CN112724603A - 一种半导体封装用高可靠性环氧塑封料 - Google Patents
一种半导体封装用高可靠性环氧塑封料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112724603A CN112724603A CN202011592986.8A CN202011592986A CN112724603A CN 112724603 A CN112724603 A CN 112724603A CN 202011592986 A CN202011592986 A CN 202011592986A CN 112724603 A CN112724603 A CN 112724603A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- epoxy resin
- epoxy
- flame retardant
- molding compound
- resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 13
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229920006336 epoxy molding compound Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- -1 glycidyl ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- GRUVVLWKPGIYEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[carboxymethyl-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]amino]ethyl-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]amino]acetic acid Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(O)C=1CN(CC(=O)O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1O GRUVVLWKPGIYEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N mandelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LLPKQRMDOFYSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=CN=C(C)N1 LLPKQRMDOFYSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylphosphine Chemical compound CP(C)C YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PQHYOGIRXOKOEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1,2-dicarboxyethylamino)butanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)NC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O PQHYOGIRXOKOEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1 LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Natural products P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- BVURNMLGDQYNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(1-phenylethyl)amine Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 BVURNMLGDQYNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AHDSRXYHVZECER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-tris[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenol Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC(CN(C)C)=C(O)C(CN(C)C)=C1 AHDSRXYHVZECER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FUIQBJHUESBZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(dimethylazaniumyl)methyl]phenolate Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1O FUIQBJHUESBZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YTWBFUCJVWKCCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-heptadecyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=NC=CN1 YTWBFUCJVWKCCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZCUJYXPAKHMBAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound C1=CNC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 ZCUJYXPAKHMBAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCN SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UUEWCQRISZBELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropane-1-thiol Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCS UUEWCQRISZBELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TYOXIFXYEIILLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-2-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound N1C(C)=CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 TYOXIFXYEIILLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ULKLGIFJWFIQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5K8XI641G3 Chemical compound CCC1=NC=C(C)N1 ULKLGIFJWFIQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical compound [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002026 crystalline silica Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012184 mineral wax Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- FVAZJUHWWXJXGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylethanamine;n,n-dimethyl-1-phenylmethanamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC.CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 FVAZJUHWWXJXGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NXPPAOGUKPJVDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-diol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(O)C(O)=CC=C21 NXPPAOGUKPJVDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylphosphine Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCCC TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RXJKFRMDXUJTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylphosphine Chemical compound CCP(CC)CC RXJKFRMDXUJTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IUURMAINMLIZMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-nonylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)CCCCCCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCC IUURMAINMLIZMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WXAZIUYTQHYBFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(4-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 WXAZIUYTQHYBFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1O QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004841 bisphenol A epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004842 bisphenol F epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004845 glycidylamine epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004843 novolac epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010074 rubber mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VOOLKNUJNPZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;2-methylphenol Chemical compound O=C.CC1=CC=CC=C1O VOOLKNUJNPZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012776 electronic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Substances O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- AFEQENGXSMURHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethanamine Chemical compound NCC1CO1 AFEQENGXSMURHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011417 postcuring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001721 transfer moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
- C08L63/04—Epoxynovolacs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/28—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings, e.g. for protection
- H01L23/29—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings, e.g. for protection characterised by the material, e.g. carbon
- H01L23/293—Organic, e.g. plastic
- H01L23/295—Organic, e.g. plastic containing a filler
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/38—Boron-containing compounds
- C08K2003/387—Borates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
- C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
Abstract
本发明涉及一种半导体封装用高可靠性环氧塑封料,所述的环氧塑封料的主要组分及含量如下:环氧树脂5~18wt%;酚醛树脂2.5~10 wt%;固化促进剂0.05~0.5 wt%;填料60~90 wt%;离子吸附剂0.1~0.8wt%;脱模剂0.1~1.5wt%;偶联剂0.1~1wt%。本发明的环氧塑封料是一种可以降低半导体器件中可迁移离子的环氧塑封料,该组合物同时还具备了必要的流动性、成型性和阻燃性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种半导体封装用环氧塑封料,特别涉及到一种半导体封装用降低可迁移离子的高可靠性环氧塑封料。
背景技术
环氧塑封料有许多优异的性能,在封装领域已经得到了广泛的应用,是半导体元器件、集成电路封装的主流材料。近年来,半导体向高集成化发展,芯片更大,结构更复杂,为保证电子产品的可靠性,对封装体内部可迁移离子的数量也提出更加严苛要求。
半导体封装用环氧塑封料的组分一般包括环氧树脂、固化剂、固化促进剂、填料、阻燃剂、脱模剂、偶联剂、着色剂、力学改性剂等等。环氧塑封料填料主要成分通常为二氧化硅,含有微量杂质,可以迁移出阴阳离子;在环氧塑封料加工过程中,由于设备磨损会引入铁杂质;封装体内部同时还涉及铝线和铜材。在湿度较高的条件下,特别是通电工作状态下,在封装体内在各金属界面由于游离离子存在易于发生化学腐蚀或电化学腐蚀,对半导体器件的可靠性形成有较大危害。目前,环氧塑封料通常选用离子捕捉剂通常为水滑石类或铋系化合物等(参见:CN101668702A东亚合成株式会社;CN104487169B东亚合成株式会社;CN110791052A长兴电子材料(昆山)有限公司),由于粒径小极性强,容易团聚而影响离子捕捉效果。本发明基于EDTA(参见:孙长顺,金奇庭,秦莉红,郭新超,金瑞宁,西安建筑科技大学学报,2008年2月)、DTPA(参见:CN 106824104,华中科技大学)、IDHA(参见:吴长彧;王亚权;李静,化学工业与工程,2007年3月)、EDDHA和HBED(参见:EP2632894A1 AKZO NOBELCHEMICALS INTERNATIONAL B.V.)等对阳离子较好的螯合性能,在环氧塑封料组合物中使用,降低游离离子对半导体器件电性能损害,提高产品可靠性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有的不足,提供一种半导体封装用高可靠性环氧塑封料,半导体封装用降低可迁移离子的高可靠性环氧塑封料。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种半导体封装用高可靠性环氧塑封料,所述的环氧塑封料的主要组分及含量如下:
所述的离子吸附剂为乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、二乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA)、乙二胺-N,N'-二-(羟基苯基乙酸)(EDDHA)、亚氨基二琥珀酸(IDHA)和N,N'-双(2-羟基苄基)-乙二胺-N,N'-二乙酸(HBED)中的任意一种或几种。
优选地,
所述的环氧树脂选自邻甲酚醛环氧树脂、双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚F型环氧树脂、多酚型缩水甘油醚环氧树脂、脂肪族缩水甘油醚环氧树脂、缩水甘油酯型环氧树脂、缩水甘油胺型环氧树脂、联苯型环氧树脂、双环戊二烯型环氧树脂、脂环族环氧树脂和杂环型环氧树脂中的任意一种或几种。
所述的酚醛树脂选自苯酚线性酚醛树脂及其衍生物、苯甲酚线性酚醛树脂及其衍生物、单羟基或二羟基萘酚醛树脂及其衍生物、对二甲苯与苯酚或萘酚的缩合物和双环戊二烯与苯酚的共聚物中的任意一种或几种。
所述的固化促进剂选自咪唑化合物、叔胺化合物和有机膦化合物中的任意一种或几种;
所述的咪唑化合物选自2-甲基咪唑、2,4-二甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基咪唑和2-(十七烷基)咪唑中的任意一种或几种;
所述的叔胺化合物选自三乙胺卞基二甲胺、α-甲基卞基二甲胺、2-(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚、2,4,6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚和1,8-二氮杂双环(5,4,0)十一碳烯-7中的任意一种或几种;
所述的有机膦化合物选自三苯基膦、三甲基膦、三乙基膦、三丁基膦、三(对甲基苯基)膦和三(壬基苯基)膦等中的任意一种或几种。
所述的填料选自氧化铝微粉、氧化钛微粉、氮化硅微粉、氮化铝微粉和二氧化硅微粉中的任意一种或几种。
所述的二氧化硅是结晶型二氧化硅、熔融型二氧化硅或者是它们的混合物,或者所述的二氧化硅是硅烷偶联剂改性过的二氧化硅。
所述的脱模剂选自巴西棕榈蜡、合成蜡和矿物质蜡中的任意一种或几种。
所述的偶联剂选自γ-环氧丙基丙基醚三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的任意一种或几种。
所述的环氧塑封料中还包含有阻燃剂、着色剂和改性剂中的一种或几种。
所述的阻燃剂在环氧塑封料中的含量为0~10%;
所述的阻燃剂是卤系阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂、氮系阻燃剂、磷-卤系阻燃剂、磷-氮系阻燃剂中的任意一种或几种,或者是氢氧化物阻燃剂;
所述的着色剂在环氧塑封料中的含量为0~3wt%;
所述的着色剂选自钛白粉、氧化锌、锌钡白、炭黑中的任意一种或几种;
所述的改性剂在环氧树脂组合物中的含量为0~5wt%;
所述的改性剂是液体硅油、硅橡胶或它们的混合物。
本发明的环氧塑封料的制备方法:将环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、固化促进剂、填料、离子吸附剂、脱模剂和偶联剂混合均匀(如包含其它成分时将其它成分与上述成分同时混合均匀),再在温度为60~110℃预热的开放式炼胶机上熔融混炼均匀,将混合均匀的物料从开放式炼胶机上取下自然冷却、粉碎得到所述的环氧塑封料的粉状料;进一步预成型为饼料,获得其成型材料。
本发明的环氧塑封料是一种可以降低可迁移离子的高可靠性环氧塑封料,该组合物同时还具备了必要的流动性、成型性和阻燃性。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例进一步说明本发明,但这仅是举例,并不是对本发明的限制。
本发明中涉及到的各成分及代号如下:
A1:邻甲酚醛环氧树脂(巴陵石化制“CYDCN-200H”)
A2:联苯型环氧树脂(Japan Epoxy Resins Co.,Ltd.制“YX-4000”)
A3:苯酚芳烷基型环氧树脂(Nippon Kayaku Co.,Ltd.制“NC3000”)
A4:二环戊二烯型环氧树脂(日本DIC Corporation制“HP-7500”)
B1:苯酚线性酚醛树脂(日本DIC Corporation制“TD-2131”)
B2:苯酚烷基酚醛树脂(Mitsui Chemicals,Inc.制“XLC-4L”)
B3:苯酚芳烷基酚醛树脂(Meiwa Plastic Industries,Ltd.制“MEH-7851ss”)
C1:2-甲基咪唑
C2:α-甲基卞基二甲胺
C3:三苯基膦
D:二氧化硅微粉(d50为22μm)
E1:乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)
E2:二乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA)
E3:乙二胺-N,N'-二-(羟基苯基乙酸)(EDDHA)
E4:亚氨基二琥珀酸(IDHA)
E5:N,N'-双(2-羟基苄基)-乙二胺-N,N'-二乙酸(HBED)
E6:IXE-500(东亚合成株式会社)
E7:DHT-4A(日本协和化学工业株式会社)
巴蜡:巴西棕榈蜡
偶联剂KH560
阻燃剂硼酸锌(d50为1μm)
实施例1~12
实施例1~12组合物的组成见表1,评价结果见表1。
实施例1~12组合物的制备方法如下:
按照配比称量并混合各成分后,在温度为60~110℃预热的开放式炼胶机上熔融混炼均匀,将混合均匀的物料从开放式炼胶机上取下自然冷却、粉碎得粉状料,预成型为饼料,获得环氧塑封料成型材料,并用以下方法进行评价,结果见表1。
实施例1~12组合物的评价方法如下:
HAST
使用低压传递模塑成型机(上海日申机械设备有限公司生产,SY-250T)在模具温度为175℃,注射压力为9.8MPa,固化时间为120s条件下,将所得环氧树脂组合物成型材料成型为TO252(CS7N65A4R),随后在175℃温度下后固化8小时。选取77个样件,在温度为130℃、相对湿度为85%、压力为230kPa的环境下储存96小时,随后进行电性能测试,并统计不良样件数量。当不良样件数量为n时,表示为“n/77”。
评价结果见表1。
表1:实施例组合物组成及评价结果(以重量百分比计)
比较例1~12
比较例1~12组合物的组成见表2,制备方法同实施例1,评价方法同实施例1,评价结果见表2。
表2:比较例组合物组成及评价结果(以重量百分比计)
由上述实施例及比较例可看出,高可靠性环氧塑封料封装产品在高温高湿条件下电性能表现优异。
Claims (9)
2.根据权利要求1所述的环氧塑封料,其特征在于,所述的环氧树脂选自邻甲酚醛环氧树脂、双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚F型环氧树脂、多酚型缩水甘油醚环氧树脂、脂肪族缩水甘油醚环氧树脂、缩水甘油酯型环氧树脂、缩水甘油胺型环氧树脂、联苯型环氧树脂、双环戊二烯型环氧树脂、脂环族环氧树脂和杂环型环氧树脂中的任意一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的环氧塑封料,其特征在于,所述的酚醛树脂选自苯酚线性酚醛树脂及其衍生物、苯甲酚线性酚醛树脂及其衍生物、单羟基或二羟基萘酚醛树脂及其衍生物、对二甲苯与苯酚或萘酚的缩合物和双环戊二烯与苯酚的共聚物中的任意一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的环氧塑封料,其特征在于,所述的固化促进剂选自咪唑化合物、叔胺化合物和有机膦化合物中的任意一种或几种;
所述的咪唑化合物选自2-甲基咪唑、2,4-二甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基咪唑和2-(十七烷基)咪唑中的任意一种或几种;
所述的叔胺化合物选自三乙胺卞基二甲胺、α-甲基卞基二甲胺、2-(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚、2,4,6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚和1,8-二氮杂双环(5,4,0)十一碳烯-7中的任意一种或几种;
所述的有机膦化合物选自三苯基膦、三甲基膦、三乙基膦、三丁基膦、三(对甲基苯基)膦和三(壬基苯基)膦等中的任意一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的环氧塑封料,其特征在于,所述的填料选自氧化铝微粉、氧化钛微粉、氮化硅微粉、氮化铝微粉和二氧化硅微粉中的任意一种或几种;
所述的二氧化硅是结晶型二氧化硅、熔融型二氧化硅或者是它们的混合物,或者所述的二氧化硅是硅烷偶联剂改性过的二氧化硅。
6.根据权利要求1所述的环氧塑封料,其特征在于,所述的脱模剂选自巴西棕榈蜡、合成蜡和矿物质蜡中的任意一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的环氧塑封料,其特征在于,所述的偶联剂选自γ-环氧丙基丙基醚三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的任意一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的环氧塑封料,其特征在于,所述的环氧塑封料中还包含有阻燃剂、着色剂和改性剂中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求8所述的环氧塑封料,其特征在于,
所述的阻燃剂在环氧塑封料中的含量为0~10%;
所述的阻燃剂是卤系阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂、氮系阻燃剂、磷-卤系阻燃剂、磷-氮系阻燃剂中的任意一种或几种,或者是氢氧化物阻燃剂;
所述的着色剂在环氧塑封料中的含量为0~3wt%;
所述的着色剂选自钛白粉、氧化锌、锌钡白、炭黑中的任意一种或几种;
所述的改性剂在环氧树脂组合物中的含量为0~5wt%;
所述的改性剂是液体硅油、硅橡胶或它们的混合物。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202011592986.8A CN112724603A (zh) | 2020-12-29 | 2020-12-29 | 一种半导体封装用高可靠性环氧塑封料 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202011592986.8A CN112724603A (zh) | 2020-12-29 | 2020-12-29 | 一种半导体封装用高可靠性环氧塑封料 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN112724603A true CN112724603A (zh) | 2021-04-30 |
Family
ID=75607757
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202011592986.8A Pending CN112724603A (zh) | 2020-12-29 | 2020-12-29 | 一种半导体封装用高可靠性环氧塑封料 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN112724603A (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114316517A (zh) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-04-12 | 江苏长电科技股份有限公司 | 环氧塑封料组合物、制备方法及应用 |
Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006206846A (ja) * | 2005-01-31 | 2006-08-10 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd | 半導体封止用樹脂組成物及び半導体装置 |
CN102034800A (zh) * | 2009-09-24 | 2011-04-27 | 株式会社东芝 | 半导体装置和粘结片 |
CN102382422A (zh) * | 2010-09-01 | 2012-03-21 | 北京科化新材料科技有限公司 | 包含一水合氧化铝的环氧树脂组合物 |
CN104497490A (zh) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-08 | 科化新材料泰州有限公司 | 用于全包封器件的高导热环氧树脂组合物及其制备方法 |
CN106674911A (zh) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-17 | 科化新材料泰州有限公司 | 一种半导体封装用高粘接环氧塑封料 |
CN106674910A (zh) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-05-17 | 科化新材料泰州有限公司 | 一种半导体封装用低应力环氧塑封料 |
CN108070213A (zh) * | 2016-11-16 | 2018-05-25 | 北京科化新材料科技有限公司 | 一种环氧树脂组合物及其应用 |
CN109467881A (zh) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-03-15 | 科化新材料泰州有限公司 | 一种半导体封装用超耐热、高导热环氧塑封料 |
CN109517336A (zh) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-03-26 | 科化新材料泰州有限公司 | 一种半导体封装用超耐热、高导热环氧塑封料的制备方法 |
CN111073217A (zh) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-28 | 科化新材料泰州有限公司 | 一种半导体封装用高导热低应力环氧塑封料 |
CN111471271A (zh) * | 2019-01-23 | 2020-07-31 | 英飞凌科技股份有限公司 | 得到腐蚀保护的模制化合物 |
-
2020
- 2020-12-29 CN CN202011592986.8A patent/CN112724603A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006206846A (ja) * | 2005-01-31 | 2006-08-10 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd | 半導体封止用樹脂組成物及び半導体装置 |
CN102034800A (zh) * | 2009-09-24 | 2011-04-27 | 株式会社东芝 | 半导体装置和粘结片 |
CN102382422A (zh) * | 2010-09-01 | 2012-03-21 | 北京科化新材料科技有限公司 | 包含一水合氧化铝的环氧树脂组合物 |
CN104497490A (zh) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-08 | 科化新材料泰州有限公司 | 用于全包封器件的高导热环氧树脂组合物及其制备方法 |
CN108070213A (zh) * | 2016-11-16 | 2018-05-25 | 北京科化新材料科技有限公司 | 一种环氧树脂组合物及其应用 |
CN106674910A (zh) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-05-17 | 科化新材料泰州有限公司 | 一种半导体封装用低应力环氧塑封料 |
CN106674911A (zh) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-17 | 科化新材料泰州有限公司 | 一种半导体封装用高粘接环氧塑封料 |
CN109467881A (zh) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-03-15 | 科化新材料泰州有限公司 | 一种半导体封装用超耐热、高导热环氧塑封料 |
CN109517336A (zh) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-03-26 | 科化新材料泰州有限公司 | 一种半导体封装用超耐热、高导热环氧塑封料的制备方法 |
CN111471271A (zh) * | 2019-01-23 | 2020-07-31 | 英飞凌科技股份有限公司 | 得到腐蚀保护的模制化合物 |
CN111073217A (zh) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-28 | 科化新材料泰州有限公司 | 一种半导体封装用高导热低应力环氧塑封料 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
毕洁琼;刘金刚;王松松;周佃香;任卫卫;张以河;: "微机电系统传感器封装用环氧绝缘材料的制备与性能" * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114316517A (zh) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-04-12 | 江苏长电科技股份有限公司 | 环氧塑封料组合物、制备方法及应用 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TWI388620B (zh) | 半導體密封用環氧樹脂組成物及半導體裝置 | |
KR101919157B1 (ko) | 반도체 밀봉용 에폭시 수지 조성물 및 그것을 사용한 반도체 장치 | |
JP5396687B2 (ja) | 半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物、その製造方法及び半導体装置 | |
TWI403529B (zh) | 半導體密封用環氧樹脂組成物及半導體裝置 | |
JP4788916B2 (ja) | 半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物及び半導体装置 | |
JPS627212B2 (zh) | ||
JP6988952B2 (ja) | 封止組成物及び半導体装置 | |
CN112724603A (zh) | 一种半导体封装用高可靠性环氧塑封料 | |
CN108699423B (zh) | 用于密封半导体器件的环氧树脂组合物以及使用其密封的半导体器件 | |
KR20060111851A (ko) | 반도체 밀봉용 에폭시 수지 조성물 및 반도체 장치 | |
JP7420559B2 (ja) | 封止用樹脂組成物 | |
CN110776715A (zh) | 用于封装半导体装置的环氧树脂组成物和半导体装置 | |
JP4577070B2 (ja) | エポキシ樹脂組成物及び半導体装置 | |
JP3811154B2 (ja) | 封止用樹脂組成物および樹脂封止型半導体装置 | |
KR101266542B1 (ko) | 반도체 소자 밀봉용 에폭시 수지 조성물 및 이를 이용한 반도체 소자 패키지 | |
JP2021098786A (ja) | 液状エポキシ樹脂組成物 | |
JP2008208176A (ja) | エポキシ樹脂組成物及び半導体装置 | |
JPH0379370B2 (zh) | ||
JP4946030B2 (ja) | エポキシ樹脂組成物及び半導体装置 | |
KR102319561B1 (ko) | 반도체 소자 밀봉용 에폭시 수지 조성물 및 이를 이용하여 밀봉된 반도체 소자 | |
KR102587322B1 (ko) | 반도체 소자 밀봉용 에폭시 수지 조성물 및 이를 사용하여 밀봉된 반도체 소자 | |
KR102184232B1 (ko) | 반도체 소자 밀봉용 에폭시 수지 조성물 및 이를 이용하여 밀봉된 반도체 장치 | |
KR102623238B1 (ko) | 반도체 소자 밀봉용 에폭시 수지 조성물 및 이를 사용하여 밀봉된 반도체 소자 | |
KR100413357B1 (ko) | 반도체 소자 밀봉용 에폭시 수지 조성물 | |
KR100898337B1 (ko) | 반도체 소자 밀봉용 에폭시 수지 조성물 및 이를 이용한 반도체 소자 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
CB02 | Change of applicant information |
Address after: No.70, Meilan East Road, hailing Industrial Park, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province 225300 Applicant after: Jiangsu Sinopec New Materials Co.,Ltd. Address before: No.70, Meilan East Road, hailing Industrial Park, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province 225300 Applicant before: Jiangsu Kehua New Material Technology Co.,Ltd. |
|
CB02 | Change of applicant information | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20210430 |
|
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |