CN108587705A - 一种非金属汽油抗爆剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种非金属汽油抗爆剂,各有效成分及其重量份数满足要求:酯类辛烷值改进剂15‑40份,胺类辛烷值改进剂10‑20份,醚类辛烷值改进剂15‑30份,酰胺类辛烷值改进剂10‑20份,有机酚类辛烷值改进剂15‑30份,醇类辛烷值改进剂3‑8份,清洁分散剂3‑8份,助溶剂3‑8份。一种非金属汽油抗爆剂的制备方法:(1)按照前述要求称量相应重量份数的各有效成分;(2)将各成分依次投入到带有搅拌装置的反应釜内充分混合搅拌均匀;(3)静置一小时以上即可。本发明有效促使汽油辛烷值提高,提高汽油的耐氧化性,保证汽油的指标、质量,减少尾气排放对环境的危害;其具有可预期的较为巨大的经济价值和社会价值。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及石油产品车用燃料添加剂技术领域,特别提供了一种非金属汽油抗爆剂及其制备方法。
背景技术:
随着社会的不断发展和科学技术的不断进步,由于人们对车用燃料的环保意识不断提升,相关科技人员也在不断研发车用燃料添加剂,提高车用汽油的辛烷值、提高其抗爆性,即抗汽油发动机的爆震。
那么,何为汽油发动机的爆震呢?汽油发动机当工作时,空气与燃料油充分混合,在进气行程进入燃烧室后,活塞在压缩行程时将其压缩,火花塞将高压混合气点燃后其燃烧所产生的压力则转换成发动机运转的动力;由于发动机内混合气燃烧不同步,即造成发动机内的混合气在燃烧过程中发生不同步爆发的异常燃烧,燃烧室内油气点火后火焰尚未完全扩散,行程未燃的油气,即因为高温、高压而自燃,其火焰与正规燃烧的火焰撞击而产生极大压力,使得发动机产生不正常的敲击,发出特有的撞击声,此即发动机的“爆震燃烧”简称“爆震”。
现有技术中使用抗汽油发动机所产生的爆震即为抗爆性。目前,提高汽油辛烷值是提高抗爆性的主要技术手段,但由于抗爆剂大都含有金属如四已基铅、二茂铁、甲基环戊二烯三羰基锰(MMT)等;随着抗爆剂的逐渐升级,二茂铁、四已基铅、已被淘汰,汽油标准只许加入甲基环戊二烯三羰基锰(MMT),即车用无铅汽油国家标准《GB17930-20061》的研究法辛烷值和抗爆指数。但甲基环戊二烯三羰基锰(MMT)的含量限定在 18mg/L~16mg/L,而国六(IV)车用汽油的锰含量(MMT)被限定在8mg/L,参见车用汽油国家标准《GB17930-2011》。
含有金属的汽油抗爆剂在提高汽油辛烷值方面虽然有一定的作用,但也有一定的弊端,如会在发动机内部产生一定的金属沉积物,使缸体磨损,点火不良等故障,这些含有金属的排放气体对环境保护也有一定的负面影响。因此发展非金属汽油抗爆机(汽油辛烷值提高剂)是今后汽车发动机抗爆添加剂的一个重要的技术改进方向。目前市面上的大多非金属汽油抗爆剂会使汽油加速氧化,促使胶质含量增加,影响发动机的正常工作,而且辛烷值提升率不高。
因此,为解决上述汽油添加剂的缺点和不足,延长汽油发动机的寿命,减少对环境的危害;人们期望获得一种技术效果优良的非金属汽油抗爆剂及其制备方法。
发明内容:
本发明的目的是提供一种技术效果优良的非金属汽油抗爆剂及其制备方法。促使辛烷值提升率高,抗爆性能强,提高汽油的耐氧化性,降低汽油的胶质含量,延长发动机的使用寿命,保证汽油的指标、质量,减少尾气排放对环境的危害。
本发明提供了一种非金属汽油抗爆剂,其特征在于:其所包含的各有效成分以及各自的相对重量份数满足下述要求:
酯类辛烷值改进剂15-40份,胺类辛烷值改进剂10-20份,醚类辛烷值改进剂15-30份,酰胺类辛烷值改进剂10-20份,有机酚类辛烷值改进剂15-30份,醇类辛烷值改进剂3-8份,清洁分散剂3-8份,助溶剂3-8份。
所述非金属汽油抗爆剂,优选要求保护的技术内容是:
所述酯类辛烷值改进剂为下述的几种之一或其组合:乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丁酯;
所述胺类辛烷值改进剂为下述的几种之一或其组合:N.N甲基苯胺、邻甲基苯胺、叔丁基二甲胺、环己胺;
所述醚类辛烷值改进剂为甲基叔丁基醚;
所述酰胺类辛烷值改进剂为下述的几种之一或其组合:甲基丙烯酰胺、 N.N甲苯甲酰胺、乙酰胺;
所述有机酚类辛烷值改进剂为下述的几种之一或其组合:甲酚、混甲酚、对叔丁基酚、对苯二酚;
所述醇类辛烷值改进剂为下述的几种之一或其组合:异丁醇、异戊醇、正丁醇、环己醇;
所述清洁分散剂为聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺;
所述的助溶剂为下述的几种之一或其组合:甲苯、为甲苯、芳烃溶剂。
所述非金属汽油抗爆剂所包含的各有效成分以及各自的相对重量份数满足下述要求:
酯类辛烷值改进剂15-40份,胺类辛烷值改进剂10-20份,醚类辛烷值改进剂15-30份,酰胺类辛烷值改进剂10-20份,有机酚类辛烷值改进剂 15-30份,醇类辛烷值改进剂3-8份,清洁分散剂3-8份,助溶剂3-8份。
本发明还涉及一种非金属汽油抗爆剂的制备方法,其特征在于:依次按照下述步骤即能够制备得到所述非金属汽油抗爆剂:
(1)按照下述要求称量各有效成分以及各自的相对重量份数:酯类辛烷值改进剂15-40份,胺类辛烷值改进剂10-20份,醚类辛烷值改进剂15-30 份,酰胺类辛烷值改进剂10-20份,有机酚类辛烷值改进剂15-30份,醇类辛烷值改进剂3-8份,清洁分散剂3-8份,助溶剂3-8份;
(2)将计量好的各类辛烷值改进剂按照(1)的配比要求依次投入到带有搅拌装置的反应釜内充分混合搅拌均匀;每加一种辛烷值改进剂搅拌 10分钟,之后再加入下一种;全部加完后搅拌1小时,之后静置反应1小时以上即得到所述非金属汽油抗爆剂。
所述非金属汽油抗爆剂的制备方法,优选要求保护的技术内容是:
所述酯类辛烷值改进剂为下述的几种之一或其组合:乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丁酯;
所述胺类辛烷值改进剂为下述的几种之一或其组合:N.N甲基苯胺、邻甲基苯胺、叔丁基二甲胺、环己胺;
所述醚类辛烷值改进剂为甲基叔丁基醚;
所述酰胺类辛烷值改进剂为下述的几种之一或其组合:甲基丙烯酰胺、 N.N甲苯甲酰胺、乙酰胺;
所述有机酚类辛烷值改进剂为下述的几种之一或其组合:甲酚、混甲酚、对叔丁基酚、对苯二酚;
所述醇类辛烷值改进剂为下述的几种之一或其组合:异丁醇、异戊醇、正丁醇、环己醇;
所述清洁分散剂为聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺;
所述的助溶剂为下述的几种之一或其组合:甲苯、为甲苯、芳烃溶剂。
所述非金属汽油抗爆剂的制备方法中,步骤(1)中称量各有效成分的相对重量份数要求如下:酯类辛烷值改进剂15-40份,胺类辛烷值改进剂 10-20份,醚类辛烷值改进剂15-30份,酰胺类辛烷值改进剂10-20份,有机酚类辛烷值改进剂15-30份,醇类辛烷值改进剂3-8份,清洁分散剂3-8 份,助溶剂3-8份。
本发明所述的非金属汽油抗爆剂实质为一种汽油辛烷值防爆剂,其能够有效促使辛烷值提升率高,抗爆性能强,提高汽油的耐氧化性,降低汽油的胶质含量,延长发动机的使用寿命,保证汽油的指标、质量,减少尾气排放对环境的危害。
本发明可使汽油辛烷值提高3.0-8.0个单位。
本发明中酯类辛烷值改进剂、胺类辛烷值改进剂、酰胺类辛烷值改进剂,为提高辛烷值正协同作用。有机酚类辛烷值改进剂属阻聚剂能阻止汽油在燃烧时部分烯烃高温下再聚合生成胶质,提高油的品质。抗氧剂能提高油品耐氧性,降低胶质含量。清洁分散剂具有良好的清洁分散性,可抑制发动机活塞上的积碳生成。溶剂可为各类辛烷值改进剂增进互溶并能协同提高辛烷值指数。
本发明公开了一种非金属汽油抗爆剂(汽油辛烷值提高剂)的技术配方及生产工艺流程,属于石油产品车用燃料添加剂领域,本发明成分由酯类辛烷值改进剂、有机酚类辛烷值改进剂、胺类辛烷值改进剂、有机酰胺类辛烷值改进剂、醇类辛烷值改进剂、醚类辛烷值改进剂、清洁分散剂、助溶剂组成。按配比使其搅拌均匀、静置1小时以上即可,该非金属汽油抗爆机(辛烷值提高剂)可提高辛烷值3.0-8.0个单位,抗爆性能强、提高汽油的耐氧化性、降低汽油的胶质含量,清洁分散抑制发动机活塞上的积碳生成,阻止汽油里的部分烯烃在发动机工作时高温下再次聚合生成胶质,保证汽油的指标、质量,尾气排放降低环保污染。相对于现有技术而言,本发明技术效果优良,其具有可预期的较为巨大的经济价值和社会价值。
具体实施方式:
实施例1
取酯类辛烷值改进剂15g,有机酚类辛烷值改进剂20g胺类辛烷值改进剂15g、酰胺类辛烷值改进剂15g、醇类辛烷值改进剂5g、醚类辛烷值改进剂20g、抗氧化剂2.5g、清洁分散剂2.5g、助溶剂5g。
(3)生产工艺制备流程:将上述各类辛烷值改进剂按配比逐样投入到带有搅拌的反应釜里,每加一种辛烷值改进剂搅拌10分钟,之后再加入下一种;全部加完后搅拌1小时后,静置反应1小时以上即得到所述非金属汽油抗爆剂。混合搅拌均匀后静置1小时以上即可。
实施例2
取酯类辛烷值改进剂10g,有机酚类辛烷值改进剂20g、胺类辛烷值改进剂15g、酰胺类辛烷值改进剂15g、醇类辛烷值改进剂5g、醚类辛烷值改进剂20g、抗氧化剂2.5g、清洁分散剂2.5g、助溶剂5g。
生产工艺制备流程:将上述各类辛烷值改进剂按配比投入到带有搅拌的反应釜里,每加一种辛烷值改进剂搅拌10分钟,之后再加入下一种;全部加完后搅拌1小时后,静置反应1小时以上即得到所述非金属汽油抗爆剂。(本实施例2加入到催化重整汽油中,辛烷值提高率见表1)
将实施例2所制备的非金属抗爆剂加入到催化重整汽油中,参见表1。
表1
实施例3
取酯类辛烷值改进剂20g,有机酚类辛烷值改进剂20g、胺类辛烷值改进剂15g、酰胺类辛烷值改进剂20g、醇类辛烷值改进剂5g、醚类辛烷值改进剂10g、抗氧化剂2.5g、清洁分散剂2.5g、助溶剂5g。
生产工艺制备流程:将上述各类辛烷值改进剂按配比投入到带有搅拌的反应釜里,每加一种辛烷值改进剂搅拌10分钟,之后再加入下一种;全部加完后搅拌1小时后,静置反应1小时以上即得非金属汽油抗爆剂。
实施例4
取酯类辛烷值改进剂30g,有机酚类辛烷值改进剂15g、胺类辛烷值改进剂15g、酰胺类辛烷值改进剂10g、醇类辛烷值改进剂5g、醚类辛烷值改进剂15g、抗氧化剂2.5g、清洁分散剂2.5g、助溶剂5g。
生产工艺制备流程:将上述各类辛烷值改进剂按配比投入到带有搅拌的反应釜里,每加一种辛烷值改进剂搅拌10分钟,之后再加入下一种;全部加完后搅拌1小时后,静置反应1小时以上即得到非金属汽油抗爆剂。(本实施例4加入到直流汽油中,辛烷值提高率见表2)
将实施例4所制备的非金属抗爆剂加入到直流汽油中,参见表2。
表2
实施例5
取酯类辛烷值改进剂15g,有机酚类辛烷值改进剂20g、胺类辛烷值改进剂10g、酰胺类辛烷值改进剂15g、醇类辛烷值改进剂5g、醚类辛烷值改进剂25g、抗氧化剂2.5g、清洁分散剂2.5g、助溶剂5g。
生产工艺制备流程:将上述各类辛烷值改进剂按配比投入到带有搅拌的反应釜里,每加一种辛烷值改进剂搅拌10分钟,之后再加入下一种;全部加完后搅拌1小时后,静置反应1小时以上即得到非金属汽油抗爆剂。
补充说明:从实验例2-5所对应的表1、表2看出本发明非金属汽油抗爆剂(汽油辛烷值提高剂)可提高辛烷值3.0-8.0个单位。
取实施例4所制备的非金属汽油抗爆剂按质量比3%加入87#催化重整汽油中,再根据国V标准对加抗爆剂前和加抗爆剂后汽油的各项指标进行检测,加抗爆剂后汽油各项指标达到国v标准见车用汽油国家标准《GB17930-2013》,具体数据如表3。
表3
Claims (6)
1.一种非金属汽油抗爆剂,其特征在于:其所包含的各有效成分以及各自的相对重量份数满足下述要求:
酯类辛烷值改进剂15-40份,胺类辛烷值改进剂10-20份,醚类辛烷值改进剂15-30份,酰胺类辛烷值改进剂10-20份,有机酚类辛烷值改进剂15-30份,醇类辛烷值改进剂3-8份,清洁分散剂3-8份,助溶剂3-8份。
2.按照权利要求1所述非金属汽油抗爆剂,其特征在于:
所述酯类辛烷值改进剂为下述的几种之一或其组合:乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丁酯;
所述胺类辛烷值改进剂为下述的几种之一或其组合:N.N甲基苯胺、邻甲基苯胺、叔丁基二甲胺、环己胺;
所述醚类辛烷值改进剂为甲基叔丁基醚;
所述酰胺类辛烷值改进剂为下述的几种之一或其组合:甲基丙烯酰胺、N.N甲苯甲酰胺、乙酰胺;
所述有机酚类辛烷值改进剂为下述的几种之一或其组合:甲酚、混甲酚、对叔丁基酚、对苯二酚;
所述醇类辛烷值改进剂为下述的几种之一或其组合:异丁醇、异戊醇、正丁醇、环己醇;
所述清洁分散剂为聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺;
所述的助溶剂为下述的几种之一或其组合:甲苯、为甲苯、芳烃溶剂。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述非金属汽油抗爆剂,其特征在于:
所述非金属汽油抗爆剂中各有效成分的相对重量份数满足下述要求:
酯类辛烷值改进剂15-40份,胺类辛烷值改进剂10-20份,醚类辛烷值改进剂15-30份,酰胺类辛烷值改进剂10-20份,有机酚类辛烷值改进剂15-30份,醇类辛烷值改进剂3-8份,清洁分散剂3-8份,助溶剂3-8份。
4.一种非金属汽油抗爆剂的制备方法,其特征在于:依次按照下述步骤即能够制备得到所述非金属汽油抗爆剂:
(1)按照下述要求称量各有效成分以及各自的相对重量份数:
酯类辛烷值改进剂15-40份,胺类辛烷值改进剂10-20份,醚类辛烷值改进剂15-30份,酰胺类辛烷值改进剂10-20份,有机酚类辛烷值改进剂15-30份,醇类辛烷值改进剂3-8份,清洁分散剂3-8份,助溶剂3-8份;
(2)将计量好的各类辛烷值改进剂按上述(1)配比依次投入到带有搅拌装置的反应釜内充分混合搅拌均匀;每加一种辛烷值改进剂搅拌10分钟,之后再加入下一种;全部加完后搅拌1小时后,静置反应1小时以上即得到所述非金属汽油抗爆剂。
5.权利要求4所述非金属汽油抗爆剂的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述酯类辛烷值改进剂为下述的几种之一或其组合:乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丁酯;
所述胺类辛烷值改进剂为下述的几种之一或其组合:N.N甲基苯胺、邻甲基苯胺、叔丁基二甲胺、环己胺;
所述醚类辛烷值改进剂为甲基叔丁基醚;
所述酰胺类辛烷值改进剂为下述的几种之一或其组合:甲基丙烯酰胺、N.N甲苯甲酰胺、乙酰胺;
所述有机酚类辛烷值改进剂为下述的几种之一或其组合:甲酚、混甲酚、对叔丁基酚、对苯二酚;
所述醇类辛烷值改进剂为下述的几种之一或其组合:异丁醇、异戊醇、正丁醇、环己醇;
所述清洁分散剂为聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺;
所述的助溶剂为下述的几种之一或其组合:甲苯、为甲苯、芳烃溶剂。
6.权利要求4或5所述非金属汽油抗爆剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中称量各有效成分的相对重量份数要求如下:酯类辛烷值改进剂15-40份,胺类辛烷值改进剂10-20份,醚类辛烷值改进剂15-30份,酰胺类辛烷值改进剂10-20份,有机酚类辛烷值改进剂15-30份,醇类辛烷值改进剂3-8份,清洁分散剂3-8份,助溶剂3-8份。
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