CN112779346B - 一种非诊断目的的dcas9介导检测结核杆菌的免疫层析方法 - Google Patents
一种非诊断目的的dcas9介导检测结核杆菌的免疫层析方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种非诊断目的的dcas9介导检测结核杆菌的免疫层析方法,包括:步骤1,针对结核杆菌特异性靶序列设计特异性引物及sgRNA序列;步骤2,取待测样本DNA,并加入5'端标有生物素的引物,进行RPA核酸扩增,得到扩增产物;步骤3,在扩增产物里加入dcas9蛋白及sgRNA进行反应,形成dcas9/sgRNA/结核杆菌DNA‑biotin复合物;步骤4,将反应产物加入免疫层析试纸条,即可判读结果。本发明通过信号放大后,由sgRNA/dcas9复合物再次识别靶标基因,特异性高,稳定性强,灵敏度高;且当靶标基因改变时,只需要更换引物及sgRNA序列,免疫层析试纸条则可以通用,可扩展性强。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物检测技术领域,涉及一种非诊断目的检测结核杆菌的免疫层析方法。
背景技术
核酸检测通常结合扩增技术,将微量的特异性核酸序列放大到能够被仪器检测到的水平。传统的核酸检测有聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR) 和逆转录-聚合酶链反应(Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction,RT-PCR),前者扩增DNA,后者则扩增RNA,是目前临床应用最广泛的分子诊断技术。PCR 技术核酸扩增分三个基本反应步骤,分别是变性、退火(复性)和延伸,每完成一次这三个步骤为一个循环,一般需要进行几十个循环,耗时2至3个小时,且需要精准的温度和时间控制。RPA核酸扩增技术是一种在等温条件(37℃)下, 5-30分钟之内就可以达到目的基因扩增放大几百万倍的等温扩增技术,相比较于 PCR核酸扩增技术更快速,更易操作,有更宽阔的应用场景。
免疫层析技术是基于抗原抗体特异性免疫反应的新型膜检测技术。该技术以固定有检测线(包被抗体或包被抗原)和质控线(抗抗体)的条状纤维层析材料为固定相,测试液为流动相,胶体金标记抗体或抗原固定于连接垫,通过毛细管作用使待分析物在层析条上移动。检测快速,方便,结果肉眼可见,具有良好的临床应用前景和意义。
CRISPR-Cas9是细菌和古细菌在长期演化过程中形成的一种适应性免疫防御,可用来对抗入侵的病毒及外源DNA。而CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑技术,则是对靶向基因进行特定DNA修饰的技术,这项技术也是目前用于基因编辑中前沿的方法。CRISPR-Cas9 是基因组调控技术中灵活性最强的系统之一。Cas9 的核酸酶剪切活性取决于两个结构域:RuvC和HNH。这两个结构域分别负责切割 DNA链的两条链,并且这两个结构域能够单独地被人工点突变失活。当 RuvC 和HNH 同时处于失活状态时 ( D10A&H840A; RuvC-&HNH-),Cas9 将不具有核酸酶活性,成为 dCas9(deadCas9) 。dCas9 虽然没有剪切 DNA 的能力,但仍然可以在gRNA 的引导下与特定的 DNA 序列结合。
结核病(tuberculosis, TB)是由结核分枝杆菌引起的慢性感染性疾病,可危及机体多个器官、系统。根据 2018 年世界卫生组织全球结核病报告,2017年世界新增结核病例约 1000 万例,是全球公共卫生面临的最严峻挑战之一。目前检测布鲁氏菌病和结核病的方法是利用实验室检查及检验,主要包括血清检验法、分子生物学检验法等。近年来,一系列基于杂交、扩增和测序的新型技术不断涌现,既缩短了检测周期,降低了检测成本,又极大提高了病原微生物检测的准确度和灵敏度,但还没有一种单一技术可同时满足简便快速、高灵敏、高准确度、方便实用等要求。
本发明将CRISPR/Cas系统、RPA核酸扩增技术和免疫层析技术结合,建立一种快速、特异地非诊断目的检测结核杆菌的免疫层析方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种非诊断目的检测结核杆菌的免疫层析方法,该方法采用RPA等温扩增结合CRISPR/Cas9系统建立快速检测靶标核酸的的免疫层析方法,特异性好,灵敏度高,可靠性好。为达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:一种非诊断目的检测结核杆菌的免疫层析方法,包括以下几个步骤:
步骤(1),针对结核杆菌特异性靶基因设计特异性引物及sgRNA序列,特异性引物由引物F和引物R组成,特异性引物的5'端标记生物素,sgRNA的识别序列位于扩增产物内部,特异性引物F序列为:5’-CTATCAGCTTGTTGGTGGGGTGACGGCCTACC-3’,特异性引物R序列为:5’-CATTGTGCAATATTCCCCACTGCTGCCTCC-3’,sgRNA序列为:GCCACACUGGGACUGAGAUAGUUUUAGAGCUAGAAAUAGCAAGUUAAAAUAAGGCUAGUCCGUUAUCAACUUGAAAAAGUGGCACCGAGUCGGUGCUUUU;
步骤(2),利用RPA等温核酸扩增技术,取待测样本DNA,并加入步骤(1)中5'端标有生物素的特异性引物,进行RPA核酸扩增,得到扩增产物;
步骤(3),结合CRISPR/Cas9系统,在扩增产物里加入dcas9蛋白及步骤(1)中的sgRNA序列进行反应,形成dcas9/sgRNA/结核杆菌DNA-biotin蛋白核酸复合物;
步骤(4),将步骤(3)中的反应产物加入免疫层析试纸条,即可判读结果:若试纸条T线和C线均有红色条带,表明是阳性样品;若试纸条C线有带,T线无带,表明是阴性样品;若试纸条C线无带,则检测无效,需要重复检测。
进一步的,上述步骤(2)中,RPA核酸扩增体系为:10 uM引物F 2.4 ul,10 uM引物R2.4 ul,RPA-reacting Buffer 29.5 ul,待测样本5 ul,280 nM MgOAC 2.5 ul,RNaseFree Water 8.2 ul。
进一步的,上述步骤(3)中,CRISPR体系为:等温扩增产物 50 ul,100 ng/u dcas94-8 ul,100 ng/ul sgRNA 4-8 ul,10X-Reacting Buffer 10 ul,20 U/μL SUPERase•In™RNase Inhibitor 5 ul,加RNase Free Water 至100 ul。
本发明免疫层析试纸条包括依次相连接的吸水垫、基膜、金标垫和样品垫;基膜上设置有C线和T线,C线上包被有抗抗体,T线上包被有链酶亲和素;金标垫中含有胶体金标记的dcas9抗体(见图 1)。
采用上述技术方案,技术原理为:(1)若为阳性样品,随着信号扩增,扩增产物会被标记上生物素;(2)利用dCas9在 gRNA 的引导下与特定的 DNA 序列结合的工作原理,被生物素标记的扩增产物与dcas9蛋白/sgRNA共同孵育下形成dcas9/sgRNA/结核杆菌DNA-biotin复合物;(3)随着检测液横向流动,胶体金标记dcas9抗体识别步骤(2)中复合物,形成胶体金dcas9抗体/dcas9/sgRNA/结核杆菌DNA-biotin,检测T线为链酶亲和素,特异性识别biotin,如此,T线特异性截留带胶体金标记的复合物,形成红色条带,分析T线与C线条带情况即可鉴别样本的阳性情况。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)本发明通过等温扩增方法对结核杆菌特异性靶序列引物扩增放大信号后,再由sgRNA/dcas9复合物二次特异性识别靶标基因,双重特异识别程序使靶标基因的检测特异性高,稳定性强。(2)本发明建立的检测方法检出限达1 copies/ul,灵敏度高。(3)本发明检测方法所检测靶基因改变时只需要更换引物及sgRNA序列,免疫层析试纸条则可以通用,可扩展性强。(4)本发明检测快速、无需大型仪器,肉眼可读的结果呈现方式使得应用方便、广泛。
附图说明
图1免疫层析试纸条示意图;其中1:底板;2:样品垫;3:金标垫,含有金标dcas9抗体;4:检测线(T线),含有链霉亲和素;5:对照线(C线),含有抗抗体(二抗);6:反应膜;7:吸水垫。
图2结核杆菌质粒检测结果。
具体实施方式
为了充分了解本发明的目的、特征及效果,下面结合附图、实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但本发明的保护范围不局限于下面的实施例。
试剂及耗材:
dcas9蛋白(近岸蛋白;E368-01A)、链酶亲和素(sigma;85878-1MG)、dCas9抗体(Abcam;Ab204448)、RPA试剂盒(TwistDx Limited;TABAS03KIT)、SUPERase•In ™ RNaseInhibitor(ThermoFisher;AM2694);T7 Transcription Kit(Thermo Fisher,AM1322);硝酸纤维素膜、玻璃纤维膜:购自德国赛多利斯公司(SARTORIUS)。结核杆菌扩增模板质粒、引物及sgRNA委托南京金斯瑞公司合成。
实施例 1
1、结核杆菌扩增模板质粒、引物及sgRNA及合成。
结核杆菌扩增模板克隆至PUC57;其序列如下:
GCCCGCGGCCTATCAGCTTGTTGGTGGGGTGACGGCCTACCAAGGCGACGACGGGTAGCCGGCCTGAGAGGGTGTCCGGCCACACTGGGACTGAGATACGGCCCAGACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTGGGGAATATTGCACAATGGGCGCAAGCC(SEQ ID NO:4)。
根据结核杆菌扩增靶序列的特点,利用麻省理工大学张锋教授实验室提供的在线网站(http : //crispr.mit.edu /)分析可能的 sgRNA位点(PAM 序列为NGG)并筛选最优sgRNA核心序列;在已选定的sgRNA核心序列上下游约80-150bp范围内设计RPA扩增引物;并利用NCBI中的Primer-BLAST功能对引物进行分析比对,(比对网站为:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/primer-blast/),以保证序列唯一性。所设计的引物5'端由生物素标记(biotin)。
RPA引物设计遵循以下原则:
(1)5’端3-5个核苷酸避免聚鸟嘌呤,最好是胞嘧啶,可以促进重组;
(2)3’的3个核苷酸选择G或者C,有助于聚合酶稳定性;
(3)避免出现引物中出现聚嘌呤或者聚嘧啶;
(4)GC含量控制在30%-70%,引物长度控制在30-35个碱基范围内。
根据上述原则,结核杆菌扩增特异性靶标的引物及sgRNA序列如下:
F: biotin-5’- CTATCAGCTTGTTGGTGGGGTGACGGCCTACC -3’(SEQ ID NO:1);
R: biotin-5’- CATTGTGCAATATTCCCCACTGCTGCCTCC -3’(SEQ ID NO:2);
sgRNA:GCCACACUGGGACUGAGAUAGUUUUAGAGCUAGAAAUAGCAAGUUAAAAUAAGGCUAGUCCGUUAUCAACUUGAAAAAGUGGCACCGAGUCGGUGCUUUU(SEQ ID NO:3)。
将上述结核杆菌扩增模板序列、引物及sgRNA委托南京金斯瑞公司合成。
2、 RPA扩增。
将步骤2中所述质粒浓度提取并调整为500 copies/ul、50copies/ul、1copies/ul、RNase Free Water(0 copies/ul 阴性对照)四个分组,并按照下列表1配制RPA扩增反应体系,37-42℃下进行反应20-30分钟获得等温扩增产物。
表1
组分 | 用量 |
Primer—Forward(10 uM) | 2.4 ul |
Primer—Reverse(10 uM) | 2.4 ul |
RPA-reacting Buffer | 29.5 ul |
待测样本质粒(DNA) | 5 ul |
MgOAC (280 nM) | 2.5 ul |
RNase Free Water | 8.2 ul |
Total | 50ul |
3、RPA扩增产物与dcas9、sgRNA反应。
将RPA扩增产物与dcas9、sgRNA按照下列表2配制CRISPR反应体系,37℃反应5-10分钟获得dcas9/sgRNA/结核杆菌DNA-biotin复合物。
表2
组分 | 用量 |
等温扩增产物 | 50 ul |
dcas9 (100 ng/ul) | 4-8 ul |
sgRNA(100 ng/ul) | 4-8 ul |
10X-Reacting Buffer | 10 ul |
SUPERase•In™ RNase Inhibitor (20 U/μL) | 5 ul |
RNase Free Water | To 100 ul |
4 、结果检测。
将步骤(3)中带有复合物的反应液加入免疫层析试纸条,即可判读结果:若试纸条T线和C线均有红色条带,表明是阳性样品;若试纸条C线有带,T线无带,表明是阴性样品;若试纸条C线无带,则检测无效,需要重复检测。结核杆菌质粒检测结果见图 2 。结果显示,在结核杆菌扩增模板拷贝数为1copies/ul时依然能准确的检测出,表明该方法的灵敏性和可靠性。
实施例2
1、两步还原法制备胶体金。
a)氯金酸溶液第一次还原:将6ml 0.0164mol/L的HAuCL4水溶液加入200ml双蒸水中,煮沸30分钟,缓慢搅拌并加入50ml 0.016mol/L柠檬酸三钠溶液,以30kHZ的频率超声振荡2分钟,冷却至室温,得到15nm粒径的胶体金原核溶液;
b)氯金酸溶液第二次还原:取第一次还原后得到的胶体金原核溶液26ml在4℃条件下,加入4℃预冷后的0.035mol/L的HAuCL4溶液,缓慢搅拌并以每秒1-2滴的速度滴加4℃预冷后的0.018mol/L的抗坏血酸与0.138g/L PVP混合液,反应1小时至溶液呈现透明酒红色,即得到40nm粒径的胶体金溶液。
2、dCas9抗体胶体金预处理。
a)将dCas9抗体用0.1M pH7.8的磷酸盐缓冲液稀释至浓度1mg/ml;
b)将1000ml胶体金溶液与含有500u/ml RNA酶抑制剂的100ml0.1M pH7.8的磷酸盐缓冲液混合,快速搅拌3分钟。之后,以每秒1-2滴的速度滴加稀释后的dCas9抗体溶液8ml,缓慢搅拌室温反应5分钟;
c)在上述反应液中快速加入20ml 10wt%的牛血清白蛋白溶液,缓慢搅拌室温反应5分钟;
d)将获得的溶液8000rpm/min离心20分钟,取沉淀,并收集上清,将上清12500rpm/min离心30分钟,取沉淀。将两次沉淀合并用含有0.1wt%BSA的硼酸缓冲液复溶到OD540值为14。
3、胶体金纸制备。
a)喷金缓冲液制备:在800ml双蒸水中加入100ml 1.0M Tris溶液,调pH至8.5。在溶液中加入3g聚乙二醇20000,2g牛血清白蛋白,2g脱脂牛奶,3g酪蛋白和0.5g叠氮钠,充分溶解,至总体积1000ml;
b)用喷金缓冲液稀释dCas9抗体胶体金,至溶液OD540值为2;
c)取7ml Tween-20,160g蔗糖,用双蒸水定容至1L,配置成玻璃纤维膜预处理液。用每30ml预处理液浸泡玻璃纤维膜261mm*220mm 30分钟后,至37℃干燥;再用OD540值为2的dCas9-gRNA胶体金溶液喷涂玻璃纤维膜,每261mm*220mm的玻璃纤维膜上喷涂20ml,干燥,制得dCas9抗体胶体金纸。
4、含检测线及质控线硝酸纤维素膜的制备。
a)将抗抗体用磷酸盐缓冲液稀释成0.5mg/ml,制得质控线(C线)溶液。所述C线上包被的抗抗体是由0.1-5mg/mL的浓度,以1- 10μL/cm的喷涂速度通过喷金点膜机喷涂在C线上干燥后得到的;
b)将链酶亲和素定量为0.5mg/ml,制得检测线(T线)溶液。所述T线上包被的链酶亲和素以1-10μL/cm的喷涂速度通过喷金点膜机喷涂在T线上干燥后得到的;
c)用点膜机喷点C、T线溶液,每1m长硝酸纤维素膜分别包被有1ml的C线和T线溶液,C线和T线间距6mm;
d)将滤样纸、dCas9抗体胶体金纸片、硝酸纤维素膜、吸水纸依次黏贴在胶板上,切割成宽度为4mm的试剂条。
序列表
<110> 重庆威斯腾前沿生物研究院有限责任公司
<120> 一种dcas9介导检测结核杆菌的免疫层析方法
<160> 4
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 32
<212> DNA
<213> 2 Ambystoma laterale x Ambystoma jeffersonianum
<400> 1
ctatcagctt gttggtgggg tgacggccta cc 32
<210> 2
<211> 30
<212> DNA
<213> 2 Ambystoma laterale x Ambystoma jeffersonianum
<400> 2
cattgtgcaa tattccccac tgctgcctcc 30
<210> 3
<211> 100
<212> RNA
<213> 2 Ambystoma laterale x Ambystoma jeffersonianum
<400> 3
gccacacugg gacugagaua guuuuagagc uagaaauagc aaguuaaaau aaggcuaguc 60
cguuaucaac uugaaaaagu ggcaccgagu cggugcuuuu 100
<210> 4
<211> 155
<212> DNA
<213> 2 Ambystoma laterale x Ambystoma jeffersonianum
<400> 4
gcccgcggcc tatcagcttg ttggtggggt gacggcctac caaggcgacg acgggtagcc 60
ggcctgagag ggtgtccggc cacactggga ctgagatacg gcccagactc ctacgggagg 120
cagcagtggg gaatattgca caatgggcgc aagcc 155
Claims (4)
1.一种非诊断目的检测结核杆菌的免疫层析方法,其特征在于:包括以下几个步骤:
步骤(1),针对结核杆菌特异性靶标序列设计特异性引物及sgRNA序列,所述特异性引物由引物F和引物R组成,所述特异性引物的5'端标记生物素,所述sgRNA的识别序列位于扩增产物内部,所述特异性引物F序列为:5’-CTATCAGCTTGTTGGTGGGGTGACGGCCTACC-3’,所述特异性引物R序列为:5’-CATTGTGCAATATTCCCCACTGCTGCCTCC-3’,所述sgRNA序列为:GCCACACUGGGACUGAGAUAGUUUUAGAGCUAGAAAUAGCAAGUUAAAAUAAGGCUAGUCCGUUAUCAACUUGAAAAAGUGGCACCGAGUCGGUGCUUUU;
步骤(2),利用RPA等温核酸扩增技术,取待测样本DNA,并加入步骤(1)中5'端标有生物素的特异性引物,进行RPA核酸扩增,得到扩增产物;
步骤(3),结合CRISPR/Cas9系统,在扩增产物里加入dcas9蛋白及步骤(1)中的sgRNA序列进行反应,形成dcas9/sgRNA/结核杆菌DNA-biotin蛋白核酸复合物;
步骤(4),将步骤(3)中的反应产物加入免疫层析试纸条,即可判读结果:若试纸条T线和C线均有红色条带,表明是阳性样品;若试纸条C线有带,T线无带,表明是阴性样品;若试纸条C线无带,则检测无效,需要重复检测。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种非诊断目的检测结核杆菌的免疫层析方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中, RPA核酸扩增体系为:10 uM引物F 2.4 μL,10 uM引物R 2.4 μL,RPA-reacting Buffer 29.5 μL,待测样本5 μL,280 nM MgOAC 2.5 μL,RNase Free Water 8.2μL。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种非诊断目的检测结核杆菌的免疫层析方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中,CRISPR体系为:等温扩增产物 50 μL,100 ng/μL dcas9 4-8 μL,100 ng/μLsgRNA 4-8 μL,10X-Reacting Buffer 10 μL,20 U/μL SUPERase•In™ RNase Inhibitor5 μL,加RNase Free Water至100 μL 。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种非诊断目的检测结核杆菌的免疫层析方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中,免疫层析试纸条包括依次相连接的吸水垫、基膜、金标垫和样品垫;所述基膜上设置有C线和T线,所述C线上包被有抗抗体,所述T线上包被有链酶亲和素;所述金标垫中含有胶体金标记的dcas9抗体。
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