CN106987288A - 汽油燃料抗爆剂 - Google Patents

汽油燃料抗爆剂 Download PDF

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CN106987288A
CN106987288A CN201710295566.5A CN201710295566A CN106987288A CN 106987288 A CN106987288 A CN 106987288A CN 201710295566 A CN201710295566 A CN 201710295566A CN 106987288 A CN106987288 A CN 106987288A
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马健
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    • C10L1/183—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
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    • C10L10/10—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
    • C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
    • C10L2270/023—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for gasoline engines

Abstract

本发明属于燃料添加剂技术领域，特别涉及一种汽油燃料抗爆剂，由以下重量份的原料制成：醇类30～60份，2‑十二烷基对甲酚12～28份，乙酰谷酰胺8～16份，二环己胺2～10份，丙酸苄酯1～8份。本发明的抗爆剂能够有效提高汽油的辛烷值，提高抗爆能力。

Description

汽油燃料抗爆剂
技术领域
本发明属于燃料添加剂技术领域，特别涉及一种汽油燃料抗爆剂。
背景技术
辛烷值是车用汽油最重要的质量指标，它综合反映一个国家炼油工业水平和车辆设计水平，在汽油中添加抗爆剂是提高车用汽油辛烷值的重要手段。汽油抗爆剂可提高汽油的抗爆性能，即车用无铅汽油国家标准《GB17930-20061》的研究法辛烷值和抗爆指数，是生产高标号汽油的主要手段。
汽油在汽缸中按自由基链反应机理燃烧，包括链的引发、链传递、链的支化、链终止等步骤。爆震是一种当汽油机的压缩比与汽油燃料的辛烷值不匹配时出现的不正常燃烧现象，产生爆震的原因是：汽油/空气混合气点火后，随着最初火焰中的在汽缸中的传播，未燃混合气受到已燃气体燃烧产生的压力和热的作用，氧化反应增强，过氧化物迅速分解，自由基支链反应剧增，未燃混合气的温度在最初火焰前锋到达之前已经发生自燃而爆炸燃烧，在汽缸内产生多个燃烧中心，各火焰前锋同时向前推进，产生爆震波发生爆震现象。
汽油抗爆剂的作用是抑制燃烧反应的自动加速，将汽油的燃烧速度限制在正常的范围内，即在火焰的前锋到达之前，抑制烃类自燃，使未燃烧的混合气体的自燃诱导期延长，使火焰的传播速度增加，达到消除燃料爆震燃烧的目的。
所以汽油抗爆性是汽油质量最重要的指标之一，通常用辛烷值来衡量，汽油辛烷值大，抗震性好，质量也好。现有的提高汽油辛烷值的方法有三种：(1)向汽油组分中添加抗爆剂；(2)通过催化裂化、重整、烷基化等石油炼制手段；(3)把不同辛烷值的汽油组分按照最优的比例调和到一起。而第一种方法添加抗爆剂既简便又低成本所以使用非常广泛。
随着人们环保意识的增强，通用的高效的含铅、锰或铁的金属有机类抗爆剂因为铅本身的毒性和其他金属类化合物产生的颗粒物污染及其对发动机汽缸和排气系统等元素的危害，已逐渐被取代和停止使用。
因此研制新型、高效、清洁的汽油抗爆剂是当今国内外石油炼制行业面临的一项急需解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供汽油燃料抗爆剂，该抗爆剂能够有效提高汽油的辛烷值，提高抗爆能力。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
本发明提供汽油燃料抗爆剂，由以下重量份的原料制成：醇类30～60份，2-十二烷基对甲酚12～28份，乙酰谷酰胺8～16份，二环己胺2～10份，丙酸苄酯1～8份。
作为优选，本发明所述的汽油燃料抗爆剂，由以下重量份的原料制成：醇类35～55份，2-十二烷基对甲酚16～24份，乙酰谷酰胺10～14份，二环己胺4～8份，丙酸苄酯2～6份。
作为优选，本发明所述的汽油燃料抗爆剂，由以下重量份的原料制成：醇类45份，2-十二烷基对甲酚20份，乙酰谷酰胺12份，二环己胺6份，丙酸苄酯4份。
作为优选，本发明所述的醇类为二元醇和或多元醇。
作为优选，本发明所述的二元醇为乙二醇、丙二醇、戊乙二醇中的一种。
作为优选，本发明所述的多元醇为丙三醇或季戊四醇。
本发明的抗爆剂能够清除汽油燃烧残留，保持了燃料系统的清洁，分散油品中形成的沉渣，降低了对发动机的损耗和发生故障的几率，增强了汽油的燃烧及储运稳定性，同时对发动机的起到了很好的保护作用，延长了发动机的使用寿命，具有良好的应用前景。
本发明的抗爆剂能够延缓油品的氧化，减少了胶质及沉质，提高了汽油的储运安全性和稳定性，改进了汽油的储运期，证汽油产品的品质。
本发明的抗爆剂在提高汽油的抗爆性同时，能够减少汽车尾气中有害物质的排放，有效的减少了对环境的污染，对保护生态环境及社会的可持续发展具有积极的作用。
本发明的抗爆剂完全不含铅、铁、锰等金属，在汽油中添加这种非金属抗爆剂，由于没有金属沉积，所以对火花塞、发动机无不良影响，能够延长发动机的使用寿命，减少对环境的污染和人体的损害。
本发明的抗爆剂的添加量为汽油质量的0.001％～0.008％。
通过添加本发明的抗爆剂，能够提高汽油辛烷值2～9个单位。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明并不局限于这些实施例。
实施例1
汽油燃料抗爆剂，由以下重量份的原料制成(140℃搅拌反应30min)：乙二醇30份，2-十二烷基对甲酚28份，乙酰谷酰胺8份，二环己胺10份，丙酸苄酯1份。
添加量为汽油质量的0.001％，经检测，提高汽油辛烷值2个单位。
实施例2
汽油燃料抗爆剂，由以下重量份的原料制成(150℃搅拌反应25min)：丙二醇35份，2-十二烷基对甲酚24份，乙酰谷酰胺10份，二环己胺8份，丙酸苄酯2份。
添加量为汽油质量的0.002％，经检测，提高汽油辛烷值8个单位。
实施例3
汽油燃料抗爆剂，由以下重量份的原料制成(160℃搅拌反应30min)：乙二醇25份，丙三醇20份，2-十二烷基对甲酚20份，乙酰谷酰胺12份，二环己胺6份，丙酸苄酯4份。
添加量为汽油质量的0.004％，经检测，提高汽油辛烷值6个单位。
实施例4
汽油燃料抗爆剂，由以下重量份的原料制成(160℃搅拌反应25min)：戊乙二醇55份，2-十二烷基对甲酚16份，乙酰谷酰胺14份，二环己胺4份，丙酸苄酯6份。
添加量为汽油质量的0.006％，经检测，提高汽油辛烷值9个单位。
实施例5
汽油燃料抗爆剂，由以下重量份的原料制成(170℃搅拌反应20min)：季戊四醇60份，2-十二烷基对甲酚12份，乙酰谷酰胺16份，二环己胺2份，丙酸苄酯8份。
添加量为汽油质量的0.008％，经检测，提高汽油辛烷值8个单位。

Claims (6)

1.汽油燃料抗爆剂，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制成：醇类30～60份，2-十二烷基对甲酚12～28份，乙酰谷酰胺8～16份，二环己胺2～10份，丙酸苄酯1～8份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的汽油燃料抗爆剂，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制成：醇类35～55份，2-十二烷基对甲酚16～24份，乙酰谷酰胺10～14份，二环己胺4～8份，丙酸苄酯2～6份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的汽油燃料抗爆剂，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制成：醇类45份，2-十二烷基对甲酚20份，乙酰谷酰胺12份，二环己胺6份，丙酸苄酯4份。
4.根据权利要求1～3任意一项所述的汽油燃料抗爆剂，其特征在于：所述的醇类为二元醇和或多元醇。
5.根据权利要求4所述的汽油燃料抗爆剂，其特征在于：所述的二元醇为乙二醇、丙二醇、戊乙二醇中的一种。
6.根据权利要求4所述的汽油燃料抗爆剂，其特征在于：所述的多元醇为丙三醇或季戊四醇。
CN201710295566.5A 2017-04-28 2017-04-28 汽油燃料抗爆剂 Pending CN106987288A (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107916147A (zh) * 2017-12-15 2018-04-17 四川理工学院 一种非金属汽油添加剂及其制备方法
CN108587708A (zh) * 2018-02-10 2018-09-28 曹玉会 一种汽车尾气清洁剂及其制备方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101144041A (zh) * 2006-09-14 2008-03-19 武汉市地博石化有限公司 一种车用汽油抗爆剂混合物
CN103074126A (zh) * 2013-01-31 2013-05-01 北京泰龙万达节能技术研究所 一种无灰汽油抗爆剂

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101144041A (zh) * 2006-09-14 2008-03-19 武汉市地博石化有限公司 一种车用汽油抗爆剂混合物
CN103074126A (zh) * 2013-01-31 2013-05-01 北京泰龙万达节能技术研究所 一种无灰汽油抗爆剂

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107916147A (zh) * 2017-12-15 2018-04-17 四川理工学院 一种非金属汽油添加剂及其制备方法
CN107916147B (zh) * 2017-12-15 2020-04-28 四川理工学院 一种非金属汽油添加剂及其制备方法
CN108587708A (zh) * 2018-02-10 2018-09-28 曹玉会 一种汽车尾气清洁剂及其制备方法

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Application publication date: 20170728