CN112772255A

CN112772255A - Cultivation device and cultivation method for improving fruit quality of sweet cherry trees

Info

Publication number: CN112772255A
Application number: CN202110060751.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张序; 李延菊; 田长平; 李芳东; 王玉霞; 李公存; 刘珅坤; 刘洁; 郭对田; 孙亮; 张福兴; 孙庆田
Original assignee: Shandong Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Shandong Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2021-01-18
Filing date: 2021-01-18
Publication date: 2021-05-11
Anticipated expiration: 2041-01-18
Also published as: CN112772255B

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation device and a cultivation method for improving fruit quality of a sweet cherry tree, and the cultivation device comprises a plurality of filling boxes, wherein the filling boxes are connected with bearing boxes in a sliding mode, two ends of each bearing box are fixedly connected with a first sliding block, a first sliding groove matched with the first sliding block is also formed in the side wall of each filling box, the top end of each first sliding block is fixedly connected with a vertically arranged spring, a water pump is fixedly connected to the lower inner wall of each filling box, the output end of the water pump is fixedly connected with a discharge pipe, the other end of the discharge pipe penetrates through the bottom wall of the bearing box and soil and extends out of the ground surface, a spray head is arranged at the end of the discharge pipe, and a timing device and an emergency device are further arranged in. The automatic fertilizer spraying device is simple in structure, convenient to operate, small in workload, even in fertilizer spraying, capable of automatically spraying in emergency and capable of effectively improving the quality of fruits, and fertilizer water is automatically sprayed at regular time.

Description

Cultivation device and cultivation method for improving fruit quality of sweet cherry trees

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of sweet cherry cultivation, in particular to a cultivation device and a cultivation method for improving fruit quality of a sweet cherry tree.

Background

With the development of modern society, the living standard of people is higher and higher, the pursuit of people for the quality of food is higher and higher, and for big cities, fruits become important food gradually, but the low-quality fruits can not meet the requirements of people, the sweet cherries are popular fruits, the existing sweet cherries can not meet the requirements of people completely, the cultivation method for improving the sweet cherries and the quality improvement of the sweet cherries are important for vast fruit growers.

In the process of fruit tree growth, moisture and nutrient substances in soil can cause great influence on the quality of fruits, the existing plantation mainly adopts manual fertilizer water spraying to supplement the moisture and the nutrient substances, but the manual fertilizer water spraying workload is large, and meanwhile, the uniform fertilizer water spraying is difficult to ensure.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, such as: the cultivation device and the cultivation method are beneficial to the sweet cherry trees to improve the fruit quality.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the cultivation device and the cultivation method thereof are beneficial to improving the fruit quality of sweet cherry trees, and comprises a plurality of filling boxes, wherein each filling box is arranged underground in a plantation, the upper surface of each filling box is level with the ground, an opening is formed in the top end of each filling box, a bearing box is connected in the filling boxes in a sliding mode, the two ends of each bearing box are fixedly connected with a first sliding block, a first sliding groove matched with the first sliding block is formed in the side wall of each filling box, a vertically arranged spring is fixedly connected to the top end of the first sliding block, the other end of each spring is fixedly connected to the upper inner wall of the first sliding groove, soil is filled in each bearing box, a water pump is fixedly connected to the lower inner wall of each filling box, a discharging pipe is fixedly connected to the output end of each water pump, and the other end of each discharging pipe penetrates through the bottom wall of each bearing box and, and this end of discharging pipe is provided with the shower nozzle, one side of filling the case is provided with fertile water tank, the feed inlet department of water pump is provided with the inlet pipe, the input end department fixedly connected with conducting block of water pump, the other end of inlet pipe runs through the lateral wall and fertile water tank fixed connection who fills case and fertile water tank, it still is provided with timing device and emergency device to fill the incasement.

Preferably, the upper wall of the fertilizer water tank is rotatably connected with a rotating shaft, one end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a cover plate, and the outer side of the cover plate is provided with a handle.

Preferably, the inner wall of the spray head is provided with a thread groove, the surface of one end of the discharge pipe corresponding to the spray head is also engraved with threads matched with the thread groove, the spray head and the discharge pipe are in threaded connection through the thread groove and the threads, and the spray head is an atomizing spray head.

Preferably, the timing device comprises a rotating disk, a base is fixedly connected to the lower inner wall of the loading box, a fixed plate is fixedly connected to the top end of the base, two connecting blocks are fixedly connected to the side wall of the fixed plate, the side wall of the rotating disk is fixedly connected with the two connecting blocks, a groove is formed in the side wall of the other side of the rotating disk, a rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the center of the rotating disk, a fixed block is fixedly connected to the other end of the rotating shaft, the fixed block is connected with a power supply through a first wire, a fixed rod is fixedly connected to the top end of the rotating shaft, one side of the fixed rod is attached to the fixed block, the fixed rod is located inside the groove, the other end of the fixed rod is attached to the inner wall of the groove, a motor, the dwang runs through the lateral wall and the rotation axis fixed connection of fixed plate and connecting block, the partly, fixed block and the dead lever of recess lateral wall all adopt the preparation of metal copper, and other parts and the rotary disk of recess then adopt insulating material to make, adopt the copper to make the opposite side of recess is connected with the conducting block through wire two.

Preferably, the emergency device comprises a connecting rod, the top end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the bearing box, the position of the connecting rod corresponds to the conductive block, the other end of the connecting rod penetrates through the conductive block, a conductive sheet is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the connecting rod, a second sliding block is fixedly connected to the left side wall and the right side wall of the second sliding block, a second sliding groove matched with the second sliding block is formed in the conductive block, and the conductive sheet is connected with the power supply through a third conducting wire.

Preferably, a mounting groove is formed in one side of the second sliding block, a fixing shaft is fixedly connected between the front side wall and the rear side wall of the mounting groove, a roller is sleeved on the fixing shaft in a rotating mode, an anti-abrasion layer is arranged on the surface of the roller, and the roller is attached to the side wall of the second sliding groove.

A cultivation device and a use method of the cultivation method are beneficial to improving the fruit quality of a sweet cherry tree, and a timing device and an emergency device are beneficial to keeping soil in an environment suitable for the growth of a fruit tree, so that the fruit quality is improved;

a cultivation method for improving fruit quality of sweet cherry trees comprises the following steps:

s1, reasonable planting: the method is characterized in that a small pit deep planting shallow burying method is adopted, cherry roots are shallow and do not bear waterlogging, if large pits are used for cultivation, soil in the pits is loose compared with soil around the pits, waterlogging is easily caused in rainy seasons, dead seedlings can appear in serious conditions, reasonable distribution is carried out on intervals between every two fruits when the fruit trees are planted, the coverage rate and the light transmittance of the fruit trees are enabled to be optimal, the density and the light transmittance of the fruit trees are enabled to be proper, the flavor of the fruits can be enabled to be thicker, meanwhile, the color of the fruits can be improved, the appearance of the fruits is enabled to be more attractive, if the plants are planted in a greenhouse, the color of the greenhouse can be changed into purple, green light in sunlight can be conveniently screened out, and photosynthesis of chlorophyll in plant leaves is.

S2, reinforcement management: the fertilizer water treatment is carried out on the plants, the using amount of a nitrogen fertilizer is controlled, the nitrogen content of the leaves of the fruits is most favorable for coloring the fruits when 2%, so that the quality of the fruits is improved, the use of trace elements in the fertilizer is favorable for brightening the colors of the fruits, and the titanium fertilizer can play a role in coloring and sweetening, beautifying the fruits and preventing the fruits from being sunburned, helping to color the cherries and improving the quality of the cherries.

Starting drive can rationally connect timely rich water management to the plant, and this device can be with the regular spraying of fertilizer of disposition to make applying of fertilizer more timely, in addition, the device can also be again when soil moisture is not enough with the moisture blowout in the rich water tank, make the moisture in the soil keep at 70% -80% within range, can effectively prevent the fruit fracture.

S3, coloring period treatment: because the leaves of the cherries are relatively large and the fruits are easy to cover, the leaves which cover the fruits need to be picked off in a proper amount in the fruit coloring period, so that the coloring of the fruits is ensured, the quality of the fruits is improved, in addition, a silver reflective film needs to be laid under the tree crowns, the illumination of the lower parts and the inner bores of the tree crowns is increased, and the comprehensive coloring of the fruits is promoted.

S4, fruit treatment: artificial pollination is adopted, so that the fruit setting rate of the fruits is ensured, and the shapes of the fruits are more correct; cutting off redundant fruits to enable the load capacity of the fruit trees to be proper, wherein too many fruits can cause single fruit malnutrition, and too few fruits can cause poor fruit coloring; meanwhile, the fruits are bagged, so that the fruits can be effectively prevented from being attacked by insects and birds, pesticide residues on the surfaces of the fruits can be reduced, and the fruits can be prevented from falling off from fruit trees.

S5, sugar accumulation: when the fruits gradually enter the mature period, the temperature difference between day and night is ensured to be within the range of 10-12 ℃, the accumulation of sugar in the fruits can be promoted, the taste of the fruits is more fragrant and sweet, meanwhile, the fruit collection time can be properly delayed, and the proper late collection is favorable for improving the sugar content of the fruits.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: use timing device, regular automation sprays rich water, need not the manual work and sprays, and the work load is little, uses the modular mode to spray, uses atomizer simultaneously, makes the even that rich water sprayed, is favorable to the growth of fruit tree, is provided with emergency device, can spray automatically when emergency, makes the fruit tree be in more suitable environment kind always, the effectual quality that has improved the fruit.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cultivation device and a cultivation method for a sweet cherry tree, which are beneficial to improving the fruit quality;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a timing device of a cultivation device and a cultivation method thereof for improving fruit quality of a sweet cherry tree, which are provided by the invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view taken at A in FIG. 1;

fig. 4 is a schematic side view structure diagram of a second sliding block of the cultivation device and the cultivation method for improving fruit quality of sweet cherry trees.

In the figure: the device comprises a filling box 1, a bearing box 2, a sliding block I3, a sliding chute I4, a spring 5, a water pump 6, a feeding pipe 7, a discharging pipe 8, a spray head 9, a cover plate 10, a fertilizer water tank 11, a rotating shaft 12, a connecting rod 13, a base 14, a fixing plate 15, a fixing block 16, a rotating disc 17, a fixing rod 18, a motor 19, a rotating rod 20, a connecting block 21, a rotating shaft 22, a conductive block 23, a sliding block II 24, a sliding chute II 25, a roller 26, a fixed shaft 27 and a conductive sheet 28.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-4, a cultivation device and a cultivation method thereof for improving fruit quality of sweet cherry trees, comprising a plurality of filling boxes 1, wherein each filling box 1 is arranged underground a plantation, the upper surface of each filling box 1 is level with the ground, the top end of each filling box 1 is provided with an opening, the filling boxes 1 are connected with a bearing box 2 in a sliding way, two ends of each bearing box 2 are fixedly connected with a first sliding block 3, the side wall of each filling box 1 is also provided with a first sliding groove 4 matched with the first sliding block 3, the top end of each first sliding block 3 is fixedly connected with a vertically arranged spring 5, the other end of each spring 5 is fixedly connected to the upper inner wall of the first sliding groove 4, the bearing box 2 is filled with soil, the lower inner wall of each filling box 1 is fixedly connected with a water pump 6, the output end of each water pump 6 is fixedly connected with a discharge pipe 8, the other end of each discharge pipe 8 penetrates through the, a spray head 9 is arranged at the end of the discharge pipe 8, a thread groove is formed on the inner wall of the spray head 9, a thread matched with the thread groove is engraved on the surface of one end of the discharge pipe 8 corresponding to the spray head 9, the spray head 9 and the discharge pipe 8 are in threaded connection through the thread groove, an atomizing spray head is adopted as the spray head 9, a fertilizer water tank 11 is arranged at one side of the filling box 1, prepared fertilizer and moisture are loaded in the fertilizer water tank 11, a rotating shaft 12 is rotationally connected on the upper wall of the fertilizer water tank 11, a cover plate 10 is fixedly connected at one end of the rotating shaft 12, a handle is arranged on the outer side of the cover plate 10, a feed pipe 7 is arranged at a feed port of the water pump 6, a conductive block 23 is fixedly connected at the input end of the water pump 6, the other end of the feed pipe 7 penetrates through the side walls of the filling box 1 and the fertilizer water tank 11 and, a base 14 is fixedly connected on the lower inner wall of the filling box 1, a fixing plate 15 is fixedly connected on the top end of the base 14, two connecting blocks 21 are fixedly connected on the side wall of the fixing plate 15, the side wall of a rotating disk 17 is fixedly connected with the two connecting blocks 21, a groove is formed on the side wall of the other side of the rotating disk 17, a rotating shaft 22 is rotatably connected with the center of the rotating disk 17, a fixing block 16 is fixedly connected with the other end of the rotating shaft 22, the fixing block 16 is connected with a power supply through a first wire, a fixing rod 18 is fixedly connected on the top end of the rotating shaft 22, one side of the fixing rod 18 is attached to the fixing block 16, the fixing rod 18 is positioned in the groove, the other end of the fixing rod 18 is attached to the inner wall of the groove, a motor 19 is fixedly connected with the other end, one part of the side wall of the groove, the fixed block 16 and the fixed rod 18 are all made of metal copper, the other part of the groove and the rotating disk 17 are made of insulating materials, the other side of the groove made of copper is connected with the conductive block 23 through a second lead, the motor 19 is started, the output end of the motor drives the rotating rod 20 to rotate, so that the rotating shaft 22 fixedly connected with the rotating rod 20 rotates, the fixed rod 18 is driven to rotate, when the fixed rod 18 rotates to the groove made of copper, the current of a power supply is transmitted to the conductive block 23 through the fixed block 16 and other devices, so that the water pump 6 starts to work, nutrient substances in the fertilizer water tank 11 are sprayed out from the spray head 9 at fixed time, the time interval of each spraying and the time length of each spraying can be controlled through adjusting the motor 19 and the length of the groove part, the emergency device comprises a connecting rod 13, the top end of the connecting rod 13 is fixedly connected to, the position of the connecting rod 13 corresponds to the conductive block 23, the other end of the connecting rod 13 penetrates through the conductive block 23, the bottom end of the connecting rod 13 is fixedly connected with a conductive sheet 28, the left side wall and the right side wall of the slider two 24 are both fixedly connected with a slider two 24, a sliding groove two 25 matched with the slider two 24 is also arranged in the conductive block 23, the conductive sheet 28 is connected with a power supply through a wire three, one side of the slider two 24 is provided with a mounting groove, a fixing shaft 27 is fixedly connected between the front side wall and the rear side wall of the mounting groove, a roller 26 is rotatably sleeved on the fixing shaft 27, the surface of the roller 26 is provided with an anti-abrasion layer, the roller 26 is attached to the side wall of the sliding groove two 25, when the temperature is higher, the evaporation is vigorous, when the plant is not enough to be kept in a proper growth state by regular spraying, the moisture in the soil is evaporated, the spring 5 contracts to enable the bearing box 2 to move upwards, so that the connecting rod 13 moves upwards together, and finally the conducting strip 28 is in contact with the conducting block 23, the water pump 6 is conducted, and emergency spraying is conducted.

Starting drive can rationally connect timely rich water management to the plant, and this device can be with the regular spraying of the fertilizer of disposition to make applying of fertilizer more timely, in addition, the device can also be when soil moisture is insufficient again with the moisture blowout in the fertile water tank 11, make the moisture in the soil keep at 70% -80% within range, can effectively prevent the fruit fracture.

In the invention, a motor 19 is started, an output end of the motor drives a rotating rod 20 to rotate, a rotating shaft 22 fixedly connected with the rotating rod 20 rotates, so that the fixing rod 18 is driven to rotate, when the fixing rod 18 rotates to a groove made of copper, the current of a power supply is transmitted to a conductive block 23 through a fixing block 16 and other devices, so that a water pump 6 starts to work, nutrient substances in a fertilizer water tank 11 are sprayed out from a spray head 9 at regular time, the time interval of each spraying and the time duration of each spraying can be controlled through adjusting the length of the motor 19 and the groove of the conductive block, when the temperature is high, the evaporation is vigorous, and the regular spraying is not enough to keep plants in a proper growth state, the weight of soil is reduced due to the evaporation of water in the soil, so that the weight of a bearing box 2 is reduced, the force borne by a spring 5 is reduced, the spring 5 contracts, so that the bearing box 2, thereby make connecting rod 13 rebound together, finally make conducting strip 28 and conducting block 23 contact, make water pump 6 switch on, promptly spray, be provided with a plurality of these devices in the plantation, through the interval between every reasonable setting device, enable every sweet cherry tree to grow in the environment that suits to be favorable to improving the quality of fruit.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a do benefit to cultivation device that sweet cherry tree improves fruit quality, includes a plurality of packing casees (1), every packing case (1) all sets up in the underground of plantation, and the upper surface of packing case (1) is flat mutually with ground, the top of packing case (1) is provided with the opening, its characterized in that, sliding connection has bearing box (2) in packing case (1), the both ends of bearing box (2) all fixedly connected with slider (3), also seted up on the lateral wall of packing case (1) with slider (3) assorted spout (4), every the top fixed connection of slider (3) is a vertical spring (5) that sets up, the other end fixed connection of spring (5) is on the upper inner wall of spout (4), the bearing box (2) are built-in to be filled with earth, fixedly connected with water pump (6) on the lower inner wall of packing case (1), output fixedly connected with discharging pipe (8) of water pump (6), the other end of discharging pipe (8) runs through diapire and earth that bears case (2) and stretches out the earth's surface setting, and this end of discharging pipe (8) is provided with shower nozzle (9), one side of filling case (1) is provided with fertile water tank (11), the feed inlet department of water pump (6) is provided with inlet pipe (7), the input end department fixedly connected with conducting block (23) of water pump (6), the other end of inlet pipe (7) runs through the lateral wall and fertile water tank (11) fixed connection who fills case (1) and fertile water tank (11), still be provided with timing device and emergency device in filling case (1).

2. The cultivation device for sweet cherry trees to improve fruit quality as claimed in claim 1, wherein a rotating shaft (12) is rotatably connected to the upper wall of the fertile water tank (11), a cover plate (10) is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft (12), and a handle is arranged on the outer side of the cover plate (10).

3. The cultivation device for improving fruit quality of sweet cherry trees, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the spray head (9) is provided with a thread groove, the surface of one end of the discharge pipe (8) corresponding to the spray head (9) is also provided with a thread matching with the thread groove, the spray head (9) is connected with the discharge pipe (8) through the thread groove and the thread, and the spray head (9) is an atomizing spray head.

4. The cultivation device for sweet cherry trees to improve fruit quality according to claim 1, wherein the timing device comprises a rotary disk (17), a base (14) is fixedly connected to the lower inner wall of the filling box (1), a fixing plate (15) is fixedly connected to the top end of the base (14), two connecting blocks (21) are fixedly connected to the side wall of the fixing plate (15), the side wall of the rotary disk (17) is fixedly connected with the two connecting blocks (21), a groove is formed in the side wall of the other side of the rotary disk (17), a rotary shaft (22) is rotatably connected to the center of the rotary disk (17), a fixing block (16) is fixedly connected to the other end of the rotary shaft (22), the fixing block (16) is connected with a power supply through a first wire, and a fixing rod (18) is fixedly connected to the top end of the rotary shaft (22), one side of dead lever (18) pastes the setting with fixed block (16) mutually, dead lever (18) are located inside the recess, and the other end of dead lever (18) pastes the setting with the inner wall of recess mutually, the other end fixedly connected with motor (19) of fixed plate (15), the output fixedly connected with dwang (20) of motor (19), dwang (20) run through the lateral wall and rotation axis (22) fixed connection of fixed plate (15) and connecting block (21), the preparation of metal copper is all adopted in some, fixed block (16) and dead lever (18) of recess lateral wall, and other parts and rotary disk (17) of recess then adopt insulating material to make and form, adopt the copper to make the opposite side of recess is connected with conducting block (23) through wire two.

5. The cultivation device of claim 1, characterized in that the emergency device includes a connecting rod (13), the top fixed connection of connecting rod (13) is in the bottom of bearing box (2), the position of connecting rod (13) is corresponding with conducting block (23), the other end of connecting rod (13) runs through conducting block (23) and sets up, the bottom fixed connection of connecting rod (13) has conducting strip (28), equal fixedly connected with slider two (24) on the lateral wall about slider two (24), also seted up in conducting block (23) with slider two (24) assorted spout two (25), conducting strip (28) are connected with the power through wire three.

6. The cultivation device of claim 5, wherein a mounting groove is formed in one side of the second sliding block (24), a fixing shaft (27) is fixedly connected between the front side wall and the rear side wall of the mounting groove, a roller (26) is rotatably sleeved on the fixing shaft (27), an anti-abrasion layer is arranged on the surface of the roller (26), and the roller (26) is attached to the side wall of the second sliding groove (25).

7. The cultivation method for improving the fruit quality of the sweet cherry trees, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps:

Starting drive can rationally connect timely rich water management to the plant, and this device can be with the regularly spraying of the fertilizer of disposition to make applying of fertilizer more timely, in addition, the device can also be when soil moisture is insufficient again with the moisture blowout in fertile water tank (11), make the moisture in the soil keep at 70% -80% within range, can effectively prevent the fruit fracture.