obtaining rhododendron leaf leachate, pepper leachate and tobacco/radix sophorae flavescentis leachate respectively after the soaking is finished;
c. adding water 9-11 times the weight of the mixed powder of the bitter apricot seeds and the dry castor seeds, heating to 60 +/-1 ℃, soaking for a week, keeping the water temperature unchanged during the soaking, stirring once a day, and obtaining the mixed leaching solution of the bitter apricot seeds and the castor seeds after the soaking is finished;
d. adding 4-6 times of water into mashed Bulbus Allii, heating to 40 + -1 deg.C, soaking for 24-48 hr while stirring for 1-2 times while maintaining the water temperature, and collecting Bulbus Allii leachate after soaking;
(3) and (3) filtering: firstly, filtering ginkgo leaf leachate, rhododendron leaf leachate, pepper leachate, tobacco/radix sophorae flavescentis leachate, bitter apricot kernel and castor bean mixed leachate by using 100-mesh filter cloth or filter screen, and uniformly stirring the filtrates to obtain mixed liquor; filtering the garlic leachate by using a filter cloth or a filter screen of 100 meshes, uniformly mixing the garlic filtrate and the mixed solution to obtain a water agent, namely the organic harmless insecticide, and filling and storing.
In the above technical scheme, in the step a, water in an amount which is 15 times the mass of the dry ginkgo leaf powder is preferably added.
In the above technical scheme, in the step b, the dry rhododendron leaf powder, the dry chilli powder and the dry tobacco powder/dry sophora flavescens powder are preferably added with 10 times of water by mass respectively.
In the above technical scheme, in the step c, water in an amount which is 10 times the mass of the dry bitter apricot kernel and dry castor bean mixed powder is preferably added.
In the above technical scheme, in the step d, water in an amount which is 5 times the mass of the mashed garlic is preferably added. Mashing garlic to obtain mashed garlic, and the mashed garlic can be used by an appliance or manually.
In the above technical scheme, in the step (2), the leachate is prevented from spoiling during soaking, and the stirring frequency can be increased appropriately according to the situation.
In the technical scheme, in the step (3), the filter residue and the fine mud cannot be discarded, and the vegetables and crops which are used as the base fertilizer can remove underground insects and promote growth are rare organic fertilizers.
In the technical scheme, in the step (3), the organic harmless pesticide is filled and stored, even if precipitates exist, the pesticide is shaken up, the pesticide effect is not affected by spraying, and if the precipitates are removed, the organic harmless pesticide can be filtered or mechanically separated again. Filling the organic harmless insecticide, and storing in a cool, dry and ventilated place to prevent rain, sun and freeze; although the food is a harmless water agent, the food is not required to be stored and transported together with the diet; the product of the invention can be used for three years without mildewing and deterioration, can be normally used as long as no mildewing occurs after three years, and can be used by adding water at a proper amount.
The invention also provides application of the organic harmless insecticide in the aspects of preventing and controlling pests, underground pests, bacterial diseases or mycosis in vegetables, fruit trees, grain crops, flowers, lawns, trees and nurseries.
In the technical scheme, when the organic harmless insecticide is used for preventing and treating pests, bacterial diseases or mycoses in vegetables, fruit trees and grain crops, the organic harmless insecticide and clear water are mixed according to the ratio of 1: 8-10, and spraying the mixture on vegetables, fruit trees and grain crops.
In the technical scheme, when the organic harmless insecticide is used for preventing and controlling pests, bacterial diseases or mycoses in flowers, lawns, trees and nurseries, the organic harmless insecticide and clear water are mixed according to the ratio of 1:8 to 10, and spraying the mixture on flowers, lawns, trees and nursery gardens.
In the technical scheme, when the organic harmless insecticide is used for preventing and treating underground pests, bacterial diseases or mycoses of vegetables, the organic harmless insecticide and clear water are mixed according to the ratio of 1: 1-2, and irrigating the mixture at the root of the vegetable.
In the invention, the ginkgo leaves: the product is dry leaf of Ginkgo biloba L. of Ginkgo of Ginkgoaceae, collected in autumn when leaf is green, and dried in time; nature, flavor and meridian tropism: sweet, mild, astringent and mild; it enters heart and lung meridians. Ginkgo leaf and fruit. The root is rich in flavonoids. The ginkgolic acid is toxic, the content of the ginkgolic acid in the general leaves without deep processing reaches 3000-4000 pm, and particularly the ginkgolic acid is water-soluble and is completely toxic in one-time water. It can cause paroxysmal spasm, nerve paralysis, dilated pupil, and allergy when it is infused with tea. For example, when a person takes a medicine containing ginkgo leaf and fruit, the heart is damaged, and adverse reactions such as dizziness, headache, tinnitus, inappetence, nausea and the like can be caused if the dosage is too large or the time is long. Cabbage, green beans and other vegetables have cabbage caterpillars, aphids and yellow-pigmented insects, and the pests do not exist after being sprayed with ginkgo leaf soaking water for 1-2 times, and the killing rate is 80-90%.
In the invention, the rhododendron leaf has the following effects: the fallen leaves or semi-evergreen shrubs are collected in spring and autumn and are used fresh or dried in the sun. The chemical components are as follows: the leaves and twigs contain flavonoids, coumarins, organic acids, amino acids, volatile oil, etc., and the flavonoids include Rhododendron dauricum A and Rhododendron dauricum B, apple fern alcohol, apple fern glycoside and bouganin toxin; the rhododendron dauricum contains rhododendron flavonoid, and the rhododendron dauricum water decoction has different degrees of bacteria inhibiting (killing) effects on 11 pathogenic bacteria (such as golden yellow, staphylococcus albus, escherichia coli, pseudomonas marginalis, paratyphoid, dysentery bacillus and the like); farrerol significantly inhibited scalded inflammatory exudation in rats, and the intensity of the action against inflammatory exudation increased with increasing dose. When the goat eats about 500 g of azalea leaves in spring, the goat is poisoned, smells white foam, and dies if the goat is not rescued in time. The rhododendron leaf has a strange odor which can repel mosquitoes, flies and other flying insects.
In the invention, the castor beans have the characteristics of flavor, taste, channel tropism, sweetness, acridness, flatness and small toxicity, and enter large intestine, lung, spleen and liver channels. Has repercussive and toxic materials removing effects; the seeds contain protein, fatty oil, carbohydrate, phenolic substance, ricin, ricinine, etc. The ricin can kill an adult by poison if being injected or inhaled by about 500 micrograms, and can kill the adult if 1mg of ricin is swallowed, so that the pesticide is generally prepared by castor, has little toxicity to people and livestock, has little pollution to the environment, has low cost, good effect, safety and reliability, can be prepared by taking local materials, is a botanical pesticide, and can be widely used in the pollution-free cultivation of crops at present. 1 part of castor leaf powder is added with 8 to 10 times of water, and after being soaked for a plurality of hours, the castor leaf powder is poured to prevent and control cabbage radish root maggots; cutting castor roots and stems into pieces, adding 1000 ml of water, boiling for 30 minutes, filtering, and mixing according to the weight ratio of 1: 5, water is added for dilution, and the mixture is sprayed on vegetables, flowers and crops to kill aphids and mites; the castor leaves not only can kill insects, but also have certain inhibition effect on pathogenic bacteria of some crops, and the inhibition effect on wheat straw embroidery bacteria, summer spore germination and the like can reach 96.8 percent by using one part of castor dry leaf powder and adding 5 parts of boiling liquid; 5 times of the water immersion liquid has 73.7 percent of inhibition effect on wheat leaf embroidery bacteria. The castor plant pesticide not only can kill pests and cure diseases, but also has no harm to human and livestock, has long pesticide effect and is not easy to generate drug resistance.
In the invention, the bitter apricot seeds: the chemical components comprise amygdalin (amygdalin), fatty oil, amygdaline (emulsin), cyanidin, amygdalinase (amygdalas), primrose (panase) estrone, and alpha-estradiol. Bitter almond oil has the functions of expelling parasites and sterilizing, has the functions of killing ascarid and earthworm in human beings and resisting typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever bacilli in vitro tests, has the functions of resisting enterobiasis and trichomonas infection and treating aplastic anemia, shows obvious curative effect when amygdalin is used for treating rabbit bloodsucking disease hepatic fibrosis and rat hepatic fibrosis caused by carbon tetrachloride, and has the action mechanism related to the functions of increasing liver blood flow, improving the degradation activity of collagenase on collagen 1, III and IV and interfering the formation of blood sinus capillary vascularization by influencing the metabolism of collagen IV and laminin.
In the invention, the garlic contains protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamin. In addition, it also contains thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, allicin, citral, selenium, germanium, and other elements. The sulfur-containing compound in the garlic has extremely strong antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, has inhibition and killing effects on various cocci, bacilli, fungi, viruses and the like, and is one of the strongest antibacterial effects in natural plants found at present.
In the invention, the tobacco belongs to the whole plant of Nicotiana tabacum L of the plant of Nicotiana of Solanaceae, and is also called as follows: wild tobacco, acacia, soul return tobacco, bengal grass, star aniseed, tobacco wine, golden silk meadow, spreading hedyotis herb, cudweed herb, ground tobacco, golden chicken underfoot red, thin stalk mushroom, Sizuku, golden silk tobacco, golden silk meadow, thin meat, thin water lily, snuff, shisha, tobacco, greedy grass, Yanhe grass and soil tobacco; contains 1-9% of alkaloid, rutin, organic acid (malic acid, citric acid), fatty resin, inorganic substance, gamma-sitosterol glucoside, cycloartenol, etc., and has effects in promoting qi circulation, relieving pain, relieving swelling, removing toxic substance, and killing parasite.
In the invention, the radix sophorae flavescentis is bitter and cold in nature and enters heart, liver, stomach, large intestine and bladder channels. The efficacy is as follows: clearing heat, eliminating dampness, killing parasites, relieving itching, and promoting urination. The root contains various alkaloids, mainly matrine and oxymatrine, and small amount of matrine and ruelline, and flavonoids including kurarinone, hypo-kurarinone, and kurarinol. The kuh-seng alcohol extract and the alcohol extract have stronger inhibition effect on staphylococcus aureus; matrine is a natural botanical pesticide with low toxicity to human and livestock, is a broad-spectrum pesticide, and has the effects of contact poisoning and stomach poisoning. Has obvious control effect on armyworm, cabbage caterpillar, aphid and red spider on various crops.
In the invention, the pepper is the fruit of capsicum annuum L of solanaceae, has the effects of warming spleen and stomach for dispelling cold, descending qi and promoting digestion, and is mainly used for treating stomach cold and qi stagnation, abdominal distension, pain and vomiting, diarrhea, rheumatalgia, chilblain and the like. The capsicum contains rich capsicine alkaloids (named as capsicine Capsaicinoids) such as Capsaicin (capsaicine), Dihydrocapsaicin (dihydrocapsaicine), Nordihydrocapsaicin (nordihydrocapsaicine, Homocapsaicin (homocapsaicine) and Homodihydrocapsaicin (Homodihydrocapside) and the like, and plays a role of pungent taste, particularly, the Capsaicin generates irritant gas at high temperature, and the odor is disliked by pests such as aphids and small black flies, so that the capsicum water is sprayed to repel the pests such as aphids and small black flies and the like, so that the capsicum can kill insects, and the Capsaicin also has a remarkable inhibiting effect on ceroid bacteria and hay bacteria.
The insecticide of the invention effectively combines various raw materials together, can effectively kill and drive away pests or underground pests, can prevent and control bacterial diseases or mycosis such as mycosis, does not leave residual toxicity, and is harmless to human and livestock: when the pesticide is sprayed on vegetables and fruit trees, pests such as aphids, cabbage caterpillars, yellow rock worms, capped cattle (some pests are local soil names and not general names) and the like can be killed, so that the pesticide not only can kill insects, but also can treat bacterial diseases without residual toxicity; the spraying is also effective when being sprayed on grain crops such as cereals, potatoes and beans; when the pesticide is sprayed to flowers, lawns, trees and nursery gardens, the pesticide has the effects of controlling pests and bacteria, does not leave residual toxicity, and does not influence grazing; when irrigating roots to treat vegetables such as Chinese chives, Chinese cabbage and radish, it can treat underground insects and mycosis. The insect control agent can achieve 80-90% of killing rate when being sprayed and controlled on pests (such as cabbage caterpillar, aphid, yellow-skinned insect, soft insect, caterpillar, gecko, moth and the like), and can achieve 70-90% of killing rate when being irrigated to control underground pests (such as grub, mole cricket, cutworm, root maggot, fly maggot and the like); when the bacteria or the mold (such as powdery mildew, mildew and rust) is treated, the killing rate can reach 70-100%.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided, but the present invention is not limited to the following descriptions:
in the following embodiments of the present invention, application tools such as a field, a screening device, a crushing machine, a heating device, a soaking tank or a jar (tank), a filtering device (filter cloth, a filter screen), a packaging device, a storage room, and the like need to be prepared.
The invention will now be illustrated with reference to specific examples:
example 1:
an organic harmless insecticide, which comprises the following raw materials: two dry ginkgo leaves 2 (30 water used correspondingly), two dry rhododendron leaves 2 (20 water used correspondingly), two dry hot peppers 2 (20 water used correspondingly), two whole bodies (stems, leaves and seeds) 5 of dry tobacco (50 water used correspondingly), 1 jin of dry castor seeds, 1 jin of dry bitter apricot kernels (21 two in total and 210 water used correspondingly), 2 jin of fresh garlic 4 (120 water used correspondingly), and 45 jin of purified water (namely 450 two, the sum of all the above water).
Is prepared by the following method:
(1) crushing: screening raw materials, removing impurities and defective products in the raw materials, and then respectively carrying out the following crushing treatment on the raw materials:
firstly, respectively crushing the whole body of the dry rhododendron leaves, the dry peppers and the dry tobacco in the proportion to 80 meshes, and respectively sieving the crushed bodies with 80 meshes to obtain dry rhododendron leaf powder, dry pepper powder and dry tobacco powder for later use;
secondly, mixing the dry bitter apricot seeds and the dry castor seeds in the proportion, crushing the mixture into 80 meshes, and sieving the crushed mixture with an 80-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder of the dry bitter apricot seeds and the dry castor seeds for later use;
thirdly, crushing the dry ginkgo leaves to 50 meshes without sieving to obtain dry ginkgo leaf powder for later use;
fourthly, crushing the fresh garlic to obtain mashed garlic for later use;
(2) soaking: respectively soaking the powder obtained in the step (1) in the following steps:
a. adding 15 times of water into dry folium Ginkgo powder, heating to 40 + -1 deg.C, soaking for two weeks while keeping water temperature unchanged, stirring once every two days, and soaking to obtain folium Ginkgo leachate;
b. respectively adding 10 times of water into dry rhododendron leaf powder, dry chilli powder and dry tobacco powder, respectively heating to 40 +/-1 ℃, soaking for one week, keeping the water temperature unchanged during the soaking period, stirring once every day, and respectively obtaining rhododendron leaf leachate, chilli leachate and tobacco leachate after the soaking is finished;
c. adding 10 times of water into the mixed powder of the bitter apricot kernels and the dry castor seeds, heating to 60 +/-1 ℃, soaking for a week, keeping the water temperature unchanged during the soaking, stirring once a day, and obtaining the mixed leaching solution of the bitter apricot kernels and the castor seeds after the soaking is finished;
d. adding 5 times of water into mashed Bulbus Allii, heating to 40 + -1 deg.C, soaking for 48 hr while stirring for 1-2 times to obtain Bulbus Allii leachate;
(3) and (3) filtering: filtering folium Ginkgo leachate, folium Rhododendri Simsii leachate, Capsici fructus leachate, tobacco leachate, semen Armeniacae amarum and semen Ricini mixed leachate with 100 mesh filter cloth to remove residue, mixing the filtrates to obtain mixed solution; filtering the garlic leachate with 100-mesh filter cloth, adding the obtained garlic filtrate into the mixed solution, uniformly stirring to obtain a water agent, namely the organic harmless insecticide, and filling and storing.
Note that: during the soaking process, the leachate is not spoiled, and during the filtration, the filtration effect of the filter cloth is not obvious, so that a new filter cloth needs to be replaced.
Example 2:
an organic harmless insecticide, which comprises the following raw materials: 2 jin of dry ginkgo leaves, 2 jin of dry rhododendron leaves, 2 jin of dry hot peppers, 5 jin of dry sophora flavescens, 1 jin of dry castor seeds, 1 jin of dry bitter apricot seeds, 2 jin of fresh garlic and 4, and 45 jin of purified water; the preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
Application example 1:
cabbage grown in autumn in 2020 has cabbage worm, and white spots (bacterial diseases, local dry leaf diseases or Huala leaves) also grow on the leaves of the cabbage; the applicant adopts the organic harmless insecticide obtained in the embodiment 1 of the invention to control, and after the insecticide is uniformly blended according to the mass ratio of 1:8 of the water agent and the clear water and sprayed once, the killing rate is 90% after three days, and newly grown Chinese cabbage leaves have no dry white spots after half a month and are harvested in autumn.
Application example 2:
in 2020, capped cows (native names), yellow-face insects and aphids grow on potato leaves planted in summer, and an applicant adopts the organic harmless insecticide obtained in the embodiment 1 of the invention to control, and after the organic harmless insecticide is uniformly blended according to the mass ratio of 1:8 of water aqua and clear water and sprayed once, the capped cows, the yellow-face insects and the aphids are not seen after three days, and the total killing rate is 90%; later, in order to avoid the insect pest outbreak of the potatoes, the potatoes are sprayed once according to the method, and the potatoes are harvested after being sprayed twice.
Application example 3:
in 2020, the apple leaves grow caterpillars (native names) and mildew, and an applicant adopts the organic harmless insecticide obtained in the embodiment 1 of the invention to control, and after the insecticide is uniformly blended according to the mass ratio of 1:8 of water aqua and clear water and sprayed once, the caterpillars are invisible in five days, some dead insects fall under the trees, the killing rate is 90%, the mildew does not exist, and the degerming rate is 95%. Later, in order to avoid the outbreak of insect pests and bacterial diseases on apple trees, the apple trees are sprayed twice according to the method under the condition of good weather; the harvest season is reached after three times of spraying from spring to autumn.
Application example 4:
in 2020, the rose flowers grow caterpillars and large green soft insects, and the applicant adopts the organic harmless insecticide obtained in the embodiment 1 of the invention to control, and the insecticide is uniformly blended and sprayed according to the mass ratio of 1:8 of the aqueous solution and clear water, and the killing rate of the insecticide on the caterpillars and the large green soft insects is 90% after three days.
Later, the powdery mildew on the leaves and stems of the flowers and the stems of the plants are sprayed by the same method, and after five days, the sterilization rate is 95 percent.
Application example 5:
in 2020, the root of Chinese chive grows small white maggots, the applicant adopts the organic harmless insecticide obtained in the embodiment 1 of the invention to prevent and control, the root is irrigated once by adding water in the ratio of 1:1 of the aqueous solution, and after 10 days, the killing rate of the small white maggots is 95%.
No matter the insecticidal effect of the chemical pesticide is gradually reduced, the chemical pesticide is not only a quality problem but also a pest resistance problem, and the pesticide prepared by the plant of the invention is not easy to generate resistance.
Compared with the commercial insecticide, the insecticide of the invention is more economical and practical: take 1 part as an example (jin in market). Seven raw materials can be prepared by 6.1 jin, 45 jin of water agent is added with eight times of water, 360 jin is diluted, 90 jin of diluent is used per mu, and 4 mu can be used. The raw material consumption is 19.5 yuan, the processing cost is 0.5 yuan, the labor cost is 10 yuan, the total amount is 30 yuan, and the average amount is 7.5 yuan per mu. The content of the cyhalothrin is 100 ml, 8 yuan per bottle, 1 mu of 1 bottle is insufficient, and about 12 yuan per mu is half of one bottle.
The invention takes the following precautions when using the insecticide: 1. the liquid has a smell, and when the liquid is used, the mask can be worn, and the smell can expel insects, but the liquid does not pollute the natural environment. 2. The product is irritant, and has a slight burning sensation, so that the growing of dry and white spots on the leaves has no influence on the new leaves, so the water amount and the spraying amount need to be paid attention to when in use. 3. When the agent is sprayed, the agent is needed to be sprayed in the windy weather and can not be sprayed in two hours before and after raining. 4. The children can not drink the tea by mistake, and the children can timely seek medical attention if the children drink too much water. 5. The flower and fruit trees do not need to be used when the flowers and the fruit trees bloom. 6. If the liquid medicine is carelessly put into eyes and washed by clean water, the eyes are generally not disturbed. 7. The experimental data of the present invention are based on observations.
The above examples are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An organic harmless insecticide is characterized by being prepared by crushing, soaking and filtering the following raw materials in parts by weight into an aqueous solution:
1-3 parts of dry ginkgo leaves, 1-3 parts of dry rhododendron leaves, 9-11 parts of dry castor beans, 10-12 parts of dry bitter apricot kernels, 1-3 parts of dry hot peppers, 4-6 parts of dry tobacco or dry radix sophorae flavescentis, 23-25 parts of fresh garlic and 583 parts of water 331 and materials.
2. The organic harmless insecticide as claimed in claim 1, wherein said raw materials comprise 1-3 parts of dry ginkgo leaves, 1-3 parts of dry rhododendron leaves, 9-11 parts of dry castor beans, 10-12 parts of dry bitter apricot seeds, 1-3 parts of dry hot peppers, 4-6 parts of dry tobacco, 23-25 parts of fresh garlic and 583 parts of water 331-.
3. The organic harmless insecticide as claimed in claim 2, wherein said raw materials comprise 2 parts of dried ginkgo leaves, 2 parts of dried rhododendron leaves, 10 parts of dried castor beans, 11 parts of dried bitter apricot seeds, 2 parts of dried hot pepper, 5 parts of dried tobacco, 24 parts of fresh garlic and 450 parts of water.
4. The organic harmless insecticide as claimed in claim 1, wherein said dried tobacco is whole body of tobacco, including stem, leaf and flower seed bag of tobacco.
5. The organic harmless insecticide according to claim 1, wherein said water is purified water.
6. A method for preparing an organic harmless insecticide according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) crushing: screening raw materials, removing impurities and defective products in the raw materials, and then respectively carrying out the following crushing treatment on the raw materials:
crushing the dry rhododendron leaves, the dry hot peppers and the dry tobacco/the dry radix sophorae flavescentis in the proportion to 80 meshes respectively, and sieving the crushed dry rhododendron leaves, the dried hot peppers and the dry tobacco powder/the dry radix sophorae flavescentis respectively through 80 meshes to obtain dry rhododendron leaf powder, dry chilli powder and dry tobacco powder/dry radix sophorae flavescentis powder for later use;
secondly, mixing the dry bitter apricot seeds and the dry castor seeds in the proportion, crushing the mixture into 80 meshes, and sieving the crushed mixture with an 80-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder of the dry bitter apricot seeds and the dry castor seeds for later use;
thirdly, crushing the dry ginkgo leaves to 50 meshes without sieving to obtain dry ginkgo leaf powder for later use;
fourthly, crushing the fresh garlic to obtain mashed garlic for later use;
(2) soaking: respectively soaking the powder obtained in the step (1) in the following steps:
a. adding 14-16 times of water into dry folium Ginkgo powder, heating to 40 + -1 deg.C, soaking for two weeks while keeping water temperature unchanged, stirring once every two days, and soaking to obtain folium Ginkgo leachate;
b. adding water 9-11 times the weight of the dry rhododendron leaf powder, the dry chilli powder and the dry tobacco powder/the dry radix sophorae flavescentis powder respectively, heating to 40 +/-1 ℃, soaking for one week, keeping the water temperature unchanged during the soaking, stirring once every day, and obtaining rhododendron leaf leachate, pepper leachate and tobacco/radix sophorae flavescentis leachate respectively after the soaking is finished;
c. adding water 9-11 times the weight of the mixed powder of the bitter apricot seeds and the dry castor seeds, heating to 60 +/-1 ℃, soaking for a week, keeping the water temperature unchanged during the soaking, stirring once a day, and obtaining the mixed leaching solution of the bitter apricot seeds and the castor seeds after the soaking is finished;
d. adding 4-6 times of water into mashed Bulbus Allii, heating to 40 + -1 deg.C, soaking for 24-48 hr while stirring for 1-2 times while maintaining the water temperature, and collecting Bulbus Allii leachate after soaking;
(3) and (3) filtering: firstly, filtering ginkgo leaf leachate, rhododendron leaf leachate, pepper leachate, tobacco/radix sophorae flavescentis leachate, bitter apricot kernel and castor bean mixed leachate by using 100-mesh filter cloth or filter screen, and uniformly stirring the filtrates to obtain mixed liquor; filtering the garlic leachate by using a filter cloth or a filter screen of 100 meshes, uniformly mixing the garlic filtrate and the mixed solution to obtain a water agent, namely the organic harmless insecticide, and filling and storing.
7. Use of an organic harmless pesticide according to any one of claims 1 to 5 for controlling pests, soil pests, bacterial diseases or mycoses in vegetables, fruit trees, food crops, flowers, lawns, trees, nurseries.
8. The use of claim 7, wherein the organic harmless pesticide is mixed with clear water according to a ratio of 1: 8-10, and spraying the mixture on vegetables, fruit trees and grain crops.
9. The use of claim 7, wherein the organic harmless pesticide is mixed with clear water in a ratio of 1:8 to 10, and spraying the mixture on flowers, lawns, trees and nursery gardens.
10. The use of claim 7, wherein the organic harmless pesticide is mixed with clear water according to the ratio of 1: 1-2, and irrigating the mixture at the root of the vegetable.
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Application publication date: 20210525 |