CN112772574A - Method for breeding earthworms based on deer feces - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/0332—Earthworms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
- A23K20/137—Heterocyclic compounds containing two hetero atoms, of which at least one is nitrogen
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
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Abstract
A method for breeding earthworms based on deer feces comprises the steps of fermenting feed and inoculating and breeding earthworms, wherein the feed fermentation is to pretreat a mixture of the deer feces and corn straws by using ionic liquid [ AMIM ] Cl, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is 20-35: 1, then add water and stir, add a composite fermentation microbial inoculum consisting of bacillus subtilis, white rot fungi, aspergillus niger and trichoderma reesei and plant ash to obtain a mixed base material, ferment for 8-12 days to obtain fermented feed, then insolate the fermented feed, add water and stir, place for 3 days to fully soak the fermented feed, keep the water content of the fermented feed at 60-65%, and then inoculate young earthworms for breeding; the earthworm cultivated by the fermented feed prepared by the invention has a fast growth rate, the growth of young earthworms into adult earthworms with reproductive capacity only needs 28 days, the incubation of earthworm cocoons only needs 11 days, the daily reproductive multiple is 0.424%, the daily gain multiple is 0.127%, and the average number of produced cocoons of each earthworm is 16.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of earthworm breeding, in particular to a method for breeding earthworms based on deer feces.
Background
With the continuous development of social economy and the continuous improvement of agricultural production level and farmer living level, human beings inevitably generate a lot of wastes, especially agricultural solid wastes such as crop straws, livestock and poultry manure and the like while developing and utilizing natural resources to carry out socialized mass production. China is a traditional big agricultural country and is also the country with the largest output of agricultural wastes in the world, according to incomplete statistics, the annual straw output of China reaches 10 hundred million tons, the comprehensive utilization rate is less than 75 percent due to scattered straw distribution, large volume, high collection and transportation cost and the like, and even the phenomenon of straw burning still exists, thus causing certain resource waste and environmental pollution. Meanwhile, with the development of scale and intensification of the livestock breeding industry, the production of livestock and poultry manure increases from days, and the annual production of manure in China exceeds 38 hundred million tons. The comprehensive utilization rate is about 60 percent.
Earthworms, commonly known as earthworms, live in the soil and eat fresh or semi-decomposed organic substances which are swallowed together with the soil during the daytime and night. The earthworm culture product mainly comprises earthworms and earthworm feces, the earthworm body contains rich protein, the dry body content reaches 70 percent, the fresh body content reaches 42 percent, the earthworm culture product is an excellent animal protein feed for livestock, poultry and fish, and the earthworm body can be further processed for medicine extraction and can treat various diseases; the wormcast is a high-quality organic fertilizer and is rich in elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like. Earthworms and wormcast have been proven to have considerable economic value.
Although earthworms can decompose organic wastes by using self-abundant enzyme systems (protease, lipase, cellulase, amylase and the like) and convert the organic wastes into easily-utilized nutrient substances, if feeds which are not fermented are directly fed to the earthworms, the earthworms refuse to eat due to aversion to harmful gases such as ammonia gas and the like, then high temperature (up to 60-80 ℃) is generated due to natural fermentation of the feeds, and a large amount of methane, ammonia gas and the like are discharged, so that the earthworms refuse to eat, escape and even die in a large amount. The deer feces release less ammonia, so that the method is more friendly to the growth of earthworms. However, the deer feces as the earthworm feed has long fermentation time (about 15-20 days for complete fermentation), is difficult to ferment and mature, and nutrient components in the deer feces are difficult to be efficiently absorbed by earthworms. If the livestock and poultry manure and the straws are pretreated in advance, the palatability of the earthworms can be improved, the rapid growth and the propagation of the earthworms are facilitated, the yield of the earthworms is improved, and the economic benefit of earthworm cultivation is increased. Deer feces and straws are effectively degraded and converted by microorganisms, but due to the complex structures of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose in the straws, the crystallinity of lignocellulose is high, intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds and van der waals force action exist, so that the accessibility of the cellulose by the cellulase is low, the degradation efficiency is low, the fermentation is difficult, and the growth and the propagation of earthworms are slow.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for breeding earthworms based on deer feces, which effectively promotes the growth and the propagation of the earthworms and improves the weight of the earthworms and the cocoon production and hatching capacity of the earthworm cocoons.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for breeding earthworms based on deer feces is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of fermenting the feed and inoculating and breeding earthworms, wherein the feed fermentation is to pretreat a mixture of deer manure and corn straws by using ionic liquid [ AMIM ] Cl (1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride), the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is 20-35: 1, add water and stir, add a composite fermentation microbial inoculum consisting of bacillus subtilis, white rot fungi, aspergillus niger and trichoderma reesei and plant ash to obtain a mixed base material, ferment for 8-12 days to obtain a fermented feed, expose the fermented feed to the sun, add water and stir, stand for 3 days to fully soak the fermented feed, keep the water content of the fermented feed at 60-65%, and then inoculate young earthworms for breeding.
Further, the preservation number of the Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) is CGMCC 1.15792, the preservation number of the white rot fungi (Phanerochaete chrysosporium) is ACCC30942, the preservation number of the Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) is CGMCC 3.17612, and the preservation number of the Trichoderma reesei (Trichoderma reesei) is CGMCC 3.5218.
The strain can be purchased from China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) and China agricultural microbiological culture Collection center (ACCC).
Preferably, the deer manure and the corn straw are mixed according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25-35: 1.
Further, the mass ratio of the composite fermentation inoculant to the mixture is 0.03-0.05: 1, and the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis, the white rot fungi, the aspergillus niger and the trichoderma reesei is 1:1:1: 1.
Further, the pretreatment is to crush the dried corn straws into small sections of 1-2 cm, mix the small sections with the deer feces, add 0.4-0.6% of ionic liquid [ AMIM ] [ Cl ] in mass fraction, stir, and stand at normal temperature for 1-2 hours.
Preferably, the mass fraction of ionic liquid [ AMIM ] Cl is 0.5%.
Further, after the above pretreatment, the mixture was filtered, water was added to the mixture in a volume corresponding to 1/2 of the volume of the filtrate to be filtered, so that the concentration of the ionic liquid was diluted.
The field knows that the ionic liquid is used for pretreating corn straws to remove lignin, dissolve cellulose and regenerate and convert cellulose which is difficult to degrade into cellulose which is easy to degrade, but the lignin and the hemicellulose in the corn straws can be removed, so that the lignin and the hemicellulose can not be well utilized, and a large amount of ionic liquid can cause the activity of enzyme in a subsequent microbial inoculum to be reduced, so that the effect of high-efficiency degradation can not be achieved, and the fermentation process can be inhibited. In addition, the earthworms like to be wet, the humidity of the cultivation is 60-70%, the air permeability of the feed is enhanced by adding the corn straws, but the water retention capacity of the earthworms is not high, the moisture in the straws can seep downwards under the action of gravity, so that the moisture in the feed is not uniformly distributed, the moisture below the feed is more, the moisture above the feed is less, and when the moisture is supplemented according to the humidity of the feed above the feed in the cultivation process, the humidity below the feed is higher and higher, the moisture is retained and accumulated, the air permeability is poor, and the growth of the earthworms is inhibited.
The invention uses low concentration ionic liquid [ AMIM]Cl (1-allyl-3-methylimidazole chloride) is used for treating deer manure and corn straws at normal temperature, so that the straws are not dissolved, but have the function of moistening the deer manure and the corn straws, thereby ensuring that lignocellulose in the corn straws is effectively reserved, water is added after filtering to further dilute the concentration of ionic liquid permeated in the deer manure and the corn straws, so that the enzyme activity of partial enzyme generated by the composite microbial inoculum is improved in the concentration of the ionic liquid, the use of the microbial inoculum is reduced, the rapid fermentation of the moistened deer manure and the straws is promoted, and the fermentation time of the feed is shortened; in addition, a small amount of fly ash is added in the straw fermentation method, capillary pores are refined, water infiltration in straws is reduced, and a large amount of CO is generated in the fermentation process through wetting of ionic liquid and fermentation of a composite microbial inoculum2The bubbles block the continuity of capillary pores with a hydrophobic function in the feed, so that water is left in the straws, the downward permeation is blocked, and the water retention capacity of the feed is improved.
Further, the fermentation is to ferment the mixed base material pile, measure the temperature once a day, maintain the temperature for 2 days after the temperature rises to 60-70 ℃, turn the pile again, repeat the step to 8-12 days, stop the pile fermentation.
Further, according to the inoculation, 16 young earthworms of Daping No. 2 are inoculated in the fermented feed per 400g of the feed, the young earthworms are raised in a dark constant-temperature environment at the environment temperature of 22-25 ℃, wormcast on the surface of the feed is removed when the young earthworms are raised for 30 days, and new fermented feed with the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35:1 is added for continuous cultivation.
In the breeding process, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the feed has obvious influence on the growth and reproduction of the earthworms and the cocoon production, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the earthworm feed is gradually reduced, so that the feed is added for multiple times (1 new feed is added every 10-15 days) in the breeding process, and the inventor finds that the earthworms have the best growth capacity in the feed prepared by mixing the deer manure and the corn straw with the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20-30: 1, and the feed prepared by mixing the deer manure and the corn straw with the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35:1 and fermented can effectively promote the annual earthworm cocoon production and earthworm cocoon incubation. According to the invention, the fermented feed prepared by mixing the deer manure and the corn straw according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20-30: 1 is suitable for rapid growth and propagation of the earthworms, the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the feed is gradually reduced in the growth and propagation process of the earthworms, the feed is not suitable for continuous growth of the adult earthworms, and the production of cocoons by the adult earthworms is further inhibited, so that the fermented feed with the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35:1 is added in the adult earthworms, the efficient production of cocoons by the adult earthworms is promoted, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the feed is reduced to a proportional relation suitable for the growth of the earthworms along with the consumption of the feed in the cocoon production process, newly produced earthworm cocoons are directly grown in the carbon-nitrogen ratio feed system after being incubated, the incubation rate of the earthworm cocoons and the survival rate of young earthworms are greatly improved, and.
Most specifically, the method for breeding the earthworms based on the deer feces is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 2, inoculation and cultivation: stacking the fermented feed prepared in the step 1 to 12cm in thickness, inoculating 16 earthworms to every 400g of the feed, inoculating young Daping No. 2 earthworms to the fermented feed, feeding the young Daping No. 2 earthworms in a dark constant-temperature environment at the ambient temperature of 22-25 ℃, removing wormcast on the surface of the feed when the young earthworms are fed for 30 days, and adding new fermented feed with the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35:1 for continuous culture.
The invention has the following technical effects:
the fermented feed prepared by the invention has excellent air permeability, and simultaneously, the uniform distribution of water is effectively controlled; the deer feces are quickly fermented and matured in the fermentation process, so that the fermentation time is shortened, and the deer feces and the corn straws are synchronously fermented for 8-12 days; according to the invention, the earthworm growth rate is high, only 28 days are required for growing the adult earthworms with reproductive capacity from young earthworms, only 11 days are required for incubation of earthworm cocoons, the daily multiplication times are 0.424%, the daily gain times are 0.127%, and the number of produced cocoons of each earthworm is 16 on average.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention relates to a daily reproduction multiple change curve chart of earthworms cultivated by fermented feeds with different carbon-nitrogen ratios.
FIG. 2: the change curve diagram of the daily gain times of the earthworms cultured by the fermented feed with different carbon-nitrogen ratios is provided.
FIG. 3: the invention discloses a curve chart of average mass change of earthworms cultivated by fermented feeds with different carbon-nitrogen ratios.
FIG. 4: the invention discloses a cumulative cocoon yield curve chart of earthworms cultivated by fermented feeds with different carbon-nitrogen ratios.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples, it should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make some insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention based on the above-mentioned disclosure.
Example 1
A method for breeding earthworms based on deer feces comprises the following steps:
1. and (3) fermenting the feed: crushing dried corn straws into small sections of 1-2 cm, mixing the corn straws and deer feces according to a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20:1, adding 0.6 mass percent of ionic liquid [ AMIM ] Cl, stirring and mixing, standing for 1h at normal temperature, filtering off excessive liquid, adding water with the volume of 1/2 of the filtered liquid, stirring, adding composite fermentation microbial inoculum composed of Bacillus subtilis, white rot fungus, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei at a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1 and plant ash to obtain mixed base material, fermenting in a pile, measuring temperature once a day during fermentation, maintaining the temperature for 2 days after the temperature rises to 60 ℃, turning over the pile, repeating the step to 8 days, stopping the fermentation of the pile, exposing the fermented feed to the sun for two days, adding water, stirring, standing for 3 days, and fully soaking the fermented feed to keep the water content of the fermented feed at 60%; the preservation number of the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC 1.15792, the preservation number of the white rot fungi is ACCC30942, the preservation number of the aspergillus niger is CGMCC 3.17612, the preservation number of the trichoderma reesei is CGMCC3.5218, and the mass ratio of the composite fermentation inoculant to the plant ash to the mixture is 0.03:0.1: 1; preparing a feed fermented by mixing deer manure and corn straws with a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35:1 by the same method;
2. inoculating and breeding: stacking 400g of the fermented feed prepared in the step 1 to 12cm in thickness, inoculating 16 young Laetia gigantea No. 2 earthworms, feeding in a dark constant-temperature environment at the environment temperature of 22-25 ℃, removing wormcast on the surface of the feed when the feed is fed for 30 days, and adding a new fermented feed with the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35:1 for continuous culture.
In the embodiment, the total mass of the 16 inoculated young earthworms of the large-flat No. two earthworms is 1.135g, all earthworms grow endless belts after 28 days of cultivation, 6 earthworm cocoons are detected on the 35 th day, and the total weight of the inoculated earthworms is 16.52g after the cultivation to the 60 th day.
Example 2
A method for breeding earthworms based on deer feces comprises the following steps:
1. and (3) fermenting the feed: crushing dried corn straws into small sections of 1-2 cm, mixing the corn straws and deer feces according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 30:1, adding 0.4% of ionic liquid [ AMIM ] Cl by mass percent, stirring and mixing, standing for 2h at normal temperature, filtering off excessive liquid, adding water with the volume of 1/2 of the filtered liquid, stirring, adding composite fermentation microbial inoculum composed of Bacillus subtilis, white rot fungus, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei at a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1 and plant ash to obtain mixed base material, fermenting in a pile, measuring temperature once a day during fermentation, maintaining the temperature for 2 days after the temperature rises to 70 ℃, turning over the pile, repeating the step to 12 days, stopping the fermentation of the pile, exposing the fermented feed to the sun for two days, adding water, stirring, standing for 3 days, and fully soaking the fermented feed to keep the water content of the fermented feed at 65%; the preservation number of the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC 1.15792, the preservation number of the white rot fungi is ACCC30942, the preservation number of the aspergillus niger is CGMCC 3.17612, the preservation number of the trichoderma reesei is CGMCC3.5218, the mass ratio of the composite fermentation inoculant to the plant ash to the mixture is 0.02:0.15:1, and the feed fermented by mixing the deer manure and the corn straws with the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35:1 is prepared by the same method;
2. inoculating and breeding: stacking 400g of the fermented feed prepared in the step 1 to 12cm in thickness, inoculating 16 young Laetia gigantea No. 2 earthworms, feeding in a dark constant-temperature environment at the environment temperature of 22-25 ℃, removing wormcast on the surface of the feed when the feed is fed for 30 days, and adding a new fermented feed with the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35:1 for continuous culture.
In the embodiment, the total mass of the 16 inoculated large-flat No. two earthworm juvenile earthworms is 1.155g, all earthworms grow girdle after 28 days of cultivation, 8 earthworm cocoons are detected in the 35 th day, and the total weight of the inoculated earthworms is 17.61g after the cultivation to the 60 th day
Example 3
A method for breeding earthworms based on deer feces comprises the following steps:
1. and (3) fermenting the feed: crushing dried corn straws into small sections of 1-2 cm, mixing the corn straws and deer feces according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25:1, adding 0.5% of ionic liquid [ AMIM ] Cl by mass fraction, stirring and mixing, standing at normal temperature for 1.5h, filtering off excessive liquid, adding water with the volume of 1/2 of the filtered liquid, stirring, adding composite fermentation microbial inoculum composed of Bacillus subtilis, white rot fungus, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei at a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1 and plant ash to obtain mixed base material, fermenting in a pile, measuring temperature once a day during fermentation, maintaining the temperature for 2 days after the temperature rises to 65 ℃, turning over the pile, repeating the step to 10 days, stopping the fermentation of the pile, exposing the fermented feed to the sun for two days, adding water, stirring, standing for 3 days, and fully soaking the fermented feed to keep the water content of the fermented feed at 65%; the preservation number of Bacillus subtilis is CGMCC 1.15792, the preservation number of white rot fungi (Phanerochaete chrysosporium) is ACCC30942, the preservation number of Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) is CGMCC 3.17612, the preservation number of Trichoderma reesei (Trichoderma reesei) is CGMCC3.5218, the mass ratio of the composite fermentation inoculant to the plant ash to the mixture is 0.03:0.12:1, and the feed fermented by mixing the deer manure and the corn straws with the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35:1 is prepared by the same method;
2. inoculating and breeding: stacking 400g of the fermented feed prepared in the step 1 to 12cm in thickness, inoculating 16 young Laetia gigantea No. 2 earthworms, feeding in a dark constant-temperature environment at the environment temperature of 22-25 ℃, removing wormcast on the surface of the feed when the feed is fed for 30 days, and adding a new fermented feed with the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35:1 for continuous culture.
In the embodiment, the total mass of the 16 inoculated large-flat No. two earthworm juvenile earthworms is 1.121g, all earthworms grow girdle after 28 days of cultivation, 10 earthworm cocoons are detected in the 35 th day, and the total weight of the inoculated earthworms is 18.88g after the cultivation to the 60 th day
Comparative example 1
A method for breeding earthworms based on deer feces comprises the following steps:
1. and (3) fermenting the feed: crushing dried corn straws into small sections of 1-2 cm, mixing the corn straws and deer manure according to a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25:1, adding 1% of ionic liquid [ AMIM ] Cl, stirring and mixing, treating at 80 ℃ for 1-2 h, filtering out redundant liquid, adding a composite fermentation microbial inoculum consisting of Bacillus subtilis, white rot fungi and Trichoderma reesei and plant ash according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain a mixed base material, fermenting the pile for 20 days, measuring the temperature once per day in the fermentation process, maintaining the temperature for 2 days after the temperature rises to 60-70 ℃, turning the pile again, repeating the steps until the pile is brown or grey brown in color, stopping the pile fermentation, adding water and stirring after the fermented feed is exposed to the sun for two days, standing for 3 days, and fully soaking the fermented feed, so that the water content of the fermented feed is kept at 60-65%; the preservation number of the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC 1.15792, the preservation number of the white rot fungi is ACCC30942, and the preservation number of the trichoderma reesei is CGMCC 3.5218;
2. inoculating and breeding: taking 400g of fermented feed, inoculating 16 Daping No. 2 young earthworms, and feeding in a dark constant-temperature environment at the environment temperature of 22-25 ℃.
In the comparative example 1, under the high-temperature treatment of the ionic liquid, the cellulose in the corn straws is dissolved, so that the lignocellulose is lost, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is unbalanced, and the optimal growth ratio of the earthworms is not suitable any more. In the feed prepared in the comparative example 1, the deer feces are not completely fermented, so that nitrogen nutrients in the feed are difficult to utilize by the subsequent earthworms, and in the growth process of the earthworms, ammonia gas is continuously released for the completely fermented deer feces, so that the earthworms die in a large amount.
Comparative example 2
A method for breeding earthworms based on deer feces comprises the following steps:
1. the fermented feed was the same as in example 3 of the present invention;
2. inoculating and breeding: and (3) piling 400g of the fermented feed prepared in the step (1) to 12cm thick, inoculating 16 Daping No. 2 young earthworms, feeding in a dark constant-temperature environment at the environment temperature of 22-25 ℃, and adding the same feed every 15 days.
The total mass of 16 large-flat No. two earthworms inoculated in the comparative example 2 is 1.126g, all earthworms grow girdle after 28 days of culture, 5 earthworm cocoons are detected at the day 35, and the total weight of the inoculated earthworms is 18.04g after 60 days of culture.
According to the invention, after the deer manure is pretreated and fermented by the composite microbial inoculum, the fermentation and maturation of the deer manure are promoted, the decomposition and conversion of organic nitrogen in the deer manure are realized, the absorption rate of nitrogen by earthworms is improved, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermented feed is rapidly reduced, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the feed is changed, and the requirements of different carbon-nitrogen ratios in the processes of earthworm growth, cocoon production and the like are met. The carbon-nitrogen ratio change of the deer manure and the corn straw after mixed fermentation is shown in the table 1.
Table 1: the carbon-nitrogen ratio changes before and after the deer manure and the corn straw are mixed and fermented.
| Initial carbon to |
20 | 25 | 30 | 35 |
| Carbon to nitrogen ratio after fermentation | 13.40 | 14.28 | 15.06 | 15.94 |
Although the differences of the carbon-nitrogen ratios of the fermented feeds are not obvious, the fermented feeds have obvious influences on the growth and the reproduction of the earthworms, the fermentation time is short, the reduction rate of the carbon-nitrogen ratios of the fermented feeds is low, the excellent carbon-nitrogen ratios suitable for the growth and the reproduction of the earthworms cannot be achieved, and the carbon-nitrogen ratios change irregularly in the breeding process and have large influences on the earthworms, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratios of the fermented feeds are reduced to a constant value suitable for the rapid growth and the reproduction of the earthworms when the fermentation time is controlled to be 8-12 days, and the carbon-nitrogen ratios of the fermented feeds also change regularly in the growth and the reproduction process of the earthworms. As can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, the young earthworms of the second large flate grow vigorously and gain significant weight in the feed prepared by fermenting the mixed deer dung and the corn straw with the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25:1, while the feed prepared by fermenting the mixed deer dung and the corn straw with the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35:1 has the worst weight gain effect on the earthworms, and when the earthworms grow from the young earthworms to adult earthworms and start to breed and produce cocoons, the cocoon production amount is significantly increased in the feed prepared by fermenting the mixed deer dung and the corn straw with the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35:1, while the cocoon production amount in the feed prepared by fermenting the mixed deer dung and the corn straw with the lower carbon-nitrogen ratio is significantly lower, as shown in fig. 4.
The method for measuring and calculating the growth and the reproduction of the earthworms comprises the following steps:
in the formula: the total number of earthworms comprises the number of adult earthworms, the number of young earthworms and the number of earthworm cocoons, wherein each earthworm cocoon is calculated according to 1 earthworm.
Table 2: growth and reproduction conditions of 16 earthworms after 60 days of culture.
In the earthworm breeding process, young earthworms need 28-35 days for growing into adult earthworms with reproductive capacity, all earthworms appear to mark an endless belt with reproductive capacity in the 4 th week, a small amount of earthworm cocoons are generated in the 5 th week of breeding, and the earthworm cocoons are generated in a large amount in the 6 th week and are hatched along with a very small amount of earthworm cocoons to generate new young earthworms, and the cumulative cocoon yield of 16 earthworms is 256 in the 60 th day.
Different feeds have a significant effect on the hatching of earthworm cocoons, as shown in table 3.
Table 3: incubation of earthworm cocoons in the invention and comparative example 2.
| Group of | Incubation time (Tian) | Hatching rate (%) | Each earthworm cocoon hatches a young earthworm (strip) |
| Comparative example 2 | 15 | 74.9 | 3.1 |
| Example 3 | 11 | 88.7 | 4.2 |
Although the feed is added for many times in the comparative example 2, the feed has low carbon-nitrogen ratio (the carbon-nitrogen ratio before fermentation is 25:1), so that the cocoon yield and the hatching rate are low, and after the young earthworms are hatched, the young earthworms grow well in the newly added feed and gain weight obviously, but the new feed needs to be added for many times. According to the invention, after the earthworms grow to have reproductive capacity, the high carbon-nitrogen ratio fermented feed (the carbon-nitrogen ratio before fermentation is 35:1) is added once, so that the earthworms are efficiently promoted to produce cocoons and hatch, after young earthworms are hatched, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is reduced to a certain extent because the fermented feed is consumed by cocoons produced by adult earthworms, and the fermented feed with the reduced carbon-nitrogen ratio is suitable for the growth and the reproduction of the young earthworms and does not need to be repeatedly added with feed.
Claims (6)
1. A method for breeding earthworms based on deer feces is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of fermenting the feed and inoculating and breeding earthworms, wherein the feed fermentation is to pretreat a mixture of deer manure and corn straws by using ionic liquid [ AMIM ] Cl, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is 20-35: 1, then add water and stir, add a composite fermentation microbial inoculum consisting of bacillus subtilis, white rot fungi, aspergillus niger and trichoderma reesei and plant ash to obtain a mixed base material, ferment for 8-12 days to obtain fermented feed, then insolate the fermented feed, add water and stir, place for 3 days to fully soak the fermented feed, keep the water content of the fermented feed at 60-65%, and then inoculate young earthworms for breeding;
the Bacillus subtilis (A), (B) and (C)Bacillus subtilis) The preservation number of (A) is CGMCC 1.15792, (B) white rot fungusPhanerochaetc chrysosporium）Accession number ACCC30942, Aspergillus nigerAspergillus niger) The preservation number of (A) is CGMCC 3.17612, Trichoderma reesei (A) (C)Trichoderma reesei) The preservation number of (2) is CGMCC 3.5218.
2. The method for breeding earthworms based on deer feces as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the composite fermentation inoculant to the mixture is 0.03-0.05: 1, and the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis, the white rot fungi, the aspergillus niger and the trichoderma reesei is 1:1:1: 1.
3. The method for breeding earthworms based on deer feces as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the pretreatment is to crush the dried corn straws into small sections of 1-2 cm, mix the small sections with deer dung, add 0.4-0.6 mass percent of ionic liquid [ AMIM ] Cl, stir, and stand at normal temperature for 1-2 hours.
4. The method for breeding earthworms based on deer feces as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: after the pretreatment, the mixture was filtered, water was added to the mixture, the volume of water added was 1/2 times the volume of filtrate filtered, so as to dilute the concentration of ionic liquid.
5. The method for breeding earthworms based on deer feces as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: according to the inoculation, 16 young earthworms of Daping No. 2 are inoculated in fermented feed according to 400g of feed, the young earthworms are raised in a dark constant-temperature environment at the environment temperature of 22-25 ℃, wormcast on the surface of the feed is removed when the young earthworms are raised for 30 days, and new fermented feed with the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35:1 is added for continuous culture.
6. A method for breeding earthworms based on deer feces is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, fermenting feed: crushing dried corn straws into small sections of 1-2 cm, mixing the corn straws and deer feces according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25-30: 1, and adding 0.4-0.6% of ionic liquid [ AMIM ]]Stirring and mixing Cl, standing for 1-2 h at normal temperature, filtering out redundant liquid, adding 1/2 volumes of filtered liquid of water, stirring, adding a composite fermentation microbial inoculum consisting of bacillus subtilis, white rot fungi, aspergillus niger and trichoderma reesei and plant ash in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1 to obtain a mixed base material, fermenting the pile for 8-2 days, exposing the fermented feed to the sun for two days, adding water, stirring, standing for 3 days, and fully soaking the fermented feed to keep the water content of the fermented feed at 60-65%; bacillus subtilis (A), (B) and (C)Bacillus subtilis) The preservation number of (A) is CGMCC 1.15792, (B) white rot fungusPhanerochaetc chrysosporium）Accession number ACCC30942, Aspergillus nigerAspergillus niger) The preservation number of (A) is CGMCC 3.17612, Trichoderma reesei (A) (C)Trichoderma reesei) The preservation number of the strain is CGMCC3.5218, the composite fermentation bacteria agent, the plant ash and the mixtureThe mass ratio of the deer feces to the corn straws is 0.03-0.05: 0.1-0.15: 1, and the feed fermented by mixing the deer feces and the corn straws with the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35:1 is prepared by the same method;
step 2, inoculation and cultivation: stacking the fermented feed prepared in the step 1 to 12cm in thickness, inoculating 16 earthworms to every 400g of the feed, inoculating young Daping No. 2 earthworms to the fermented feed, feeding the young Daping No. 2 earthworms in a dark constant-temperature environment at the ambient temperature of 22-25 ℃, removing wormcast on the surface of the feed when the young earthworms are fed for 30 days, and adding new fermented feed with the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35:1 for continuous culture.
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