CN112673906A - Bitter gourd planting and cultivating method - Google Patents
Bitter gourd planting and cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112673906A CN112673906A CN202110035796.4A CN202110035796A CN112673906A CN 112673906 A CN112673906 A CN 112673906A CN 202110035796 A CN202110035796 A CN 202110035796A CN 112673906 A CN112673906 A CN 112673906A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting and cultivating method of bitter gourds, which comprises the steps of seed soaking, germination accelerating, seedling raising, site selection, land preparation, vine guiding by building frames and fertilizer and water management.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of vegetable planting, in particular to a planting and cultivating method of bitter gourds.
Background
The balsam pear is an important worldwide vegetable crop, is an annual climbing herbaceous plant and is widely cultivated in the south and north of China. The bitter gourd fruit is rich in various nutrient substances such as a large amount of vitamin C, amino acid, protein, cellulose and the like, and physiologically active substances such as polysaccharide, charantin, saponin, flavone and the like which can be separated and extracted from the bitter gourd fruit can clear away heat and toxic materials, reduce blood pressure, diminish inflammation, resist cancer and the like and improve the immunity of the organism after being eaten frequently. Along with the improvement of living standard and the arousal of health care consciousness of people, the bitter gourd serving as a vegetable with homology of medicine and food has wide application prospect and important economic and social significance. At the present time,
the production and processing of the balsam pear are rapidly developed, and the planting area of the balsam pear is increased year by year; however, the current bitter gourds are low in yield and poor in quality and cannot meet the requirements of people.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a bitter gourd planting and cultivating method, which can improve the germination rate of seeds, promote the growth of bitter gourd seedlings and improve the yield and quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a bitter gourd planting and cultivating method comprises the following steps:
s1, seed soaking and germination accelerating: selecting plump bitter gourd seeds, sterilizing, soaking the seeds in warm water for 1-2.5 hours at 25-45 deg.C, soaking the seeds in cold water for 8-15min at 7-10 deg.C, and performing germination acceleration at 28-34 deg.C for 18-32 hours.
S2, seedling culture: growing seedlings in a seedling growing plate after the seeds are exposed to the white, well paving a seedling growing matrix in the seedling growing plate, wherein the humidity of the seedling growing matrix is 55-70%; transplanting the balsam pear seedlings when 2-4 true leaves grow out.
The seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12-32 parts of pond soil, 8-16 parts of vermiculite, 3-7 parts of perlite, 6-9 parts of grass carbon and 1-2 parts of urea.
S3, site selection and soil preparation: selecting fertile and loose loam land, ploughing and leveling, preparing the land according to the width of the land of 1.2-1.6m, the width of the ditch of 30-35cm and the depth of the ditch of 20-30cm, and applying 600 organic fertilizers and 1200 kg/mu.
The organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 68-88 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 43-45 parts of corn straw, 22-44 parts of rice hull, 18-24 parts of cake, 14-18 parts of edible fungus leftovers, 14-16 parts of biogas residues and 6-7 parts of EM (effective microorganisms).
S4, erecting and leading vines: transplanting the balsam pear seedlings to the prepared land, when the height of the seedlings is more than 20cm, leading tendrils by using a frame rod, erecting a climbing frame, wherein the height of the climbing frame is 1.8-2m, and cutting off lateral tendrils which are less than 80cm away from the ground; and (3) after the main vines grow to the trellis, topping the main vines, reserving 2-4 lateral vines for each main vine to grow according to the distribution of 40-45 degrees, and topping when the lateral vines grow to 40-60 cm.
S5, fertilizer and water management: after the bitter gourd seedlings are transplanted and fixedly planted for 7 days, 15-15-15 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied for 1 time, 15-25kg per mu; applying organic fertilizer and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer for 1 time before fruiting, wherein 80-120kg of organic fertilizer and 10-15kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer are applied per mu; after exuberance, 10-15kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied for 1 time per month.
Preferably, the seeds are soaked for 1 hour when the warm water temperature of S1 is 45 ℃.
Preferably, the cold water temperature of S1 is 8 deg.C, and soaking seeds for 10 min.
Preferably, the S2 seedling raising process is completed in a greenhouse, and the seedling raising temperature is controlled to be 18-26 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, cold and warm water alternation is adopted for bitter gourd seed treatment, and the warm water seed soaking time is longer than the cold water seed soaking time, so that the seed activity can be effectively improved, the seed germination is promoted, and the germination rate is improved.
2. The management of the subsequent stages of the method is scientific and reasonable, the pruning of the main tendrils and the lateral tendrils can ensure the growth space of the bitter gourds, and the waste water management can ensure the nutritional requirements of the bitter gourds for growth.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the present invention will be described more clearly and completely below with reference to specific embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A bitter gourd planting and cultivating method comprises the following steps:
s1, seed soaking and germination accelerating: selecting plump bitter gourd seeds, sterilizing, soaking seeds in warm water for 1 hour at 45 deg.C, soaking seeds in cold water for 10min at 8 deg.C, and accelerating germination at 28 deg.C for 32 hours.
S2, seedling culture: growing seedlings in a seedling growing plate after the seeds are exposed to the white, paving a seedling growing matrix in the seedling growing plate, wherein the humidity of the seedling growing matrix is 55-70%, and the seedling growing temperature is controlled at 18-26 ℃; transplanting the balsam pear seedlings when 2-4 true leaves grow out.
The seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts of pond soil, 16 parts of vermiculite, 3 parts of perlite, 9 parts of grass carbon and 1 part of urea;
s3, site selection and soil preparation: selecting fertile and loose loam land, ploughing and leveling, preparing the land according to the width of the land of 1.2-1.6m, the width of the ditch of 30-35cm and the depth of the ditch of 20-30cm, and applying 1000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer.
The organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 68 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 45 parts of corn straw, 22 parts of rice hull, 24 parts of cake, 14 parts of edible fungus leftovers, 16 parts of biogas residues and 6 parts of EM (effective microorganisms).
S4, erecting and leading vines: transplanting the balsam pear seedlings to the prepared land, when the height of the seedlings is more than 20cm, leading tendrils by using a frame rod, erecting a climbing frame, wherein the height of the climbing frame is 1.8-2m, and cutting off lateral tendrils which are less than 80cm away from the ground; and (3) after the main vines grow to the trellis, topping the main vines, reserving 2-4 lateral vines for each main vine to grow according to the distribution of 40-45 degrees, and topping when the lateral vines grow to 40-60 cm.
S5, fertilizer and water management: after the bitter gourd seedlings are transplanted and fixedly planted for 7 days, 15-15-15 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied for 1 time, 15kg per mu; applying organic fertilizer and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer for 1 time before fruiting, wherein 120kg of organic fertilizer and 10kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer are applied to each mu; after exuberance, 15kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied for 1 time each month.
Example 2
A bitter gourd planting and cultivating method comprises the following steps:
s1, seed soaking and germination accelerating: selecting plump bitter gourd seeds, sterilizing, soaking the seeds in warm water for 2.5 hours at 25 ℃, soaking the seeds in cold water for 8min at 10 ℃, and accelerating germination for 18 hours at the constant temperature of 34 ℃.
S2, seedling culture: growing seedlings in a seedling growing plate after the seeds are exposed to the white, paving a seedling growing matrix in the seedling growing plate, wherein the humidity of the seedling growing matrix is 55-70%, and the seedling growing temperature is controlled at 18-26 ℃; transplanting the balsam pear seedlings when 2-4 true leaves grow out.
The seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 32 parts of pond soil, 8 parts of vermiculite, 7 parts of perlite, 6 parts of grass carbon and 2 parts of urea;
s3, site selection and soil preparation: selecting fertile and loose loam land, ploughing and leveling, preparing the land according to the width of the land of 1.2-1.6m, the width of the ditch of 30-35cm and the depth of the ditch of 20-30cm, and applying 600 kg/mu of organic fertilizer.
The organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 88 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 43 parts of corn straw, 44 parts of rice hull, 18 parts of cake, 18 parts of edible fungus leftovers, 14 parts of biogas residue and 7 parts of EM (effective microorganisms).
S4, erecting and leading vines: transplanting the balsam pear seedlings to the prepared land, when the height of the seedlings is more than 20cm, leading tendrils by using a frame rod, erecting a climbing frame, wherein the height of the climbing frame is 1.8-2m, and cutting off lateral tendrils which are less than 80cm away from the ground; and (3) after the main vines grow to the trellis, topping the main vines, reserving 2-4 lateral vines for each main vine to grow according to the distribution of 40-45 degrees, and topping when the lateral vines grow to 40-60 cm.
S5, fertilizer and water management: after the bitter gourd seedlings are transplanted and fixedly planted for 7 days, 15-15-15 nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied for 1 time, and 25kg of the compound fertilizer is applied per mu; applying the organic fertilizer and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer for 1 time before fruiting, wherein 80kg of the organic fertilizer and 15kg of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer are applied to each mu; after exuberance, 10kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied for 1 time each month.
Claims (4)
1. The bitter gourd planting and cultivating method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, seed soaking and germination accelerating: selecting plump bitter gourd seeds, sterilizing, soaking the seeds in warm water for 1-2.5 hours at 25-45 deg.C, soaking the seeds in cold water for 8-15min at 7-10 deg.C, and performing germination acceleration at 28-34 deg.C for 18-32 hours;
s2, seedling culture: growing seedlings in a seedling growing plate after the seeds are exposed to the white, well paving a seedling growing matrix in the seedling growing plate, wherein the humidity of the seedling growing matrix is 55-70%; transplanting the balsam pear seedlings when 2-4 true leaves grow out;
the seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12-32 parts of pond soil, 8-16 parts of vermiculite, 3-7 parts of perlite, 6-9 parts of grass carbon and 1-2 parts of urea;
s3, site selection and soil preparation: selecting fertile and loose loam soil, ploughing and leveling, preparing the land according to the width of the land of 1.2-1.6m, the width of the ditch of 30-35cm and the depth of the ditch of 20-30cm, and applying 600 organic fertilizers and 1200 kg/mu;
the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 68-88 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 43-45 parts of corn straw, 22-44 parts of rice hull, 18-24 parts of cake, 14-18 parts of edible fungus leftovers, 14-16 parts of biogas residues and 6-7 parts of EM (effective microorganisms);
s4, erecting and leading vines: transplanting the balsam pear seedlings to the prepared land, when the height of the seedlings is more than 20cm, leading tendrils by using a frame rod, erecting a climbing frame, wherein the height of the climbing frame is 1.8-2m, and cutting off lateral tendrils which are less than 80cm away from the ground; after the main vines grow to the shed frame, topping the main vines, reserving 2-4 lateral vines for each main vine to grow according to the distribution of 40-45 degrees, and topping when the lateral vines grow to 40-60 cm;
s5, fertilizer and water management: after the bitter gourd seedlings are transplanted and fixedly planted for 7 days, 15-15-15 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied for 1 time, 15-25kg per mu; applying organic fertilizer and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer for 1 time before fruiting, wherein 80-120kg of organic fertilizer and 10-15kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer are applied per mu; after exuberance, 10-15kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied for 1 time per month.
2. The bitter gourd planting and cultivating method according to claim 1, wherein the seeds are soaked for 1 hour at the warm water temperature of S1 of 45 ℃.
3. The bitter gourd planting and cultivating method according to claim 1, wherein the cold water temperature of S1 is 8 ℃, and the seeds are soaked for 10 min.
4. The bitter gourd planting and cultivating method according to claim 1, wherein S2 seedling raising is completed in a greenhouse, and the seedling raising temperature is controlled to be 18-26 ℃.
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| CN202110035796.4A CN112673906A (en) | 2021-01-12 | 2021-01-12 | Bitter gourd planting and cultivating method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115104401A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-27 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Mutagenesis method of bitter gourd mutant |
| CN115399201A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2022-11-29 | 叶剑涛 | Pollution-prevention planting method for bitter gourd plants for medicinal liquor |
-
2021
- 2021-01-12 CN CN202110035796.4A patent/CN112673906A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115399201A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2022-11-29 | 叶剑涛 | Pollution-prevention planting method for bitter gourd plants for medicinal liquor |
| CN115104401A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-27 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Mutagenesis method of bitter gourd mutant |
| CN115104401B (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2024-01-30 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Mutation method of balsam pear mutant |
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Application publication date: 20210420 |