CN112680233A - Soil conditioner for Jingxi rice and soil improvement method thereof - Google Patents
Soil conditioner for Jingxi rice and soil improvement method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil conditioner for Jingxi rice and a soil improvement method thereof, relating to the technical field of soil improvement, wherein the soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20-40% of earthworm fertilizer, 30-60% of organic source soil conditioner, 5-20% of mineral fertilizer and 5-20% of multifunctional microbial agent. The soil conditioner is a formula product integrating five effects of an organic fertilizer, a microbial agent, a soil conditioner, a medium trace element fertilizer and a biostimulant, can construct a healthy soil ecosystem of the Jingxi rice aiming at the soil problem of the Jingxi rice region, and improves the yield and the quality of the Jingxi rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a soil conditioner for Jingxi rice and a soil improvement method thereof.
Background
China is a big country for rice planting, and the Beijing rice region is located in the northwest suburb of the Hai lake region of Beijing City. Jingxi rice is imperial rice and a national agricultural product geographical sign, belongs to japonica rice subspecies, has mellow and bright granules, is fragrant, sweet, tender, soft and delicious when being steamed into rice, is particularly suitable for cooking porridge, has clear and smooth soup and spilled fragrance, and does not scatter rice grains. However, in recent years, due to the continuous expansion of urban functions in Beijing, the limitation of water resources, the improper planting management of planting households and the like, the rice yield and quality of Beijing rice gradually decrease, and the planting area decreases year by year.
Soil is the most basic production data of agriculture, and due to long-term multiple cropping, continuous cropping and excessive fertilizer application planting habits in China, the soil ecosystem is seriously degraded, the problems of reduction of soil organic matter content, reduction of production capacity, lack or uneven soil nutrient element content, deterioration of soil physicochemical properties, shallow soil layer, structural deterioration and the like occur, and further the yield and the quality of planted crops are reduced. The main problems of low organic matter, damaged granular structure, soil alkalization, unbalanced nutrients, unbalanced micro-ecosystem and the like of the soil in the Jingxi rice area are the main reasons for reducing the quality and the yield of the Jingxi rice.
The rice district of Beijing is located in the Haihai district of Beijing, the kitchen waste is produced by about 100 million tons every year in the whole district, and the landscaping waste is produced by about 50 million cubic meters, if the mixed organic waste can not be properly treated and utilized, not only can serious environmental pollution and ecological degradation be caused, but also a huge resource waste can be caused to the kitchen waste and the landscaping waste which can be used as high-quality soil improvement raw materials.
Common methods for improving rice soil include: 1. an organic fertilizer improvement method, which utilizes organic matter resources such as livestock manure, straws and the like as raw materials to carry out soil improvement by organic fertilizer fermented by composting; 2. the physical method is used for soil improvement, and the soil dressing method adopts sand blending and sticking and sand blending to improve soil; 3. biological method for soil improvement by adding functional microorganisms. The following problems exist in soil improvement by using organic fertilizers: the stability of the organic fertilizer source is insufficient and is limited by regional culture planning and culture scale; the organic fertilizer is not completely decomposed, and secondary pollution including heavy metals and pathogenic microorganisms is easily caused; most of organic matters contained in the organic fertilizer are macromolecular humus carbon, and the organic fertilizer can only play a single effect of improving the content of organic matters in soil improvement, but cannot fundamentally provide a micromolecular carbon source for soil microorganisms, improve the activity of the soil and increase the number of the soil microorganisms and soil animals. The soil improvement by the soil dressing method has the problems of large manpower and material resources, high improvement cost and poor operability. The problem of soil improvement by using a biological method is that a large amount of exogenous functional microorganisms are added, so that the original organic matters of the soil are greatly consumed, a large amount of mineralization loss of the organic matters of the soil is caused, and the improvement effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a soil conditioner for Jingxi rice and a soil conditioning method thereof, which aim to solve the problems of low quality and yield of the Jingxi rice caused by the main problems of low organic matter, damaged granular structure, alkalization of soil, unbalanced nutrients, unbalanced micro-ecosystem and the like of the soil in the conventional Jingxi rice area.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
according to the first aspect of the invention, the soil conditioner for the Jingxi rice is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20-40% of earthworm fertilizer, 30-60% of organic source soil conditioner, 5-20% of mineral fertilizer and 5-20% of multifunctional microbial agent.
Further, the soil conditioner is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30-40% of earthworm fertilizer, 40-50% of organic source soil conditioner, 10-15% of mineral fertilizer and 5-10% of multifunctional microbial agent.
Further, the preparation method of the earthworm fertilizer comprises the following steps: crushing and kneading the collected garden waste by using a dual biological method, fermenting for 30 days, inoculating earthworms for digestion and degradation, and obtaining the earthworm fertilizer after 60-80 days.
Further, the technical indexes of the earthworm fertilizer are as follows: organic matter ≧45% of total nutrient (N + P)2O5+K2O) content is more than or equal to 5 percent, pH6.5-7.5, water content<30% of biostimulant>2％。
Further, the preparation method of the organic source soil conditioner comprises the following specific steps: screening the kitchen and kitchen waste by using a biological reinforced humification technology, removing non-organic impurities, performing dry-wet separation, uniformly mixing dry matters obtained by separation with straw waste and a biological humic acid conversion agent, and performing high-temperature aerobic fermentation for 10-14 hours to obtain the organic source soil conditioner.
Further, the technical indexes of the organic source soil conditioner are as follows: not less than 75% of organic matter, not less than 20% of easily-oxidized organic matter and total nutrient (N + P)2O5+K2O) content is more than or equal to 5 percent, pH6.0-7.5, water content<12％。
Furthermore, the mineral fertilizer is prepared by crushing and activating natural ores, and the main technical indexes are as follows: k2O≥4.0％，SiO2≥3.0％，CaO≥8.0％，MgO≥1.0％，Fe+Mn+B+Zn≥0.2％，pH 6.5-7.5。
Further, the multifunctional microbial agent comprises one or more of streptomyces microflavus, bacillus, yeast, photosynthetic bacteria, azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria and silicate bacteria; the effective viable count of the multifunctional microbial agent is not less than 50 hundred million/g.
Further, the technical indexes of the soil conditioner are as follows: 70% or more of organic matter, 18% or more of easily-oxidizable organic matter, pH6.0-7.5, and water content<12 percent of effective viable bacteria, the number of the effective viable bacteria is not less than 2 hundred million/g, and N + P2O5+K2O≥5％，CaO≥8.0％，MgO≥1.0％，SiO2Not less than 3.0%, Fe + Mn + B + Zn not less than 0.2%, and biological stimulator>1％。
According to a second aspect of the present invention, a soil improvement method for beijing rice, the soil improvement method comprising the steps of:
s1: according to the farming management period of the rice, in the spring ploughing stage, soil is completely ploughed deeply and soil is leveled, and the deep ploughing depth is not less than 30 cm;
s2: uniformly spreading the soil improvement agent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 into soil in one step;
s3: carrying out rotary tillage on the soil paved with the soil conditioner to fully and uniformly mix the product and the soil;
s4: balancing for 7-10 days after watering;
s5: soaking for 5-7 days;
s6: transplanting the rice seedlings.
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention relates to a soil conditioner for Jingxi rice, which is a formula product integrating five effects of 'organic fertilizer + microbial agent + soil conditioner + medium trace element fertilizer + biostimulant', wherein an organic source soil conditioner is prepared by taking regional urban and rural organic wastes as raw materials, the organic source soil conditioner is taken as a food-grade high-energy carrier, and a multifunctional microbial agent and an earthworm fertilizer are matched, so that a soil micro-ecological system can be quickly regulated and controlled, a soil biological barrier is constructed, harmful bacteria in soil are inhibited, the quick formation of beneficial microbial organisms is promoted, the decomposition of soil organic matters is further promoted, a soil granular structure is formed, and the physical structure of soil is improved; the added mineral fertilizer solves the problem of unbalance of mineral nutrition of soil caused by long-term absorption of one or more mineral elements by rice; the biological stimulin contained in the soil conditioner can improve the quality of the Jingxi rice.
The soil conditioner for the Jingxi rice can construct a Jingxi rice healthy soil ecosystem aiming at the soil problem of the Jingxi rice region, and improve the yield and the quality of the Jingxi rice.
The soil improvement method for the Jingxi rice is simple and easy to implement and is suitable for wide popularization.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A soil conditioner for Jingxi rice is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30% of earthworm fertilizer, 50% of organic source soil conditioner, 15% of mineral fertilizer and 5% of multifunctional microbial agent.
The preparation method of the earthworm fertilizer comprises the following steps: crushing and kneading the collected garden waste by using a dual biological method, fermenting for 30 days, inoculating earthworms for digestion and degradation, and obtaining the earthworm fertilizer after 60-80 days. The technical indexes of the earthworm fertilizer are as follows: organic matter content of 45% or more, total nutrient (N + P)2O5+K2O) content is more than or equal to 5 percent, pH6.5-7.5, water content<30% of biostimulant>2％。
The preparation method of the organic source soil conditioner comprises the following steps: screening the kitchen and kitchen waste by using a biological reinforced humification technology, removing non-organic impurities, performing dry-wet separation, uniformly mixing dry matters obtained by separation with straw waste and a biological humic acid conversion agent, and performing high-temperature aerobic fermentation for 10-14 hours to obtain the organic source soil conditioner. The technical indexes of the organic source soil conditioner are as follows: not less than 75% of organic matter, not less than 20% of easily-oxidized organic matter and total nutrient (N + P)2O5+K2O) content is more than or equal to 5 percent, pH6.0-7.5, water content<12％。
The mineral fertilizer is prepared by crushing and activating natural ores, and has the main technical indexes that: k2O≥4.0％，SiO2≥3.0％，CaO≥8.0％，MgO≥1.0％，Fe+Mn+B+Zn≥0.2％，pH 6.5-7.5。
The multifunctional microbial agent comprises one or more of streptomyces microflavus, bacillus, yeast, photosynthetic bacteria, azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria and silicate bacteria. The effective viable count of the multifunctional microbial agent is not less than 50 hundred million/g.
The technical indexes of the soil conditioner are as follows: 70% or more of organic matter, 18% or more of easily-oxidizable organic matter, pH6.0-7.5, and water content<12 percent of effective viable bacteria, the number of the effective viable bacteria is not less than 2 hundred million/g, and N + P2O5+K2O≥5％，CaO≥8.0％，MgO≥1.0％，SiO2Not less than 3.0%, Fe + Mn + B + Zn not less than 0.2%, and biological stimulator>1％。
Example 2
A soil conditioner for Jingxi rice is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40% of earthworm fertilizer, 40% of organic source soil conditioner, 10% of mineral fertilizer and 10% of multifunctional microbial agent.
The preparation method and technical indexes of the earthworm fertilizer are the same as those of the earthworm fertilizer in example 1.
The preparation method and technical indexes of the organic source soil conditioner are the same as those of the example 1.
The source and main technical indexes of the mineral fertilizer are the same as those of the example 1.
The species and effective viable count of the multifunctional microbial agent are the same as those in example 1.
The technical indexes of the soil conditioner are the same as those of the example 1.
Example 3
A soil conditioner for Jingxi rice is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20% of earthworm fertilizer, 60% of organic source soil conditioner, 5% of mineral fertilizer and 15% of multifunctional microbial agent.
The preparation method and technical indexes of the earthworm fertilizer are the same as those of the earthworm fertilizer in example 1.
The preparation method and technical indexes of the organic source soil conditioner are the same as those of the example 1.
The source and main technical indexes of the mineral fertilizer are the same as those of the example 1.
The species and effective viable count of the multifunctional microbial agent are the same as those in example 1.
The technical indexes of the soil conditioner are the same as those of the example 1.
Example 4
A soil conditioner for Jingxi rice is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30% of earthworm fertilizer, 30% of organic source soil conditioner, 20% of mineral fertilizer and 20% of multifunctional microbial agent.
The preparation method and technical indexes of the earthworm fertilizer are the same as those of the earthworm fertilizer in example 1.
The preparation method and technical indexes of the organic source soil conditioner are the same as those of the example 1.
The source and main technical indexes of the mineral fertilizer are the same as those of the example 1.
The species and effective viable count of the multifunctional microbial agent are the same as those in example 1.
The technical indexes of the soil conditioner are the same as those of the example 1.
Example 5
A soil improvement method for Jingxi rice, which comprises the following steps:
s1: according to the farming management period of the rice, in the spring ploughing stage, soil is completely ploughed deeply and soil is leveled, and the deep ploughing depth is not less than 30 cm;
s2: uniformly spreading the soil conditioner described in any one of the embodiments 1-4 into soil in one step;
s3: carrying out rotary tillage on the soil paved with the soil conditioner to fully and uniformly mix the product and the soil;
s4: balancing for 7-10 days after watering;
s5: soaking for 5-7 days;
s6: transplanting the rice seedlings.
Experimental example 1
The soil conditioner test of the rice in Beijing was carried out in Western Marfang of Haizu district of Beijing:
the test varieties are: yunfu Yun
The background value of the soil is as follows: the soil texture is loam, and the volume weight is 1.52g/cm3pH8.4, organic matter 13.3g/kg, total microbial weight 1.5X 106CFU/g, total nitrogen 1.2g/kg, available phosphorus 51.2mg/kg, quick-acting potassium 86.4 mg/kg.
Experimental group 1: the soil conditioner of example 1 was used in an amount of 1000kg per acre, and applied as a base fertilizer.
Control group 1: compound fertilizer (18% N-10% P)2O5-12％K2O)50 kg/mu, 500kg organic fertilizer (cow dung compost).
The soil improvement method comprises the following steps: the soil improvement method of the experimental group 1 is the same as that of the example 5, and the soil improvement method of the control group is the same as that of the example 5 except that the soil improvement agent is replaced by the compound fertilizer and the organic fertilizer of the control group 1.
1. Soil improvement effect
TABLE 1 comparison of soil improvement effects using fertilizers of experiment group 1 and control group 1
As can be seen from the experimental results in table 1, compared with the fertilizer of the control group 1, the indexes of the two varieties are changed after the soil conditioner of the invention example 1 is applied, wherein the bulk weight and pH of the soil have a decreasing trend, the soil organic matters of the two varieties are respectively increased by 0.53 percent and 0.63 percent more rich and more fertile, the total nitrogen has a decreasing trend, the available phosphorus and the available potassium have an increasing trend, and the microorganism abundance is also obviously improved, which indicates that after the soil conditioner of the invention is applied, the soil organic matters are rapidly improved, the soil aggregate structure is gradually formed, and the micro ecosystem is healthier.
2. Rice yield
TABLE 2 comparison table of rice yields obtained after soil improvement using fertilizers of experiment group 1 and control group 1
As can be seen from the experimental results in Table 2, compared with the fertilizer of the control group 1, the soil conditioner of the present invention has an obvious effect of promoting the nutrition and reproductive reproduction of rice, and significantly affects the biomass of rice and the differentiation and growth of ears. The plant heights of the two varieties are improved by more than 10% compared with that of the control group 1, the richer root biomass is increased by 62.7%, the yield is increased by 35.5%, the effective spike number is increased by 1-2, the spike number, the thousand kernel weight and the seed filling rate are obviously improved, and the richer actual yield and the yield are respectively increased by 25% and 30.1%.
3. Quality of rice
TABLE 3 comparison table of rice quality obtained after soil improvement using fertilizers of experiment group 1 and control group 1
As can be seen from the experimental results in Table 3, compared with the fertilizer of the control group 1, the application of the soil conditioner of the present invention has an effect of improving the rice quality, and the taste score, amylose and medium trace elements are improved.
Experimental example 2
The soil conditioner test of the Jingxi rice is carried out in Yuquan mountain of Haizu district of Beijing city:
the test varieties are: the richer the herb
The background value of the soil is as follows: the soil texture is loam, and the volume weight is 1.62g/cm3pH8.19, organic matter 11.16g/kg, total microbial weight 2.1 × 106CFU/g, total nitrogen 1.0g/kg, available phosphorus 32.99mg/kg, and quick-acting potassium 122.3 mg/kg.
Experimental group 2: the soil conditioner of example 2 was used in an amount of 1000kg per acre, and applied as a base fertilizer.
Control group 2: 1000kg of organic fertilizer (cow dung and sheep dung compost).
The soil improvement method comprises the following steps: the soil improvement method of the experimental group 2 is the same as that of the example 5, and the soil improvement method of the control group 2 is the same as that of the example 5 except that the soil improvement agent is replaced by the organic fertilizer of the control group 2.
1. Soil improvement effect
TABLE 4 comparison of soil improvement effects using fertilizers of experiment group 2 and control group 2
As can be seen from the experimental results in Table 4, the indexes of the variety after the application of the soil conditioner of example 2 were changed as compared with the fertilizer of control group 2. Wherein, the volume weight and the pH of the soil have a descending trend, the organic matters are respectively increased by 0.21 percent, the total nitrogen has a descending trend, the available phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium both have an increasing trend, and the microorganism richness is also obviously improved. After the soil conditioner is used, soil organic matters are rapidly improved, the pH is reduced, a soil aggregate structure is gradually formed, and a micro-ecosystem is healthier.
2. Rice yield
TABLE 5 comparison table of rice yields obtained after soil improvement using fertilizers of experiment group 2 and control group 2
As can be seen from the experimental results in Table 5, compared with the fertilizer of the control group 2, the soil conditioner of the present invention has an obvious effect of promoting the nutrition and reproduction of rice, and significantly affects the plant height, biomass and ear differentiation and growth of rice. Wherein, root biomass is increased by 31.1%, effective spike number is increased by 6, spike length, spike grain number and thousand grain weight are increased, grain plump rate is also improved, and actual yield is increased by 25.8%.
3. Quality of rice
TABLE 6 comparison table of rice quality obtained after soil improvement using fertilizers of experiment group 2 and control group 2
As can be seen from the experimental results in Table 6, compared with the fertilizer of the control group 2, the application of the soil conditioner of the present invention has an effect of improving the rice quality, and the taste score, amylose and medium trace elements are improved.
The soil conditioner of examples 3 and 4 has similar experimental results to those of examples 1 and 2, and both of them can rapidly increase organic matter in soil, lower pH, make the microbial system healthier, and also contribute to increase of rice yield and increase of rice quality.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. The soil conditioner for the Jingxi rice is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20-40% of earthworm fertilizer, 30-60% of organic source soil conditioner, 5-20% of mineral fertilizer and 5-20% of multifunctional microbial agent.
2. The soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein the soil conditioner is comprised of the following raw materials in weight percent: 30-40% of earthworm fertilizer, 40-50% of organic source soil conditioner, 10-15% of mineral fertilizer and 5-10% of multifunctional microbial agent.
3. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the earthworm fertilizer comprises the following steps: crushing and kneading the collected garden waste by using a dual biological method, fermenting for 30 days, inoculating earthworms for digestion and degradation, and obtaining the earthworm fertilizer after 60-80 days.
4. The soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein the technical indicators of the earthworm fertilizer are as follows: organic matter content of 45% or more, total nutrient (N + P)2O5+K2O) content is more than or equal to 5 percent, pH6.5-7.5, water content<30% of biostimulant>2％。
5. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the organic source soil conditioner is specifically as follows: screening the kitchen and kitchen waste by using a biological reinforced humification technology, removing non-organic impurities, performing dry-wet separation, uniformly mixing dry matters obtained by separation with straw waste and a biological humic acid conversion agent, and performing high-temperature aerobic fermentation for 10-14 hours to obtain the organic source soil conditioner.
6. The soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein the technical indicators of the organic source soil conditioner are as follows: not less than 75% of organic matter, not less than 20% of easily-oxidized organic matter and total nutrient (N + P)2O5+K2O) content is more than or equal to 5 percent, pH6.0-7.5, water content<12％。
7. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the mineral fertilizer is prepared by crushing and activating natural ores, and the main technical indexes are as follows: k2O≥4.0％，SiO2≥3.0％，CaO≥8.0％，MgO≥1.0％，Fe+Mn+B+Zn≥0.2％，pH 6.5-7.5。
8. The soil amendment according to claim 1, wherein the multifunctional microbial agent comprises one or more of streptomyces microflavus, bacillus, yeast, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, silicate bacteria; the effective viable count of the multifunctional microbial agent is not less than 50 hundred million/g.
9. The soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein the soil conditioner has the technical indicators: 70% or more of organic matter, 18% or more of easily-oxidizable organic matter, pH6.0-7.5, and water content<12 percent of effective viable bacteria, the number of the effective viable bacteria is not less than 2 hundred million/g, and N + P2O5+K2O≥5％，CaO≥8.0％，MgO≥1.0％，SiO2Not less than 3.0%, Fe + Mn + B + Zn not less than 0.2%, and biological stimulator>1％。
10. A soil improvement method for Beijing rice, which comprises the following steps:
s1: according to the farming management period of the rice, in the spring ploughing stage, soil is completely ploughed deeply and soil is leveled, and the deep ploughing depth is not less than 30 cm;
s2: uniformly spreading the soil improvement agent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 into soil in one step;
s3: carrying out rotary tillage on the soil paved with the soil conditioner to fully and uniformly mix the product and the soil;
s4: balancing for 7-10 days after watering;
s5: soaking for 5-7 days;
s6: transplanting the rice seedlings.
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Application publication date: 20210420 |