CN112760143A - 一种非金属汽油抗爆剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种非金属汽油抗爆剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000006079 antiknock agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 title description 2
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical group CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylformamide Chemical compound CNC=O ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- JSZOAYXJRCEYSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitropropane Chemical compound CCC[N+]([O-])=O JSZOAYXJRCEYSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- JBIJLHTVPXGSAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(N)=CC=C21 JBIJLHTVPXGSAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- QNIVIMYXGGFTAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octodrine Chemical compound CC(C)CCCC(C)N QNIVIMYXGGFTAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical group CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种非金属汽油抗爆剂及其制备方法，包括以下重量份原料：N‑甲基甲酰胺30～80份、甲基叔丁基醚2～8份、1‑硝基丙烷2～15份、甘油三软脂酸酯5～20份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚3～18份、助溶剂2～8份；所述助溶剂为甲基乙基酮、2‑萘胺、1,5‑二甲基己胺；本发明的非金属汽油抗爆剂，将原料科学复配，较好的配合性，协同发挥作用，达到提高汽油抗爆性的目的，促进汽油的充分燃烧，有效排除气缸中的燃烧积炭，提高汽油的燃烧效率，满足炼化企业利用石脑油调和国际汽油的要求，可为企业创造客观的经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及石油化工领域，特别涉及一种非金属汽油抗爆剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
汽车工业的发展，节能和环境保护的紧迫性，推动着汽油产品更新换代，为了提高汽油辛烷值提高炼油工艺技术，或者调入高辛烷值组分，但此方法存在投资大、资源有限以及改变汽油的馏程等问题，而目前所生产的非金属抗爆剂中，最先开始大量使用非金属类的MTBE来调和汽油，但添加量较大，成本高，对环境有一定的影响。也有使用苯胺类汽油抗爆剂，但因为苯胺类汽油抗爆剂毒性较大且不稳定、会降低汽油燃烧速度、导致尾气中氮氧化物超标等问题；因此，对于想更大幅度提高汽油辛烷值的需求，迫切要求市场提供能满足需要的抗爆剂。
发明内容
鉴于此，本发明提出一种非金属汽油抗爆剂及其制备方法，解决上述问题。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：一种非金属汽油抗爆剂：包括以下重量份原料：N-甲基甲酰胺30～80份、甲基叔丁基醚2～8份、1-硝基丙烷2～15份、甘油三软脂酸酯5～20份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚3～18份、助溶剂2～8份；所述助溶剂为甲基乙基酮、2-萘胺、1,5-二甲基己胺。
进一步的，一种非金属汽油抗爆剂，包括以下重量份原料：N-甲基甲酰胺50份、甲基叔丁基醚6份、1-硝基丙烷8份、甘油三软脂酸酯12份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚9份、助溶剂6份；所述助溶剂甲基乙基酮、2-萘胺、1,5-二甲基己胺。
进一步的，所述助溶剂为重量份比1～3:2～8:3～10的甲基乙基酮、2-萘胺、1,5-二甲基己胺。
进一步的，一种非金属汽油抗爆剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将N-甲基甲酰胺、甲基叔丁基醚、1-硝基丙烷加热50～80℃保温混合20～60min，后于超声波频率1000～2500MHz、功率600～800W下超声处理20～40min，得到物料A；
S2、将甘油三软脂酸酯、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚加入至乙醇中浸泡15～30min，在超声频率1800～2400MHz、功率500～700W下超声处理10～30min，得到物料B；
S3、将物料A、物料B按计量依次加入混合罐(1)中超声搅拌3～5min，放置待用；
S4、将助溶剂加入混合罐(1)中，超声搅拌12～18min，得到非金属汽油抗爆剂。
进一步的，所述S3步骤中在温度为30～40℃、压强为100～150Kpa下，将物料A、物料B按计量依次加入混合罐(1)中超声搅拌3～5min。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明的非金属汽油抗爆剂，将原料科学复配，较好的配合性，协同发挥作用，达到提高汽油抗爆性的目的，加入汽油后，能有效提高汽油的氧化速度，降低汽油在燃烧过程中形成的过氧化物浓度，延缓汽油然后的诱导期，从而有效提高汽油辛烷值，同时，还能促进汽油的充分燃烧，有效排除气缸中的燃烧积炭，提高汽油的燃烧效率，满足炼化企业利用石脑油调和国际汽油的要求，可为企业创造客观的经济效益。
具体实施方式
为了更好理解本发明技术内容，下面提供具体实施例，对本发明做进一步的说明。
本发明实施例所用的实验方法如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。
本发明实施例所用的材料、试剂等，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
一种非金属汽油抗爆剂：包括以下重量份原料：N-甲基甲酰胺30份、甲基叔丁基醚2份、1-硝基丙烷2份、甘油三软脂酸酯5份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚3份、助溶剂2份；所述助溶剂为重量份比1:2:3的甲基乙基酮、2-萘胺、1,5-二甲基己胺。
实施例2
一种非金属汽油抗爆剂：包括以下重量份原料：N-甲基甲酰胺80份、甲基叔丁基醚8份、1-硝基丙烷15份、甘油三软脂酸酯20份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚18份、助溶剂8份；所述助溶剂为重量份比3:8:10的甲基乙基酮、2-萘胺、1,5-二甲基己胺。
实施例3
一种非金属汽油抗爆剂：包括以下重量份原料：N-甲基甲酰胺50份、甲基叔丁基醚6份、1-硝基丙烷8份、甘油三软脂酸酯12份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚9份、助溶剂6份；所述助溶剂为重量份比2:5:7的甲基乙基酮、2-萘胺、1,5-二甲基己胺。
上述实施例1～3使用以下制备方法：
S1、将N-甲基甲酰胺、甲基叔丁基醚、1-硝基丙烷加热50～80℃保温混合40min，后于超声波频率1800MHz、功率700W下超声处理30min，得到物料A；
S2、将甘油三软脂酸酯、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚加入至乙醇中浸泡15～30min，在超声频率2000MHz、功率600W下超声处理20min，得到物料B；
S3、在温度为35℃、压强为120Kpa下将物料A、物料B按计量依次加入混合罐(1)中超声搅拌4min，放置待用；
S4、将助溶剂加入混合罐(1)中，超声搅拌15min，得到非金属汽油抗爆剂。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例3的区别在于，一种非金属汽油抗爆剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将N-甲基甲酰胺、甲基叔丁基醚、1-硝基丙烷加热50～80℃保温混合20～60min，后于超声波频率1000MHz、功率600W下超声处理20min，得到物料A；
S2、将甘油三软脂酸酯、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚加入至乙醇中浸泡15min，在超声频率1800MHz、功率500W下超声处理10min，得到物料B；
S3、在温度为30℃、压强为100Kpa下将物料A、物料B按计量依次加入混合罐(1)中超声搅拌3min，放置待用；
S4、将助溶剂加入混合罐(1)中，超声搅拌12min，得到非金属汽油抗爆剂。
实施例5
本实施例与实施例3的区别在于，一种非金属汽油抗爆剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将N-甲基甲酰胺、甲基叔丁基醚、1-硝基丙烷加热50～80℃保温混合60min，后于超声波频率2500MHz、功率800W下超声处理40min，得到物料A；
S2、将甘油三软脂酸酯、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚加入至乙醇中浸泡30min，在超声频率2400MHz、功率700W下超声处理30min，得到物料B；
S3、在温度为40℃、压强为150Kpa下将物料A、物料B按计量依次加入混合罐(1)中超声搅拌5min，放置待用；
S4、将助溶剂加入混合罐(1)中，超声搅拌18min，得到非金属汽油抗爆剂。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例3的区别在于，一种非金属汽油抗爆剂：包括以下重量份原料：N-甲基甲酰胺20份、甲基叔丁基醚10份、1-硝基丙烷18份、甘油三软脂酸酯25份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚20份、助溶剂10份；所述助溶剂为重量份比2:5:7的甲基乙基酮、2-萘胺、1,5-二甲基己胺。
对比例2
本对比例与实施例3的区别在于，一种非金属汽油抗爆剂，所述助溶剂为重量份比4:1:2的甲基乙基酮、2-萘胺、1,5-二甲基己胺。
对比例3
本对比例与实施例3的区别在于，一种非金属汽油抗爆剂中助溶剂为重量份比2:5:7的异丁醇、异丙醇、正丁醇。
一、辛烷值(RON)测定
将本发明实施例1～5和对比例1～3制得的抗爆剂加入到辛烷值为85的基础油中，按照GB/T503-1995辛烷值测定法测定汽油的辛烷值，结果如下表：
| 复合抗爆剂加入量％ | 辛烷值RON | △RON | |
| 实施例1 | 0.8 | 92.4 | 5.6 |
| 实施例2 | 0.8 | 95.2 | 5.8 |
| 实施例3 | 0.8 | 96.5 | 6.5 |
| 实施例4 | 0.8 | 94.4 | 5.6 |
| 实施例5 | 0.8 | 95.3 | 5.7 |
| 对比例1 | 0.8 | 89.2 | 3.1 |
| 对比例2 | 0.8 | 88.5 | 3.2 |
| 对比例3 | 0.8 | 85.6 | 2.9 |
由上述表格可知，本发明所述的抗爆剂能提高汽油的辛烷值，其中实施例1～5能提高3～6个单位，而且和对比例1～3对比，抗爆剂各组分的配比形成优良的协同效应，所制得的抗爆剂具有良好提升辛烷值的性能，而抑制剂在抗爆剂中能和其他组分结合起到较好的抗爆性能，显著提高汽油品质。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种非金属汽油抗爆剂，其特征在于：包括以下重量份原料：N-甲基甲酰胺30～80份、甲基叔丁基醚2～8份、1-硝基丙烷2～15份、甘油三软脂酸酯5～20份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚3～18份、助溶剂2～8份；所述助溶剂由甲基乙基酮、2-萘胺和1,5-二甲基己胺制得。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种非金属汽油抗爆剂，其特征在于：包括以下重量份原料：N-甲基甲酰胺50份、甲基叔丁基醚6份、1-硝基丙烷8份、甘油三软脂酸酯12份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚9份、助溶剂6份；所述助溶剂甲基乙基酮、2-萘胺、1,5-二甲基己胺。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种非金属汽油抗爆剂，其特征在于：所述助溶剂由重量份比1～3:2～8:3～10的甲基乙基酮、2-萘胺、1,5-二甲基己胺制得。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种非金属汽油抗爆剂的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
S1、将N-甲基甲酰胺、甲基叔丁基醚、1-硝基丙烷加热50～80℃保温混合20～60min，后于超声波频率1000～2500MHz、功率600～800W下超声处理20～40min，得到物料A；
S2、将甘油三软脂酸酯、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚加入至乙醇中浸泡15～30min，在超声频率1800～2400MHz、功率500～700W下超声处理10～30min，得到物料B；
S3、将物料A、物料B按计量依次加入混合罐(1)中超声搅拌3～5min，放置待用；
S4、将助溶剂加入混合罐(1)中，超声搅拌12～18min，得到非金属汽油抗爆剂。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种非金属汽油抗爆剂的制备方法，其特征在于：。所述S3步骤中在温度为30～40℃、压强为100～150Kpa下，将物料A、物料B按计量依次加入混合罐(1)中超声搅拌3～5min。
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