CN1127467A - 外科器械尖锐端护罩 - Google Patents

外科器械尖锐端护罩 Download PDF

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CN1127467A
CN1127467A CN94192817A CN94192817A CN1127467A CN 1127467 A CN1127467 A CN 1127467A CN 94192817 A CN94192817 A CN 94192817A CN 94192817 A CN94192817 A CN 94192817A CN 1127467 A CN1127467 A CN 1127467A
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sharp
free end
housing
sharp device
surgical instrument
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罗德福·加巴
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Devon Instruments Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/06Body-piercing guide needles or the like
    • A61M25/0612Devices for protecting the needle; Devices to help insertion of the needle, e.g. wings or holders
    • A61M25/0631Devices for protecting the needle; Devices to help insertion of the needle, e.g. wings or holders having means for fully covering the needle after its withdrawal, e.g. needle being withdrawn inside the handle or a cover being advanced over the needle
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M5/32Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A61M5/3205Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M5/32Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A61M5/3205Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
    • A61M5/321Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles
    • A61M5/3213Caps placed axially onto the needle, e.g. equipped with finger protection guards
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M5/32Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A61M5/3205Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
    • A61M5/321Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles
    • A61M5/3243Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles being axially-extensible, e.g. protective sleeves coaxially slidable on the syringe barrel
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M5/32Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A61M5/3205Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
    • A61M5/321Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles
    • A61M5/3243Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles being axially-extensible, e.g. protective sleeves coaxially slidable on the syringe barrel
    • A61M5/3273Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles being axially-extensible, e.g. protective sleeves coaxially slidable on the syringe barrel freely sliding on needle shaft without connection to syringe or needle
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B2017/347Locking means, e.g. for locking instrument in cannula
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M2005/3103Leak prevention means for distal end of syringes, i.e. syringe end for mounting a needle
    • A61M2005/3107Leak prevention means for distal end of syringes, i.e. syringe end for mounting a needle for needles
    • A61M2005/3109Caps sealing the needle bore by use of, e.g. air-hardening adhesive, elastomer or epoxy resin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M5/32Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A61M5/3205Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
    • A61M5/321Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles
    • A61M5/3243Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles being axially-extensible, e.g. protective sleeves coaxially slidable on the syringe barrel
    • A61M5/3245Constructional features thereof, e.g. to improve manipulation or functioning
    • A61M2005/3247Means to impede repositioning of protection sleeve from needle covering to needle uncovering position
    • A61M2005/325Means obstructing the needle passage at distal end of a needle protection sleeve
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M5/32Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A61M5/3205Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
    • A61M5/321Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles
    • A61M5/3243Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles being axially-extensible, e.g. protective sleeves coaxially slidable on the syringe barrel
    • A61M5/3257Semi-automatic sleeve extension, i.e. in which triggering of the sleeve extension requires a deliberate action by the user, e.g. manual release of spring-biased extension means

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Abstract

本发明是一外科器械尖锐端护罩,用来接纳和包覆一诸如注射针之类的外科器械锐器的自由端,所述锐器具有一与所述自由端相反的约束端以及一在所述约束端与所述自由端之间延伸的纵轴线,所述护罩包括一具有锐器接纳部的壳体、一用来约束所选锐器的自由端的夹紧件、一配合所述夹紧件的楔住件、以及一用来迫使楔住件与夹紧件进入配合状态的偏压件。

Description

外科器械尖锐端护罩
本发明总的涉及用于医院、诊所和医务室的医疗外科产品的处理装置,更具体地涉及一种用来永久地包覆例如皮下注射针的受污染的易处理外科锐器的端部。
在过去十年间,医疗护理工作人员越来越多地采用只使用一次的易处理的医疗外科器械和材料。既是费用的原因也是消毒的原因,这种趋势远离了从前的这种器械的消毒和再使用的步骤。
在那些采取使用后废弃原则的机构中,现行的做法是要求采用单个的容器来装纳及处理在外科过程中使用的许多比如皮下注射针、套针、管心针等小的尖锐器具以及比如敷料、棉签之类的其他医疗废弃物。
这种存放许多医疗废弃物的方法使得实际上不可能保持严格地计算在一特定外科过程中使用的锐器,而这对保证在外科手术后没有什么遗留在病人体内来说是绝对必要的。
另外也希望处理这些外科锐器的方法可阻止随便的清洁工为了非法的目的而想获得皮下注射针。
因为很多这些外科锐器具有管状的端部部分,在使用后,此端部部分含有病人的体液,因此这些用过的锐器给外科工作人员带来另外的危险,特别是如果锐器的处理方法允许在外科过程中不受控制地积聚这种体液的话。如果此处理容器意外地受到碰撞、推挤或从消毒台顶部碰落,集聚的体液会溅泼,使工作室人员的比如眼睛之类的暴露部位沾上这种体液。当病人患的是传染病时,这对医疗人员特别危险。
因此希望有一种装置用来保证以一种安全而方便的方式永久地处理用过的外科锐器,包括那些具有管状端部部分的锐器,同时保证能对处理的锐器严格计数。
因此,本发明的主要目的是揭示和提供一种以对工作室人员或病人不产生医疗危害的方式在外科工作期间及外科工作之后处理用过的外科锐器,包括那些具有管状端部部分的锐器。
本发明的另一个目的是揭示和提供一种用来保证皮下注射针之类的永久处理和不再被使用的装置。
本发明的又一个目的是提供和揭示一种以较低成本组装的这种装置。
利用一种可接纳并永久地套住外科锐器自由端的外科器械尖锐端的护罩,可有利地实现这些目的。
总的来说,本发明是一种外科器械尖锐端的护罩,它包括一壳体、一用来约束所选锐器的自由端的夹紧件、一用来配合夹紧件的楔住件、以及一用来迫使楔住件与夹紧件相配合的偏压件。
楔住件的构造设计成与夹紧件以如下方式相关联:当锐器的自由端插入壳体时,夹紧件顶着自由端施加一具有与锐器纵轴线垂直分力的力,且趋向于从壳体抽出锐器自由端的锐器的纵向运动使与锐器纵轴线垂直的分力增加而以摩擦力干扰其抽出动作。
更具体地说,一种实施例的壳体具有基本相反的第一端和第二端,且在第一端有一锐器接纳部。锐器接纳部包括一漏斗形状的锐器引导部,它端部为一偏心设置的进针口。进针口尺寸设计成可接纳注射针的自由端。
此实施例的壳体还有基本相反的第一和第二侧向内表面,它们在进针口和壳体的第二端之间延伸。第一侧向内表面与进针口相切,且用来与注射针自由端的一侧相配合。第二侧向内表面包括一上倾斜部,它在向壳体自由端延伸的同时向第一侧向内表面倾斜。第一侧向内表面和第二侧向内表面的倾斜部一起构成一楔住件,楔住件限定了一个收缩区或楔形区。
在楔形区内有一可移动的夹紧件。夹紧件的构造设计成可保证在注射针自由端插入壳体后,夹紧件在偏压力作用下同时与注射器自由端的相反侧相配合。
实施例的护罩还有一弹性偏压件,它一直作用在可移动的夹紧件上,推挤夹紧件朝着壳体的第一端,这样,在注射针自由端插入壳体后,注射针挤入夹紧件和第一侧向内表面之间。
有了这样的构造,在注射器插入壳体后想将其抽出,都会在第一侧向内表面和自由端之间的交界处以及在夹紧件和自由端之间的交界处产生相反的摩擦力。由自由端施加在夹紧件上的摩擦力会趋向于驱使夹紧件朝着第一端向上从而增加了作用在注射针上的相反的摩擦力,因此而进一步抵抗了针的抽出。
通过在夹紧件表面上设置许多均匀间隔的齿,可加强上述保持住针不动的效果,在施加一趋向于从壳体中抽出注射器针的力的时候,这些齿被驱使到刻入注射针的侧部,从而产生了一机械干扰,防止了用手将针抽出。
实施例中的护罩还有一密封件,它位于在壳体内的偏压件与第二端之间,用来配合和密封具有管状端部部分的锐器尖端,其内可能残留着体液。
通过阅读以下结合附图对本发明较佳实施例的详细描述,本技术领域熟练人员可更完全地理解本发明。
图1是本发明外科器械尖锐端护罩的较佳实施例的分解图,显示了一壳体、一夹紧件、一偏压件和一密封件。
图2是图1中外科锐器端部护罩的立体图,它处于通过一漏斗状锐器引导部接纳一注射针自由端的位置。
图3是图1的外科锐器端部护罩的侧剖视图,显示了处于组装状态的壳体、夹紧件、偏压件和密封件。
图4是沿图3中4—4线的外科锐器端部护罩的护罩侧剖视图;
图5是在注射针已插入图3中外科锐器端部护罩后的护罩侧剖视图;
图6是图5中外科税器端部护罩的部分剖视图,显示了在试图抽出注射针之后与插入的注射针相配合的较佳的夹紧件。
首先参看附图,本发明较佳实施例用数字10总体地表示。如图2和图5中看得最清楚,此较佳实施例是一个外科器械尖锐端护罩,其构造设计成可接纳及永久地罩住一个典型注射针的自由端。
一个典型的注射针组件20总体地示于图2中。注射针组件20包括一注射针22,注射针22具有一自由端24、一约束端25、一外表面26和一纵轴线27。自由端24有一尖锐尖部28以便于刺入步骤。注射针22典型地用不锈钢制成,且具有一环形的横截面,它构成了一个沿纵轴线27延伸的圆柱形空腔。本技术领域内的熟练人员会明白,注射针22如上所述不构成本发明的一部分。
现请参看图1,较佳的护罩10包括一壳体30、一夹紧件70、一偏压件80和一密封件90。壳体30在形式上是由第一部分32和第二部分34组成的两件式塑料组件。壳体30包括基本相反的第一端36和第二端38。在第一端36有一锐器接纳部100。
在图3中看得最清楚,壳体30还具有第一组基本相对的侧向内表面40和42以及上下内表面44和46。在图4中看得最清楚,壳体30还包括第二组基本相对的侧向内表面,下面将称作内侧壁48和50。每个侧向内表面40和42以及内侧壁48和50都在上下内表面44和46之间延伸,以构成内部空腔60。其内有夹紧件70、偏压件80以及密封件90。
侧向内表面40包括上平面部52和下部54。如图5中最清楚地显示,上平面部52的构造设计成可以在自由端24插入护罩10时沿着切线26A与自由端24的外表面26配合。下部54的构造设计成可构成一凹部62。凹部62有助于以以下方式将密封件90靠近下内表面46而定位:即保证当自由端46插入护罩10时可保证尖部28完全被密封件90遮蔽。
侧向内表面42包括一上倾斜部56和一下平面部58。上倾斜部56和下平面部58一起构成了一楔住件64,该楔住件64的构造设计成可在自由端24插入护罩10之前及之后与夹紧件70相关联。在图3中看得最清楚,在上倾斜部56从下平面部58向第一端36延伸的同时上倾斜部56向侧向内表面40倾斜,以构成一收缩区或楔形区66。下平面部58基本上与上平面部52平行。
夹紧件70基本上是圆柱形的,具有两个平端部72和74以及在其间延伸的基本弧形的夹紧表面76。如图4可见,夹紧件70在内部空腔60内的位置选择成使得平端部72和74靠近内侧壁48和50。侧壁72和74之间的距离足以允许夹紧件70在上下内表面44和46之间的空腔60内滑动。现请参看图3和图5,夹紧表面76(对着楔住件64和自由端24)的尺寸选择成可保证在自由端24插入壳体30之前夹紧表面76(在偏压件80的偏压作用下)与上平面部52和倾斜部56同时保持配合,以及可保证在自由端24插入壳体30后夹紧表面76(在偏压件80的偏压作用下)沿着切线26B与自由端24的外表面26以及与倾斜部56同时保持配合。
基本弧形的夹紧表面76有助于实现上述目的,同时保证了夹紧件70与自由端24相配合的方式不会阻止自由端24完全插入内部空腔60,如图5中最清楚地显示。本领域熟练人员会明白其他构造的夹紧件70也可用来帮助实现这些目的。
护罩10可行的关键在于偏压件80。在较佳实施例中,偏压件80由一环形弹性体构成,它具有两个端部82和84、一个基本弧形的外表面86和在端部82和84之间延伸的径向空腔88。如图4中显示得最清楚,偏压件80位于内部空腔60内,处于夹紧件70和密封件90之间,使端部82和84靠近侧壁48和50,而外表面86与夹紧件70配合。
现参看图3和图5,偏压件80的外径(未压缩)足够大以保证偏压件80不变地作用在夹紧件70上,推动夹紧件70朝着第一端36,使夹紧表面76如上所述与上平面部52及倾斜部56配合。
通过充分压缩偏压件80的外表面86以使夹紧件70、偏压件80和密封件90插入内部空腔60,可完成护罩10的组装。随后,壳体30的第一和第二部分32和34采用传统方法连接在一起。
在自由端24插入内部空腔60之前,偏压件80、夹紧件70和楔住件64之间的相互作用在图3中看得最清楚。偏压件80在夹紧件70和偏压件80交界处施加一向上的力在夹紧件70上。此向上的力驱使夹紧件70与上平面部50及倾斜部56相配合,有效地将夹紧件70挤入其间。在夹紧件70和倾斜部56交界处顶着夹紧件70施加的压力包括一与上平面部52垂直的分力。此分力被在夹紧件70和上平面部52交界处的相反力所抵消。
当自由端24插入内部空腔60时,自由端24挤入上平面部52和夹紧件70之间,从而使夹紧件70移位,并使夹紧件朝第二端38向下运动。如图5中看得最清楚,自由端24由上平面部52沿切线26A配合,且由夹紧件70沿切线26B配合。夹紧件70的向下运动使偏压件80进一步压缩,从而增加由偏压件80顶着夹紧件70在夹紧件70和偏压件80交界处所施加的压力数量。这又增加了在夹紧件70和倾斜部56交界处的压力,而这又增加了在上平面部52和自由端24之间的沿切线26A的交界处的压力以及在夹紧件70和自由端24之间的沿切线26B交界处的压力。
在插入后任何将针22抽出内部空腔60的企图都会在上平面部52和自由端24之间的交界处以及在夹紧件70和自由端24之间的交界处产生相反的摩擦力。由自由端24施加在夹紧件70上的摩擦力趋向于驱使夹紧件70朝着第一端36向上,从而增加了顶着夹紧件70在夹紧件70和倾斜部56之间的交界处施加的压力,而这又增加了在上平面部52和自由端24之间的沿切线26A交界处施加的压力以及在夹紧件70和自由端24之间的沿切线26B交界处施加的压力,从而提高了护罩10保持住针不动的效果。施加于针22的趋向于将自由端24从内部空腔60抽出的力越大,施加在自由端24上的抵抗这种运动的摩擦力就越大。
偏压件80被选择用来保证所选的外科锐器没有困难地用手插入内部空腔60,同时保证任何抽出这种锐器的企图会被上述足够的摩擦力所对抗。虽然在较佳实施例中偏压件80必须足够大以使护罩切实可行,但偏压件80必须不能太大以致阻止针22充分插入内部空腔来保证尖部28与密封件90完全配合。然后,更可取地,在一横过上平面部52的平面内测量的偏压件80的(压缩的)外径87必须小于外表面26的切线26B与下平面部54之间的距离。为了进一步帮助完成尖部28和密封件90的配合,偏压件80可以在内部空腔60内与夹紧件70面对面地定位,使得在夹紧件70和偏压件80之间的交界处的压力迫使偏压件80离开上平面部52,这在图5中显示得最清楚。本领域熟练人员会明白,偏压件80可以有不同的构造、组合和替代,且可以其他手段来保证偏压件80不会过度阻碍自由端24插入护罩10。
通过在夹紧表面76上设置许多在端部72和74之间延伸的均匀间隔的齿78,可增强上述保持住针的效果。齿78具有基本上是尖锐的边缘79,且向后弯曲,如图6中最佳地显示,以提高夹紧表面76的夹紧性能。齿78(以及夹紧件70的其他部分)最好由一种这样的材料构成:这种材料足够硬而会在自由端24的外表面26上刻痕,这样,当施加一趋向于使针22抽出内部空腔60的力时,齿78被驱使刻入外表面26,从而产生一机械干扰而阻止了用手抽出针24。针22的自由端24因此而由护罩10永久地约束住。本领域熟练人员会明白,夹紧表面76和上平面部52也可以是粗糙的或有刻痕的,以提高本发明的保持住针的效果。
为了保证防止可能会停留在比如皮下注射针之类的具有管状端部部分的用过的锐器内的体液的危险的和不受控制的积聚,护罩10还有密封件90。在针22的自由端24插入内部空腔60时,尖部28配合并隐藏在密封件90内,从而将所有这种残留的体液保持在针22的内部。更可取地,密封件90由一网状泡沫材料的板构成,它有足够多的孔以便尖部28刺入密封件90,同时又保证针尖的适当密封。在较佳实施例中,密封件90尺寸设计成与下内表面40互补且停留在凹部62内。密封件90的这个位移保证了在自端24插入护罩10时尖部28完全由密封件90遮蔽。
为了有助于本发明较佳实施例的使用,壳体30在第一端36处还有锐器接纳部100。如图2、3和4中显示得最清楚,锐器接纳部100包括锐器引导部102。锐器引导部102构成了一个漏斗形状的凹部,它在第一端36处有一最大直径104,在第一端36和第二端38之间有一最小直径106。最小直径106限定了一偏心的进针口108,其尺寸设计成可接纳注射针22的自由端24。进针口108的位置选择成使上平表面52与进针口108的外径相切。此构造使注射器组件20的操作者可毫无困难地穿过进针口108来放置自由端24,同时又保证自由端24适当地定位在上平面部52和夹紧件70之间的内部空腔60内。
设想将许多护罩10成列地放在一平底的护罩容器内,此容器可放在外科工作台或其他合适的表面上。每个护罩10的第二端38可用适当的手段连接至护罩容器,以使每个护罩10的锐器接纳部100基本朝上。或者,容器可以采取某种手段来使锐器接纳部100与水平成一角度以便操作。容器底部可有粘结剂或其他合适手段来保证防止在使用期间发生意外移动。
因此我们看到已提供了一种新颖的装置,它容易地使外科医生或其他工作室人员在外科手术或工作期间及之后能控制用过的外科锐器,包括那些具有管状端部部分的锐器,使得工作室人员或病人不会受到医疗危险,同时进一步保证了皮下注射针之类的永久处理。
尽管已这样结合实施例及附图详细描述了本发明,本领域熟练人员应当明白在本发明范围和精神内可进行各种修改和变化。特别地,本领域熟练人员明白设想用于本发明的外科锐器包括根据外科用途而在尺寸及形状上有所变化的传统外科器械,包括各种套针、管心针、刀片之类。类似地,虽然本发明设想将外科税器的自由端挤入在夹紧件70和楔住件64的一个部位(即上平面部52)之间,本领域熟练人员应明白,也可采用其他构造的楔住装置、偏压装置以及夹紧装置来在外科锐器的纵向表面上产生挤压力,它会随着试图将所选用的锐器抽出壳体的纵向运动而增加。因此,本发明范围不限于这里说明的特定实施例,而只应由后附的权利要求或其等价物来限定。

Claims (19)

1.一种外科器械尖锐端护罩,用来接纳和套住诸如注射针之类的外科器械锐器的自由端,所述锐器有一与所述自由端相反的约束端和一在所述约束端和自由端之间延伸的纵轴线,其特征在于,所述护套包括:
一壳体,具有一用来接纳锐器自由端的锐器接纳部;
一夹紧件,用来当所述自由端插入所述壳体时约束所述锐器的所述自由端;
一楔住件,用来配合所述夹紧件,所述楔住件的构造设计成可这样地与所述夹紧件关联:即,当所述锐器的所述自由端插入所述壳体时所述夹紧件顶着所述自由端施加一力,该力具有一垂直于所述锐器的纵轴线的分力,以及一趋向于使所述锐器的所述自由端从所壳体抽出的所述锐器的纵向移动使与所述纵轴线垂直的所述分力增加;以及
一偏压件,用来迫使所述楔住件和所述夹紧件进入配合状态。
2.如权利要求1所述的外科器械尖锐端护罩,其特征在于,所述夹紧件具有至少一不连续部分以提高所述夹紧件的夹紧效果。
3.如权利要求1所述的外科器械尖锐端护罩,其特征在于,所述夹紧件具有机械干扰装置,这样,倾向于将所述锐器的所述自由端从壳体抽出的纵向运动使所述夹紧件使所述锐器的所述自由端发生变形,从而机械地干扰了其抽出的运动。
4.如权利要求1所述的外科器械尖锐端护罩,其特征在于,所述锐器的所述自由端包括与所述约束端相反的管状端部部分,所述外科器械尖锐端护罩还包括一密封件,用来在所述锐器的所述自由端插入所述壳体时密封住所述管状端部部分。
5.如权利要求1所述的外科器械尖锐端护罩,其特征在于,还包括一锐器引导部,用来在所述锐器插入所述壳体时相对于所述壳体定位所述锐器。
6.如权利要求1所述的外科器械尖锐端护罩,其特征在于,还包括一挡止部,用来限制所述锐器插入所述壳体的范围。
7.如权利要求1所述的外科器械尖锐端护罩,其特征在于,所述锐器的所述自由端具有相反的第一侧和第二侧,其中:
所述壳体还包括基本相反的第一端和第二端;
所述楔住件还包括一用来与所述锐器的所述自由端的第一侧相配合的侧向表面,所述侧向表面在所述第一端和第二端之间延伸,所述楔住件还包括一倾斜部,它与所述侧向表面基本相对,用来配合所述自由端的第二侧,在所述倾斜部向所述第一端延伸的同时所述倾斜部向所述第一表面倾斜;
所述夹紧件还包括一可移动的夹件,其构造设计成可在所述锐器的所述自由端插入所述壳体后与所述锐器的所述自由端的所述第二侧及所述倾斜部同时配合;以及
所述偏压件可迫使所述可移动夹件与所述锐器的所述自由端的所述第二侧及所述倾斜部相配合,同时可迫使所述第一侧向表面与所述锐器的所述自由端的所述第一侧相配合。
8.如权利要求7所述的外科器械尖锐端护罩,其特征在于,所述可移动夹件具有一基本弧形的外表面,用来与所述锐器的所述自由端的所述第二侧以及所述倾斜部相配合。
9.如权利要求8所述的外科器械尖锐端护罩,其特征在于,所述弧形外表面还包括至少一个突起的不连续部分,用来提高所述可移动夹件的夹紧性能。
10.如权利要求8所述的外科器械尖锐端护罩,其特征在于,所述可移动夹件具有一机械干扰装置,这样,一倾向于从壳体抽出所述锐器的所述自由端的纵向运动使所述可移动夹件让所述锐器的所述自由端发生变形,从而机械地干扰其抽出动作。
11.如权利要求10所述的外科器械尖锐端护罩,其特征在于,所述机械干扰装置包括至少一个突起的不连续部分,它由一种这样的材料构成:该材料具有足够硬度,而使得趋向于从壳体抽出所述锐器的所述自由端的纵向移动会使至少一个突起的不连续部分让所述锐器的所述自由端发生变形,从而机械地干扰其抽出动作。
12.一种外科器械尖锐端护罩,用来接纳及套住诸如注射针之类的外科器械锐器的自由端,所述锐器具有一与所述自由端相反的约束端以及一在所述约束端与所述自由端之间延伸的纵轴线,其特征在于,所述外科器械尖锐端护罩包括:
一壳体,具有一锐器接纳部,用来接纳一锐器的自由端;
一夹紧装置,用来在所述锐器的所述自由端插入所述壳体时约束所述自由端;
一楔住装置,用来配合所述夹紧装置,所述楔住装置的构造设计成可以如下方式与所述夹紧装置关联:在所述锐器的所述自由端插入所述壳体时,所述夹紧装置顶着所述自由端施加一力,该力具有一与所述锐器的纵轴线垂直的分力,以及倾向于从所述壳体抽出所述锐器的所述自由端的纵向移动会使与所述纵轴线垂直的所述分力增加;以及
一偏压装置,用来迫使所述楔住装置和所述夹紧装置进入配合状态。
13.如权利要求12所述的外科器械尖锐端护罩,其特征在于,所述夹紧装置具有一机械干扰装置,这样,倾向于从所述壳体抽出所述锐器的所述自由端的纵向移动使所述夹紧装置让所述锐器的所述自由端发生变形,从而机械地干扰其抽出动作。
14.如权利要求13所述的外科器械尖锐端护罩,其特征在于,所述锐器的所述自由端还包括一与所述约束端相反的管状端部部分,所述外科器械尖锐端护罩还包括一锐器尖部包裹装置,用来在所述锐器的所述自由端插入所述壳体时密封住所述管状端部部分。
15.一种注射针包覆组件,用来永久地包覆注射针的自由端,注射针具有一与所述自由端相反的约束端和一在所述约束端与所述自由端之间延伸的纵轴线,其特征在于,所述包覆组件包括:
一壳体,具有一用来接纳所述锐器的所述自由端的针接纳部;
一夹紧装置,用来在所述自由端插入所述壳体时约束所述针的所述自由端;
一楔住装置,用来配合所述夹紧装置,所述楔住装置的构造设计成以如下方式与所述夹紧装置关联:在所述针的所述自由端插入所述壳体时,所述夹紧装置顶着所述自由端施加一力,该力具有一与所述针的纵轴线垂直的分力,以及,倾斜于从壳体中抽出所述针的所述自由端的纵向移动使与所述纵轴线垂直的所述分力增加;以及
一偏压装置,用来迫使所述楔住装置与所述夹紧装置进入配合状态。
16.如权利要求15所述的外科器械尖锐端护罩,其特征在于,所述夹紧装置具有一机械干扰装置,这样,倾向于从壳体抽出所述锐器的所述自由端的纵向移动会使所述夹紧装置让所述锐器的所述自由端发生变形,从而机械地干扰其抽出动作。
17.如权利要求16所述的外科器械尖锐端护罩,其特征在于,所述锐器的所述自由端还包括一与所述约束端相反的管状端部部分,所述外科器械尖锐端护罩还包括一锐器尖部包裹装置,用来在所述锐器的所述自由端插入所述壳体时密封住管状端部部分。
18.在一种采用诸如注射针之类的外科锐器的外科器械装置中,其中所述的外科锐器具有一自由端和一与所述自由端相反的约束端,所述外科锐器的所述自由端在使用时会被污染,其特征在于,包括一护罩装置,用来在使用后接纳和永久地包覆所述锐器的所述自由端。
19.在一种采用注射针对病人注入或抽出液体的外科器械装置中,其中所述的注射针具有一自由端和一与所述自由端相反的约束端,其特征在于,包括一护罩装置,用来在使用后接纳和永久地包覆所述注射针的所述自由端。
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EP0710128A4 (en) 1997-03-26
US5533974A (en) 1996-07-09
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US5417659A (en) 1995-05-23

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