CN112755964B - 负载季磷基低共熔溶剂的活性炭脱硫剂及制备和使用方法 - Google Patents

负载季磷基低共熔溶剂的活性炭脱硫剂及制备和使用方法 Download PDF

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CN112755964B
CN112755964B CN202011499490.6A CN202011499490A CN112755964B CN 112755964 B CN112755964 B CN 112755964B CN 202011499490 A CN202011499490 A CN 202011499490A CN 112755964 B CN112755964 B CN 112755964B
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赵永奇
余江龙
窦金孝
魏傲然
田露
段晓谞
柴红宁
张春霞
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University of Science and Technology Liaoning USTL
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Abstract

本发明的目的是针对于负载型低共熔溶剂研究较少的问题,提供了一种负载季磷基低共熔溶剂的活性炭脱硫剂及制备和使用方法,属于烟气净化技术领域。本发明的负载季磷基低共熔溶剂的活性炭脱硫剂,由乙二醇、甲基三苯基溴化膦和活性炭组成;其中,乙二醇与甲基三苯基溴化膦形成低共熔溶剂,低共熔溶剂附着在活性炭的孔隙表面。本发明的脱硫剂是将低共熔溶剂负载到活性炭上,提高了脱硫剂对SO2的吸附能力,并且降低了低共熔溶剂的粘度,从而降低了气体的扩散阻力,并且还可以减少低共熔溶剂的用量。该发明的制备方法简单,无二次污染。

Description

负载季磷基低共熔溶剂的活性炭脱硫剂及制备和使用方法
技术领域
本发明属于烟气净化技术领域,涉及一种新型烟气脱硫吸附剂及其制备和使用方法。
背景技术
我国经济的快速发展离不开化石燃料提供的能量,尤其我国是以煤炭为主导的国家,所需发电主要依靠煤炭,因此,电厂烟气中含有大量的SO2、NOx,是大气中酸性气体污染物的主要来源。尤其是近年来环境污染越来越严重。燃煤电厂造成的污染已经成为政府治理环境的重中之重。在我国,烟气脱硫技术中最成熟和常用的工艺技术是灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫技术。但目前该技术投资和运行成本较高,容易造成设备的结垢、腐蚀、磨损。此外,脱硫后的副产物在工厂主要以堆积为主,难以进行进一步的处理,已成为继火电厂粉煤灰后的第二大固体废物,对气候、土壤、植物和人类健康都存在很大的危害。
低共熔溶剂(Deep Eutectic Solvents,DES)是由氢键受体和氢键供体按照一定化学计量比组成的在室温下呈现液态的离子液体类似物。低共熔溶剂(DES)与离子液体(ILs)的性质相似,并具有环境友好、不可燃、粘度小,生物降解好、廉价等优点。基于低共熔溶剂的结构可设计性,采用不同的氢键受体和氢键供体合成新型绿色溶剂,以用来除去烟气中的SO2。低共熔溶剂负载化可有效降低其粘度,从而降低了气体的扩散阻力,并且还可以减少低共熔溶剂的用量,间接降低了工业应用上的成本。至今为止,文献(田晋平-负载型离子液体溴代正丁基吡啶/活性炭吸附SO2;张佩文-多孔材料负载离子液体在吸收SO2、NO2、CO2中的应用)和专利(王建英-用于吸收SO2气体的PEG基功能化咪唑类离子液体及其制备方法和应用)中更多的介绍了负载型离子液体进行酸性气体的吸附,而关于活性炭负载低共熔溶剂用于烟气脱硫还未见报道。因此,利用活性炭负载高效低粘度的季磷基低共熔溶剂为新型低价脱硫剂的研制提供了新的思路。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对于负载型低共熔溶剂研究较少的问题,提供了一种负载季磷基低共熔溶剂的活性炭脱硫剂及制备和使用方法。本发明的脱硫剂是将低共熔溶剂负载到活性炭上,提高了脱硫剂对SO2的吸附能力,并且降低了低共熔溶剂的粘度,从而降低了气体的扩散阻力,并且还可以减少低共熔溶剂的用量。该发明的制备方法简单,无二次污染。
本发明的技术方案之一为,一种负载季磷基低共熔溶剂的活性炭脱硫剂,由乙二醇、甲基三苯基溴化膦和活性炭组成;其中,乙二醇与甲基三苯基溴化膦形成低共熔溶剂,低共熔溶剂附着在活性炭的孔隙表面;
进一步,上述脱硫剂,乙二醇与甲基三苯基溴化膦的摩尔比为5∶1-40∶1,(乙二醇+甲基三苯基溴化膦)/活性炭的质量比为0.1~0.4∶1;
进一步,上述脱硫剂,活性炭为生物质活性炭,如椰壳壳活性炭、核桃壳活性炭等。
本发明的技术方案之二为,上述负载季磷基低共熔溶剂的活性炭脱硫剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将原料乙二醇和甲基三苯基溴化磷按照5∶1-40∶1的摩尔比混合,在30~40℃下搅拌至透明状,得到季磷基低共熔溶剂;
2)将低共熔溶剂与乙醇混合均匀,再按低共熔溶剂与活性炭的质量比为0.1~0.4∶1的比例加入活性炭,在密封条件下,利用200~250W、35~45KHz的超声波辅助浸渍30~60min,然后在真空干燥箱90~100℃干燥至恒重,既得。
本发明的技术方案之三为,上述负载季磷基低共熔溶剂的活性炭脱硫剂的使用方法,将SO2浓度300~700ppm的烟气,以400~700ml/min的流速,在20~30℃条件下通入脱硫剂中。
进一步的,上述负载季磷基低共熔溶剂的活性炭脱硫剂的使用方法,将吸附有SO2的脱硫剂加热至30~35℃,即可脱附SO2
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
1)吸附剂具有吸附选择性,能较好的吸收烟气中的SO2
2)吸附的SO2气体,经加热能够脱附出来,得到高纯度的SO2气体,利于回收使用;
3)设备操作简单,资成本降低;
4)利用生物质活性炭,减少了化石材料的使用。
5)椰壳活性炭是黑色粉末或者颗粒状的无定型碳,属于可再生资源,且含碳量较高,椰壳活性炭孔隙结构发达,比表面积在1000m2/g以上,在其表面含有丰富的含氧官能团,其巨大的比表面积可充分负载一定量的低共熔溶剂,二者协同吸附烟气中的SO2,吸附效果更好。
附图说明
图1、实施例1中脱硫剂的制备工艺流程图;
图2、实施例1中脱硫剂的红外谱图;
图3、实施例1~4中不同负载量脱硫剂的效率曲线变化。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种脱硫剂的制备方法,制备工艺流程图见图1。
称取分析纯的乙二醇50ml、加入8.04g的甲基三苯基溴化膦,在40℃下磁力搅拌30min,得到摩尔比为40∶1的季磷基低共熔溶剂。
分别称取上述配制的低共熔溶剂1g、2g、2.5g、3g、4g分别加入到5个50ml的烧杯中,然后各加入20ml的无水乙醇,混合均匀,再分别将10g干燥的椰壳活性炭样品加入5个烧杯中,密封后放入200W、45KHz的超声波清洗器中浸渍1h,超声结束后放入真空烘箱中90℃烘干至恒重,得到脱硫剂A1-A5
通过图2的红外谱图可以看出,活性炭样品在700-800cm-1的位置上明显的出现了苯环的吸收峰,在1470cm-1的位置出现了甲基三苯基溴化磷中CH3-的吸收峰,在3470cm-1的位置出现了乙二醇的OH峰,这证明制备的季磷基低共熔溶剂稳定存在于活性炭的表面。
实施例2
称取分析纯的乙二醇50ml、加入16.08g的甲基三苯基溴化膦,在40℃下磁力搅拌30min,得到摩尔比为20∶1的季磷基低共熔溶剂。
分别称取上述配制的低共熔溶剂1g、2g、2.5g、3g、4g分别加入到5个50ml的烧杯中,然后各加入20ml的无水乙醇,混合均匀,再分别将10g干燥的活性炭样品加入5个烧杯中,密封后放入250W、35KHz的超声波清洗器中浸渍30min,超声结束后放入真空烘箱中100℃烘干至恒重,得到脱硫剂B1-B5
实施例3
称取分析纯的乙二醇50ml、加入32.17g的甲基三苯基溴化磷,在35℃下磁力搅拌30min,得到摩尔比为10∶1的季磷基低共熔溶剂。
分别称取上述配制的低共熔溶剂1g、2g、2.5g、3g、4g分别加入到5个50ml的烧杯中,然后各加入20ml的无水乙醇,混合均匀,再分别将10g干燥的活性炭样品加入5个烧杯中,密封后放入250W、35KHz的超声波清洗器中浸渍45min,超声结束后放入真空烘箱中90℃烘干至恒重,得到脱硫剂C1-C5
实施例4
称取分析纯的乙二醇50ml、加入64.34g的甲基三苯基溴化磷,在30℃下磁力搅拌30min,得到摩尔比为5∶1的季磷基低共熔溶剂。
分别称取上述配制的低共熔溶剂1g、2g、2.5g、3g、4g分别加入到5个50ml的烧杯中,然后各加入20ml的无水乙醇,混合均匀,再分别将10g干燥的活性炭样品加入5个烧杯中,密封后放入230W、40KHz的超声波清洗器中浸渍1h,超声结束后放入真空烘箱中95℃烘干至恒重,得到脱硫剂D1-D5
应用例:
取本发明实施案例1中的产品进行烟气脱硫效果实验:
实验仪器:烟气脱硫一体机、德国MRU烟气分析仪;
实验方法:将实施案例1中的脱硫剂A1-A5分别取5g装入自制烟气净化装置中,以500ppm的SO2浓度,600ml/min的流速,30℃条件下进行烟气脱硫实验。与5g椰壳活性炭相比,脱硫剂A1-A5脱硫时间增加30-60min,脱硫效果大大增强,尤其是低共熔溶剂附载量与活性炭的质量为0.25∶1时,脱硫时间最长。
将吸附有SO2的脱硫剂加热至30~35℃,即可脱附SO2
以上数据说明本发明制备的季负载磷基低共熔溶剂的活性炭脱硫剂有非常好的工业应用前景。

Claims (4)

1.一种负载季磷基低共熔溶剂的活性炭脱硫剂用于脱除SO2的应用,其特征在于,将SO2浓度300~700ppm的烟气,以400~700ml/min的流速,在20~30℃条件下通入脱硫剂中;
所述活性炭脱硫剂由乙二醇、甲基三苯基溴化膦和活性炭组成;其中,乙二醇与甲基三苯基溴化膦形成低共熔溶剂,低共熔溶剂附着在活性炭的孔隙表面;
乙二醇与甲基三苯基溴化膦的摩尔比为5:1-40:1,乙二醇和甲基三苯基溴化膦与活性炭的质量比为0.1~0.4:1;
活性炭为生物质活性炭;
所述的负载季磷基低共熔溶剂的活性炭脱硫剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将原料乙二醇和甲基三苯基溴化膦按照5:1-40:1的摩尔比混合,在30~40℃下搅拌至透明状,得到季磷基低共熔溶剂;
2)将低共熔溶剂与乙醇混合均匀,再按低共熔溶剂与活性炭的质量比为0.1~0.4:1的比例加入活性炭,在密封条件下,利用超声波辅助浸渍,然后干燥至恒重,既得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的负载季磷基低共熔溶剂的活性炭脱硫剂用于脱除SO2的应用,其特征在于,所述步骤2)中,超声波辅助浸渍为利用200~250W、35~45KHz的超声波辅助浸渍30~60min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的负载季磷基低共熔溶剂的活性炭脱硫剂用于脱除SO2的应用,其特征在于,所述步骤2)中,干燥为在真空干燥箱90~100℃下干燥。
4.根据权利要求1所述的负载季磷基低共熔溶剂的活性炭脱硫剂用于脱除SO2的应用,其特征在于,将吸附有SO2的脱硫剂加热至30~35℃,即可脱附SO2
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