CN112690451A - 人参醇提物在促睡眠的保健品或者食品中的应用 - Google Patents
人参醇提物在促睡眠的保健品或者食品中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112690451A CN112690451A CN202011549918.3A CN202011549918A CN112690451A CN 112690451 A CN112690451 A CN 112690451A CN 202011549918 A CN202011549918 A CN 202011549918A CN 112690451 A CN112690451 A CN 112690451A
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- extract
- ginseng
- sleep
- alcohol
- alcohol extract
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- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了人参醇提物在促睡眠的保健品或者食品中的应用,属于保健品或食品技术领域。人参醇提物在促睡眠的保健品或者食品中的应用。利用DAM2果蝇行为学监测系统分析发现人参醇提物能够增加正常及睡眠剥夺果蝇睡眠总时长,并缓解由于睡眠剥夺所致的睡眠节律紊乱。通过攀爬实验发现人参醇提物能够提高正常及睡眠剥夺果蝇的攀爬能力。人参醇提物一方面可以提高睡眠质量,保护睡眠节律稳态,另一方面可提高其睡眠后的运动能力,拟应用在具有促睡眠及改善睡眠质量的保健品及保健食品中。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于保健品或食品技术领域,具体涉及人参醇提物在促睡眠的保健品或者食品中的应用。
背景技术
失眠常表现为入睡困难、早醒、深层睡眠时间减少、多梦等症状。以此可引发多种不良反应,如头疼、乏力、易怒、恶心,心律失常,高血压,记忆力减退,免疫力下降等。持续失眠不仅会引发心脑血管疾病、神经退行性病变及衰老,也通常是上述疾病过程中的并发进表现及进一步恶性循环的主要诱因。现阶段,依赖于褪黑素等药物成分的促睡眠保健品其在使用上存在一定的副作用,如依赖性、撤药反弹、半衰期长、日间嗜睡等不良后果。因此无副作用且无依赖性的中药促睡眠保健品在该类产品中具有一定优势。
中医又称失眠为不寐,是心神失养或心神不安所致,常用“安神”药论治。人参具有“安神”功效,最早见于《神农本草经》:“安精神,定魂魄,止惊悸”。
人参醇提取物是人参活性物质的混合物,具有降糖作用,常规用于研究糖尿病的治疗机理研究(人参醇提取物对糖尿病小鼠模型的治疗机理研究,王俊霞,北京中医药,2011年2月第30卷第2期:146-149.)。人参醇提取物与其他中药提取物联合使用,还具有延缓内皮细胞衰老的作用(人参三七川芎醇提取物对衰老人心脏微血管内皮细胞自噬的影响,王强,中医杂志,2017年第6期,516-519)。但目前还没有关于人参醇提取物调节睡眠的功效的报道。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供人参醇提物的新用途,即人参醇提物在促睡眠的保健品或者食品中的应用。
本发明提供了人参醇提物在促睡眠的保健品或者食品中的应用。
优选的,所述人参醇提物的制备方法,将洗净的人参在体积浓度75%~95%的醇水溶液中浸泡,经加热回流提取、固液分离,得到的液相干燥获得人参醇提物。
优选的,所述醇水溶液为乙醇水溶液或甲醇水溶液。
优选的,所述人参的质量与醇水溶液的体积比为1g:(6~8)mL。
优选的,采用醇水溶液浸泡前,还包括将洗净的人参采用水提取,经加热回流提取后得到的固相进行醇水溶液浸泡。
优选的,所述人参和水的质量比为1:(6~8);
所述水提取的时间为1~2h。
优选的,所述醇水溶液浸泡的时间为2~3h。
优选的,所述人参醇提取物包括以下质量百分含量的活性成分:人参寡糖30%~60%、人参皂苷5%~10%。
优选的,所述人参醇提物与酸枣仁提取物、灵芝提取物、柏子仁提取物、茯苓提取物、五味子提取物、百合提取物、莲子提取物、菊花提取物、甘草提取物、西红花提取物、栀子提取物、刺五加提取物中的一种或多种联合在促睡眠的保健品或者食品中的应用。
本发明提供的人参醇提物在促睡眠的保健品或者食品中的应用。本发明实验证明,人参提取物能够有效缓解由于睡眠剥夺所导致的睡眠节律失衡及运动机能的降低。这表明,该人参提取物能够有效改善睡眠质量,增加睡眠时间。因此欲将其开发成为促睡眠、调节睡眠质量等保健品或食品原料。
附图说明
图1为人参醇提物(SPJ)及各对比例中所制备的醇提物对正常及睡眠剥夺果蝇总睡眠时间的影响;其中正常睡眠果蝇中各组与空白未加药组(Con)进行比较其统计学结果表示为(*),其中睡眠剥夺果蝇中各组与空白未加药组(Con)进行比较其统计学结果表示为(#);
图2为人参醇提物(SPJ)对正常及睡眠剥夺果蝇睡眠节律的影响;
图3为人参醇提物(SPJ)对正常及睡眠剥夺果蝇攀爬能力的影响;其中正常睡眠果蝇中各组与空白未加药组(Con)进行比较其统计学结果表示为(*),其中睡眠剥夺果蝇中各组与空白未加药组(Con)进行比较其统计学结果表示为(#)。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了人参醇提物在促睡眠的保健品或者食品中的应用。
在本发明中,所述人参醇提物的制备方法,优选将洗净的人参在体积浓度75%~95%的醇水溶液中浸泡,经回流提取、固液分离,得到的液相干燥获得人参醇提物。所述醇水溶液优选为乙醇水溶液或甲醇水溶液,更优选为乙醇水溶液。所述人参的质量与醇水溶液的体积比优选为1g:(6~8)mL,更优选为1g:7mL。所述醇水溶液中浸泡的时间优选为10~14h,更优选为12h。
在本发明中,采用醇水溶液浸泡前,优选还包括将洗净的人参采用水提取,经加热回流提取后得到的固相再进行醇水溶液提取,预先进行水提取有利于去除人参中兴奋物质。所述人参和水的质量比优选为1:(6~8),更优选为1:7;所述水提取的时间为10~14h,更优选为12h;所述醇水溶液提取的时间为2~3h。所述醇水溶液提取的温度优选为20~40℃,更优选为25℃。低温提取有利于防止醇水高温提取后液体冷却出现析出。所述加热回流提取的温度优选为80~100℃,更优选为90℃;所述加热回流提取的时间优选为1.5~3h,更优选为2h。
在本发明中,得到的液相干燥前优选还包括减压浓缩;所述减压浓缩至体积的5%~10%时进行干燥。所述干燥优选为喷雾干燥。本发明对所述喷雾干燥的方法不做具体限定,采用本领域所熟知的干燥方法即可。
在本发明中,所述人参醇提取物包括以下质量百分含量的活性成分:人参寡糖30%~60%、人参皂苷5%~10%,余量为鞣质、黄酮和多酚等活性物质,所述人参醇提取物中所述余量物质经检测和验证不属于改善睡眠作用的活性成分,而且不对总体效果产生干扰。
在本发明中,所述人参醇提物优选与酸枣仁提取物、灵芝提取物、柏子仁提取物、茯苓提取物、五味子提取物、百合提取物、莲子提取物、菊花提取物、甘草提取物、西红花提取物、栀子提取物、刺五加提取物中的一种或多种联合在促睡眠的保健品或者食品中的应用。所述酸枣仁提取物、灵芝提取物、柏子仁提取物、茯苓提取物、五味子提取物、百合提取物、莲子提取物、菊花提取物、甘草提取物、西红花提取物、栀子提取物和刺五加提取物为本领域常见的水提物和醇提物。本发明对上述联合应用的方案中,各提取物的配比没有特殊限制,将人参醇提物与酸枣仁提取物、灵芝提取物、柏子仁提取物、五味子提取物、菊花提取物、甘草提取物、西红花提取物、栀子提取物、刺五加提取物任意种类及比例复配即可。
在本发明中,利用果蝇行为学实时监测系统发现,所述人参醇提物可缓解由于睡眠剥夺所导致的睡眠节律失衡及运动机能的降低。通过对果蝇脑组织蛋白质组表达图谱的比对发现,睡眠剥夺可明显降低脑组织能量代谢及抗氧化相关蛋白的表达,而人参醇提物可扭转该变化使其表达水平恢复正常。因此,人参醇提物应用于促进睡眠、改善睡眠质量功效的保健品或食品中。人参醇提物的添加质量占所述保健品或食品总质量的10%~25%。本发明对所述保健品或食品的制备方法没有特殊限制,采用本领域所熟知的保健品或食品的制备方法即可。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的人参醇提物在促睡眠的保健品或者食品中的应用进行详细的说明,但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
人参醇提物的制备方法
将人参清洗称重后切片至厚度为2mm,取25kg人参切片置于提取罐中,加入6倍质量的软化水常温浸泡10h;在100℃条件下加热回流提取2h后,排出罐内液体;再次加入8倍的软化水重复提取2h,罐内留人参残渣待用。
向罐中人参残渣加入6倍的80%乙醇水溶液,25℃常温浸提12h,期间进行搅拌;提取结束排出液体,经多级管道式过滤器过滤后打入浓缩罐;在浓缩罐内减压浓缩至体积的5%,经喷雾干燥后得到人参醇提物。
实施例2
人参醇提物的制备方法
将人参清洗称重后切片至厚度为2mm,取25kg人参切片置于提取罐中,加入7倍质量的95%乙醇,25℃常温浸泡3h;浸泡后进行固液分离,收集滤液至浓缩罐,同时再向提取罐中人参残渣加入7倍的95%乙醇,25℃常温浸提3小时,期间进行搅拌;提取结束排出液体,经多级管道式过滤器过滤后打入浓缩罐;在浓缩罐内减压浓缩至体积的10%,经喷雾干燥后得到人参醇提物。
实施例3
人参醇提物的制备
将人参清洗称重后切片或切段,取25kg人参切片置于提取罐中,加入6倍的甲醇,25℃浸泡12h;在常温浸提2h后,排出罐内液体;再次加入8倍的体积浓度80%的甲醇水溶液常温浸提2h,此过程重复两次,排出液体,经多级管道式过滤器过滤后打入浓缩罐;在浓缩罐内减压浓缩至体积的5%,经喷雾干燥后得到人参醇提物。
对比例1
人参醇提物的制备方法
将人参清洗称重后切片至厚度为2mm,取25kg人参切片置于提取罐中,加入6倍质量的软化水常温浸泡12h;在100℃条件下加热回流提取2h后,排出罐内液体;再次加入6倍的软化水重复提取4h,罐内留人参残渣待用。
向罐中人参残渣加入6倍的60%乙醇,25℃常温浸提12h,期间进行搅拌;提取结束排出液体,经多级管道式过滤器过滤后打入浓缩罐;在浓缩罐内减压浓缩至体积的10%,经喷雾干燥后得到人参醇提物。
对比例2
人参醇提物的制备方法
将人参清洗称重后切片至厚度为2mm,取25kg人参切片置于提取罐中,加入6倍质量的软化水常温浸泡12h;在100℃条件下加热回流提取4h后,排出罐内液体;再次加入6倍的软化水重复提取4小时,罐内留人参残渣待用。
向罐中人参残渣加入6倍的75%乙醇,25℃常温浸提12h,期间进行搅拌;提取结束排出液体,经多级管道式过滤器过滤后打入浓缩罐;在浓缩罐内减压浓缩至体积的10%,经喷雾干燥后得到人参醇提物。
对比例3
人参醇提物的制备方法
将人参清洗称重后切片至厚度为2mm,取25kg人参切片置于提取罐中,向罐中加入8倍体积的50%乙醇水溶液,常温浸提3h,期间进行搅拌;提取结束排出液体,经多级管道式过滤器过滤后打入浓缩罐;在浓缩罐内减压浓缩至体积的5%,经喷雾干燥后得到人参醇提物。
对比例4
人参醇提物的制备方法
将人参清洗称重后切片至厚度为2mm,取25kg人参切片置于提取罐中,加入8倍体积的纯甲醇在100℃条件下加热回流提取2h后,排出罐内液体;再次加入8倍的纯甲醇重复提取2h,罐内留人参残渣待用。
实施例4
将实施例1~3和对比例1~4制备的人参醇提物采用分光光度方法检测其中的糖与皂苷的含量,并比较其溶解性,稳定性。
结果表明,人参醇提物中活性成分主要为人参寡糖和人参皂苷。按照式I、式II和式III计算各组分的含量,具体含量结果见表1。
人参醇提物得率(%)=(人参醇提物/人参总质量)×100% 式I
人参寡糖(%)=(人参寡糖/人参醇提物)×100%式II
人参皂苷(%)=(人参皂苷/人参醇提物)×100%式III表1实施例1~3和对比例1~4制备的人参醇提物成分
注:对比例4所述提取物在配制溶液后静止出现析出。
实施例5
人参醇提物对果蝇睡眠时间及节律的影响
将7日龄雄性处女果蝇随机分为4组,即空白组,空白加药组,睡眠剥夺组,睡眠剥夺加药组,每组32只。以0.5%浓度的人参醇提取物培养基给药,具体是按0.5%的质量将人参醇提物溶解于培养基中,设置3个重复,3个重复是分别采用实施例1制备的人参醇提物(SPJ),同时设置不添加人参醇提物的培养基作为对照,配制的培养基由果蝇自己觅食,连续觅食7天,空白及空白加药组继续正常条件培养12h,睡眠剥夺及睡眠剥夺加药组于当日20时至次日8时给予摇床机械睡眠剥夺。睡眠剥夺结束后将各组果蝇分养至DAM2果蝇行为学分析系统,实时监测果蝇活动情况,以5min内活动次数为0作为判定果蝇处于睡眠状态的标准,持续监测24h。
结果见图1和图2。图1为人参醇提物(SPJ)及各对比例中所述醇提物对正常及睡眠剥夺果蝇总睡眠时间的影响;图2为人参醇提物(SPJ)对正常及睡眠剥夺果蝇睡眠节律的影响。数据显示,正常果蝇及睡眠剥夺的果蝇在加入实施例1所述受试药物人参提取物(SPJ)后,其睡眠总时长分别增加了46%±4.36%及33.3%±2.80%(p<0.001),对比例1、3、4也能够增加正常果蝇及睡眠剥夺果蝇的睡眠总时长,其增长幅度分别为23.87%±2.7%、18.99%±4.93%(对比例1);28.77%±1.91%、29.76%±1.84%(对比例3);28.85%±3.70%、25.61%±2.01%(对比例4),且三组活性低于实施例1(p<0.05)。而对比例2则并不能明显增加两组果蝇的睡眠总时长。这可能是因为过长时间的加热降低了提取物中促睡眠成分的活性,同时长时间水溶液提取增加了具有促睡眠功效的醇溶性寡糖成分的流失;此外乙醇及甲醇回流提取物在恢复室温状态后,容易形成不溶于水的絮状物,这为后处理工序带来很多困难。
睡眠质量的好坏不仅与睡眠时间的长短有关,还与睡眠的深度有关。通过睡眠振幅来评价,睡眠的振幅越大,说明睡眠的质量越好。如图2所示,睡眠剥夺之后,果蝇的睡眠振幅明显缩短,类似于半睡不睡的状态。而加入实施例1中所述的人参提取物(SPJ)后,睡眠振幅与正常果蝇一样,这表明其具有调节睡眠节律的潜在作用。
实施例6
人参醇提物对果蝇攀爬能力的影响
睡眠不好会影响机体的运动机能,为此评价了实施例1中所述的人参提取物(SPJ)对睡眠剥夺后果蝇的运动机能的影响。
将7日龄雄性处女果蝇随机分为4组,即空白组、空白加药组、睡眠剥夺组和睡眠剥夺加药组,每组32只。
将上述4组果蝇分别放置于攀爬板中,垂直敲下所有果蝇后于第5秒拍照记录果蝇攀爬距离。相同时间内攀爬距离越高,则表示其运动机能越强。
结果见图3。图3为人参醇提物(SPJ)对正常及睡眠剥夺果蝇攀爬能力的影响。结果证明,睡眠剥夺会降低果蝇的运动机能,而服用实施例1中所述的人参提取物(SPJ)可恢复果蝇的运动机能到正常水平(p<0.05)。
由上述实施例可知,人参醇提物(SPJ)可明显提高正常及睡眠剥夺果蝇总睡眠时长,缓解由于睡眠剥夺所导致的睡眠节律紊乱,即恢复其睡眠振幅至正常水平。同时,人参醇提物(SPJ)分可以提高睡眠剥夺的果蝇攀爬能力,恢复其运动机能。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.人参醇提物在促睡眠的保健品或者食品中的应用。
2.权利要求1所述应用,其特征在于,所述人参醇提物的制备方法,将洗净的人参在体积浓度75%~95%的醇水溶液中浸泡、加热回流提取,经固液分离,得到的液相干燥获得人参醇提物。
3.根据权利要求2所述应用,其特征在于,所述醇水溶液为乙醇水溶液或甲醇水溶液。
4.根据权利要求2所述应用,其特征在于,所述人参的质量与醇水溶液的体积比为1g:(6~8)mL。
5.根据权利要求2~4任意一项所述应用,其特征在于,采用醇水溶液浸泡前,还包括将洗净的人参采用水提取,经加热回流提取后得到的固相进行醇水溶液浸泡。
6.根据权利要求5所述应用,其特征在于,所述人参和水的质量比为1:(6~8);
所述水提取的时间为1~2h。
7.根据权利要求6所述应用,其特征在于,所述醇水溶液浸泡、回流提取的时间为2~3h。
8.根据权利要求1~4、6和7任意一项所述应用,其特征在于,所述人参醇提取物包括以下质量百分含量的活性成分:人参寡糖30%~60%、人参皂苷5%~10%。
9.根据权利要求8所述应用,其特征在于,所述人参醇提物与酸枣仁提取物、灵芝提取物、柏子仁提取物、茯苓提取物、五味子提取物、百合提取物、莲子提取物、菊花提取物、甘草提取物、西红花提取物、栀子提取物、刺五加提取物中的一种或多种联合在促睡眠的保健品或者食品中的应用。
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