CN109275480B - Field management method for improving sweetness of oranges - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a field management method for improving sweetness of oranges, and the obtained oranges have high yield, large and uniform fruits, smooth and bright fruit surfaces, aromatic flavor and sugar content which can be improved by 3-5 degrees by adopting the field management method, are more popular in the market and are obviously improved in sales volume.

Description

Field management method for improving sweetness of oranges

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, in particular to a field management method for improving sweetness of oranges.

Background

The orange is evergreen shrub or small arbor, white flower in spring end, summer and autumn, flat round, red or orange yellow, and sweet and sour. In China, the cultivation history is more than 4000 years. The orange has good taste and rich nutrition, is a common fruit, and is deeply popular with the masses. The planting of the oranges is also visible everywhere, but the quality of the oranges is uneven, the price deviation is large, besides the appearance shape and color of the fruits, the main factor influencing the quality and the price of the oranges is the sweetness of the oranges, people all like sweet oranges, so the oranges with high sweetness are generally high in price in the market.

The sweetness of the oranges is influenced by various factors such as variety, planting soil, climate condition, cultivation management measures and the like. The variety and planting soil of the oranges can be artificially and deliberately selected, the climate conditions except the greenhouse planting can be controlled, the growth of the oranges under the natural conditions is difficult to control, and most fruit growers in south China adopt the natural conditions for reducing the cost during planting. The cultivation management measures are set by a planting manager, can be completely controlled by us, and have great influence on the sweetness of the oranges, so that a scientific cultivation management method is needed to be provided for planting the oranges with high yield, high quality and high sweetness.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a field management method for improving sweetness of oranges, and the obtained oranges have high yield, large and uniform fruits, smooth and bright fruit surfaces, aromatic flavor and sugar content which can be improved by 3-5 degrees by adopting the field management method, are more popular in the market and are obviously improved in sales volume.

The field management method for improving the sweetness of the oranges comprises the following specific contents:

(1) when the trunk height of the seedling is 30-50cm, pinching and selectively reserving 3-4 main branches, and carrying out balanced configuration; for the vertically growing vigorous branches, the branches are obliquely grown or horizontally grown by pulling, hanging and twisting in 9-10 months; the height of the control tree is not more than 2.5m, and the tree shape takes a natural open heart shape as a standard; and (4) cutting off cross branches, weak branches, insect-disease branches and dead branches after fruit picking.

(2) Spreading a layer of 6-10cm thick wormwood or straw at the root of the fruit tree and within the range of 30-50cm outwards; cultivating and weeding once every season, wherein the depth is 5-10cm, and covering with new mugwort or straw after cultivation.

(3) Planting a row of four-season osmanthus fragrans trees around the orchard, and breeding bees in the orchard; spraying 1-2% of liquid boron when the fruit trees bloom, wherein the dosage per mu is 30-50L.

(4) In the fruit bearing period, a flaky or spherical object wrapped with a reflective film is hung on a fruit tree to supplement the illumination intensity below the fruit tree; in the middle stage of the enlargement of the sweet orange fruit, leaves without fruit branches, excessively dense branches and excessively dense or blocking the illumination of the fruit are cut off, and ventilation and light transmission are kept.

(5) In the early and middle fruit expansion periods, the sprinkling irrigation and watering are carried out every evening in the high-temperature arid period, so that the fruit trees can absorb sufficient water; and (3) in the later fruit expansion period, ditching and dehumidifying in the fruit tree rows, controlling watering, and performing deficit watering to keep sweet orange leaves slightly wilted for 7-10 days each time.

(6) Applying organic fertilizer in the middle stage of orange fruit expansion, wherein the dosage per mu is 250-300 kg; spraying liquid selenium fertilizer at the later stage of fruit expansion, wherein the dosage per mu is 20-35 kg; the manganese-zinc wettable powder is 600-fold and 800-fold liquid which is sprayed once each time when spring shoots, summer shoots and autumn shoots are pumped every year.

When liquid boron, liquid selenium fertilizer and manganese-zinc wettable powder are sprayed, a plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle is adopted to spray in the evening of a sunny day.

The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials: 20-30 parts of orange peel, 15-20 parts of tea leaf residue, 10-15 parts of vinegar residue, 10-20 parts of pyrethrum album, 10-20 parts of lignin, 10-30 parts of plant ash, 10-15 parts of animal bone powder, 10-20 parts of shell powder, 10-15 parts of bean cake, 20-30 parts of biogas residue, 10-30 parts of cow dung, 10-30 parts of pig dung and 10-20 parts of molasses fermentation waste.

The preparation steps of the organic fertilizer are as follows:

1) mixing pericarpium Citri Junoris, folium Camelliae sinensis residue, lignin, biogas residue, cow dung, pig dung, and molasses fermentation waste, and fermenting for 30-40 days;

2) drying pyrethrum in the sun and crushing into powder;

3) uniformly mixing the vinegar residue, the animal bone powder and the shell powder, and reacting for 24 hours;

4) uniformly mixing the substances obtained in the steps 1), 2) and 3), and adding plant ash and bean cakes.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

in the invention, the branches grow obliquely or horizontally by pulling, hanging and twisting methods, so that the branches and leaves at the lower part of the fruit tree can be increased, and the fruiting rate is improved. The wormwood or the straw is paved at the root of the fruit tree, so that the water-retaining soil moisture-preserving and over-wetting-preventing effects are obvious, the variation degree of the soil moisture is minimum, and the stable production of a fruit tree system is facilitated. The substance for wrapping the reflective film is hung on the fruit tree, so that the illumination intensity below the fruit tree can be supplemented, and the difference between the external color and the internal nutrient content of the upper and lower fruit parts of the fruit tree caused by uneven illumination is reduced. Substances wrapping the reflective film are hung on the fruit trees, and the ventilation and the light transmission are kept by pruning and leaf cutting, so that the illumination time is prolonged, and the accumulation of solid content of fruits is facilitated. Ditching and dehumidifying in the later period of fruit expansion and watering due to shortage can prevent excessive water absorption and reduce sugar content.

The invention additionally applies organic fertilizer in the middle stage of fruit enlargement, sprays liquid boron and sprays liquid selenium fertilizer in the later stage, thereby supplementing nutrient substances required by fruit growth and enlargement for fruit trees. When liquid boron, liquid selenium fertilizer and 800-time diluent of manganese-zinc wettable powder are sprayed, a plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle is adopted to spray at night in sunny days, and the plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle is used to spray liquid fertilizer and pesticide, so that the spraying is more uniform, the utilization rate of the liquid fertilizer and the pesticide is improved, and the using amounts of the fertilizer and water are reduced; but also can reduce labor force and avoid the damage of liquid fertilizer/pesticide to human body; namely, compared with the traditional manual spraying, the automatic spraying has the advantages of labor saving, time saving, good medicine saving effect and cost saving. By adopting the field management method, the obtained oranges have high yield, large and uniform fruits, smooth and bright fruit surfaces, aromatic flavor and sugar content which can be improved by 3-5 degrees, are more popular in the market and are obviously improved in sales volume.

Detailed Description

In order to describe the present invention in more detail, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.

Example 1

The field management method for improving the sweetness of the oranges comprises the following specific contents:

(1) when the trunk height of the seedling is 30-50cm, pinching and selectively reserving 3-4 main branches, and carrying out balanced configuration; for the vertically growing vigorous branches, the branches are obliquely grown or horizontally grown by pulling, hanging and twisting in 9-10 months; the height of the control tree is not more than 2.5m, and the tree shape takes a natural open heart shape as a standard; and (4) cutting off cross branches, weak branches, insect-disease branches and dead branches after fruit picking.

(2) Spreading a layer of 6-10cm thick wormwood or straw at the root of the fruit tree and within the range of 30-50cm outwards; cultivating and weeding once every season, wherein the depth is 5-10cm, and covering with new mugwort or straw after cultivation.

(3) Planting a row of four-season osmanthus fragrans trees around the orchard, and breeding bees in the orchard; spraying 1% of liquid boron when the fruit trees bloom, wherein the dosage per mu is 40L.

(4) In the fruit bearing period, a flaky or spherical object wrapped with a reflective film is hung on a fruit tree to supplement the illumination intensity below the fruit tree; in the middle stage of the enlargement of the sweet orange fruit, leaves without fruit branches, excessively dense branches and excessively dense or blocking the illumination of the fruit are cut off, and ventilation and light transmission are kept.

(5) In the early and middle fruit expansion periods, the sprinkling irrigation and watering are carried out every evening in the high-temperature arid period, so that the fruit trees can absorb sufficient water; and (3) in the later fruit expansion period, ditching and dehumidifying in the fruit tree rows, controlling watering, and performing deficit watering to keep sweet orange leaves slightly wilted for 8 days each time.

(6) Applying organic fertilizer with the dosage of 280kg per mu in the middle swelling period of the sweet orange fruits; spraying liquid selenium fertilizer with the dosage of 30kg per mu at the later stage of fruit enlargement; the 700 times of manganese-zinc wettable powder is sprayed once each time when spring shoots, summer shoots and autumn shoots are taken every year.

When liquid boron, liquid selenium fertilizer and manganese-zinc wettable powder are sprayed, a plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle is adopted to spray in the evening of a sunny day.

The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials: 25 parts of orange peel, 18 parts of tea leaf residues, 12 parts of vinegar residues, 15 parts of white flower pyrethrum, 15 parts of lignin, 20 parts of plant ash, 12 parts of animal bone powder, 15 parts of shell powder, 12 parts of bean cakes, 25 parts of biogas residues, 20 parts of cow dung, 20 parts of pig dung and 15 parts of molasses fermentation waste.

The preparation steps of the organic fertilizer are as follows:

1) mixing pericarpium Citri Junoris, folium Camelliae sinensis residue, lignin, biogas residue, cow dung, pig dung, and molasses fermentation waste, and fermenting for 35 days;

2) drying pyrethrum in the sun and crushing into powder;

3) uniformly mixing the vinegar residue, the animal bone powder and the shell powder, and reacting for 24 hours;

4) uniformly mixing the substances obtained in the steps 1), 2) and 3), and adding plant ash and bean cakes.

The applicant plants a batch of oranges in Daxin county in Guangxi by using the field management method in the embodiment 1 of the invention, the single fruit of the planted oranges is 350g in weight, the annual mu yield is 2000-:

Claims (1)

1. a field management method for improving sweetness of oranges is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

(1) when the trunk height of the seedling is 30-50cm, pinching and selectively reserving 3-4 main branches, and carrying out balanced configuration; for the vertically growing vigorous branches, the branches are obliquely grown or horizontally grown by pulling, hanging and twisting in 9-10 months; the height of the control tree is not more than 2.5m, and the tree shape takes a natural open heart shape as a standard; cutting off cross branches, weak branches, insect-disease branches and dead branches after picking fruits;

(2) spreading a layer of 6-10cm thick folium Artemisiae Argyi at the root of fruit tree and 30-50cm outward; intertillage weeding is carried out once every quarter, the depth is 5-10cm, and new wormwood is covered after intertillage;

(3) planting a row of four-season osmanthus fragrans trees around the orchard, and breeding bees in the orchard; spraying 1-2% of liquid boron when the fruit trees bloom, wherein the dosage per mu is 30-50L;

(4) in the fruit bearing period, a flaky or spherical object wrapped with a reflective film is hung on a fruit tree to supplement the illumination intensity below the fruit tree; in the middle expansion period of the orange fruits, cutting off leaves without fruit branches, excessively dense branches and excessively dense or blocking the illumination of the fruits, and keeping ventilation and light transmission;

(5) in the early and middle fruit expansion periods, the sprinkling irrigation and watering are carried out every evening in the high-temperature arid period, so that the fruit trees can absorb sufficient water; in the later stage of fruit expansion, ditching and dehumidifying in fruit tree rows and controlling watering, and implementing deficit watering to keep the leaves of the oranges in slight wilting for 7-10 days each time;

(6) applying organic fertilizer in the middle expansion period of the orange fruits, wherein the dosage per mu is 250-300 kg; spraying 0.5-1% of liquid selenium fertilizer in the late fruit expansion period, wherein the dosage per mu is 20-35 kg; spraying 800 times of diluent of 600-fold manganese-zinc wettable powder for each time when spring shoots, summer shoots and autumn shoots are pumped every year;

the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials: 20-30 parts of orange peel, 15-20 parts of tea leaf residue, 10-15 parts of vinegar residue, 10-20 parts of pyrethrum album, 10-20 parts of lignin, 10-30 parts of plant ash, 10-15 parts of animal bone powder, 10-20 parts of shell powder, 10-15 parts of bean cake, 20-30 parts of biogas residue, 10-30 parts of cow dung, 10-30 parts of pig dung and 10-20 parts of molasses fermentation waste;

the preparation steps of the organic fertilizer are as follows:

1) mixing pericarpium Citri Junoris, folium Camelliae sinensis residue, lignin, biogas residue, cow dung, pig dung, and molasses fermentation waste, and fermenting for 30-40 days;

2) drying pyrethrum in the sun and crushing into powder;

3) uniformly mixing the vinegar residue, the animal bone powder and the shell powder, and reacting for 24 hours;

4) uniformly mixing the substances obtained in the steps 1), 2) and 3), and adding plant ash and bean cakes to obtain the bean cake;

when liquid boron, liquid selenium fertilizer and manganese-zinc wettable powder are sprayed, a plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle is adopted to spray in the evening of a sunny day.