CN112647326A - 一种面料 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
- D06P3/82—Textiles which contain different kinds of fibres
- D06P3/8204—Textiles which contain different kinds of fibres fibres of different chemical nature
- D06P3/8223—Textiles which contain different kinds of fibres fibres of different chemical nature mixtures of fibres containing hydroxyl and ester groups
- D06P3/8228—Textiles which contain different kinds of fibres fibres of different chemical nature mixtures of fibres containing hydroxyl and ester groups using one kind of dye
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/0032—Determining dye recipes and dyeing parameters; Colour matching or monitoring
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/16—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dispersed, e.g. acetate, dyestuffs
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/41—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using basic dyes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
- D06P1/64—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing low-molecular-weight organic compounds without sulfate or sulfonate groups
- D06P1/651—Compounds without nitrogen
- D06P1/65106—Oxygen-containing compounds
- D06P1/65125—Compounds containing ester groups
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种面料。该面料由二醋酯纤维和聚酯纤维所形成,其中二醋酯纤维上至少含有阳离子染料,二醋酯纤维和聚酯纤维的同色性好。本发明的面料具有优良的同色性和色牢度,可广泛用于制作裤子、裙子、西服等高端时尚服装领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纺织品领域,涉及一种面料,具体涉及一种同色性优越的面料。
背景技术
二醋酯纤维是一种纤维素分子中74%~92%的羟基被乙酰基所取代的纤维素衍生物。由二醋酯纤维制得的面料手感光滑柔软,光泽柔和优雅,悬垂性好,不起皱,吸湿性良好,酷似真丝,是高档纺织服装、时装、礼服等的优良纤维原料,深受广大消费者的喜爱。
二醋酯纤维由于纤维内部亲水性基团(羟基)较少,对染液的亲和性较差,在染色性方面人们进行了很多研究。如中国专利文献CN 104988772A中公开了二醋酯纤维深颜色的染色方法,用阳离子染料和分散染料对二醋酯纤维进行同浴染色,克服了分散染料染色不深或者阳离子染料只能染浅色的缺点;而且通过分散染料扩散促进剂的使用,解决了染料沉淀和染色色花的问题,但是作为分散染料扩散促进剂的DFM中含有苯甲酸苄酯成分,在促进染料上染的同时,也会出现上染涤纶纤维的染料移至纤维表面的现象,影响面料的耐光以及升华色牢度,还会污染环境,甚至会对人体伤害。
对于二醋酯纤维与聚酯纤维的混纺或交织的面料,其染色难度更大。这主要是因为二醋酯纤维的染色温度一般为80~90℃,最高不能超过100℃,温度过高的话会造成面料收缩,强力受损,从而影响手感和服用性。而聚酯纤维需要采用高温高压染色,一般为110~140℃,染色时,两种纤维会发生竞染现象或者上染二醋酯纤维的染料吐出后再上染聚酯纤维的现象。另外,由于二醋酯纤维具有真丝般的光泽性,镜面反射强,颜色看起来比聚酯纤维浅,常有染色不均、同色性差的问题。为了解决这样的问题,如专利文献CN105421097B中公开了一种醋酯纤维/聚酯纤维混纺织物的染整加工方法,在染色前用改性二羟基乙烯脲树脂对织物进行前处理,解决了高温(130℃)染色条件下醋酯/聚酯纤维混纺织物强力损伤严重的问题。但是二醋酯纤维的结构比较疏松,染色前进行树脂处理,部分树脂会进入到纤维内部,使得染料的进入量降低,得色率降低,和聚酯纤维的同色性差。
又如,日本专利文献特开2003-268256中公开了一种用于醋酯/聚酯混纺纤维染色的染料及其染色方法,用含有单偶氮基的一定结构式的分散染料对醋酯/聚酯混纺纤维进行染色,解决了两种纤维同色性、同浓度性和再现染色性差的问题。但是染色温度高达110℃或120℃,二醋酯纤维的酯键容易发生裂解,强力严重受损,同时会影响其光泽性。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种不会对环境造成污染,由二醋酯纤维和聚酯纤维所形成,色牢度佳、同色性优越的面料。
本发明的技术解决方案是:
本发明的面料,由二醋酯纤维和聚酯纤维所形成,其中,二醋酯纤维上至少含有阳离子染料,而且面料中这两种纤维的同色性好。
本发明中,二醋酯纤维上含有阳离子染料,提高了二醋酯纤维的发色性,降低了二醋酯纤维和聚酯纤维之间的色差,保证了二醋酯/聚酯纤维面料具有较好的同色性和色牢度。
具体实施方式
本发明的面料,由二醋酯纤维和聚酯纤维所形成,其中,二醋酯纤维上至少含有阳离子染料,而且二醋酯纤维和聚酯纤维的同色性好。
阳离子染料,又称碱性染料和盐基染料。在水溶液中电离生成正电荷基团(-N+-),与带有负电荷或阴离子的基团发生离子交换,通过离子键作用从而对纤维上染。
对于由二醋酯纤维和聚酯纤维形成的面料,当采用分散染料进行染色时,由于分散染料对二醋酯纤维和聚酯纤维的亲和力不同,两种纤维间会发生竞染;而且二醋酯纤维的分子结构较疏松,大部分为非晶区,当非晶区的染料达到饱和后,即使增加染料浓度,二醋酯的染色性也无法再提高;另外,二醋酯纤维表面的镜面反射强,看起来颜色要比聚酯纤维浅。在水溶液中,二醋酯纤维上的-OH会被解离成带有负电荷的-O-离子,为此,本发明考虑用带正电荷的阳离子染料以提高二醋酯纤维的着色效果。
本发明中,如果分散染料和阳离子染料同浴染色的话,有可能会发生积聚沉淀,在面料上产生染色斑。而如果先用阳离子染料再用分散染料的话,上染二醋酯纤维的阳离子染料与分散染料中的阴离子性分散剂离子键结合而会迁移出二醋酯纤维,使二醋酯纤维的发色性变浅,影响同色性。因此,本发明优选先用分散染料再用阳离子染料,这样的话,分散染料先进入纤维内部后,通过阴阳离子的结合力,使得阳离子染料进一步向二醋酯纤维内部扩散,提高其上染率,同时上染聚酯纤维内部的分散染料会吐出一部分,从而减少两种纤维的色差,提高同色性。
本发明的分散染料的种类没有特别限定,可以是市售品,也可以是自行合成得到的。如低温型(E型)、中温型(SE型)、高温型(S型),可根据需要进行选择。
本发明中的同色性好是指从视觉上来看,面料上没有“杢(moku)”效果,即没有深浅色(混合色)效果。所谓的“杢”效果是指由于纤维间的微细结构差异而导致纤维对染料的吸尽有差异,产生浓淡色的染色差,使面料表面呈现如粗细条纹、斑点感、雪花感等规则或不规则的同一色系自然深浅(浓淡)效果,类似于麻灰色的色纺纱视觉效果。
阳离子染料所带正电荷基团,除了能与二醋酯纤维上的负电荷相吸引,也能与带有阴离子性的酸性基团(-COOH或-SO3H)发生反应。如果本发明所用聚酯纤维为带有酸性基团的阳离子可染聚酯纤维的话,在阳离子染料上色过程中,阳离子可染聚酯纤维与二醋酯纤维之间可能会发生竞染现象,影响到匀染性和同色性,因此,本发明中优选阳离子染料只吸附在二醋酯纤维上。这里的吸附在二醋酯纤维上是指染料存在于二醋酯纤维表面以及内部。
本发明所使用的阳离子染料结构没有特别的限定,考虑到同色性问题,优选与分散染料发色性差异小的阳离子染料。
本发明中聚酯纤维的种类没有特别限定,优选成纤聚合物为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)中的一种或两种。考虑到二醋酯纤维的最高染色温度在100℃,而聚酯纤维是一种分子结构紧密的疏水性纤维,当染色温度在其玻璃化温度以上时,纤维大分子链段发生剧烈运动,聚合物分子间空隙增大,自由容积增加,染料会向纤维内部扩散,因此,进一步优选玻璃化温度在100℃以下的聚酯纤维。更优选玻璃化温度在50℃以下的聚酯纤维,如PBT、PTT、PBT/PET、PBT/PTT、低温常压可染PET(共聚醚酯型改性PET,简称EDDP)等。本发明中聚酯纤维的形状也没有特别限定,可以是普通圆形、中空、芯鞘、海岛、十字形等。
考虑到不同的分散染料对纤维的亲和力不同,对纤维的上色性也不同。为了减少二醋酯纤维与聚酯纤维的色差,也可以调整两种纤维间的混率。
作为优选,本发明的面料中苯甲酸苄酯的含量低于1mg/g。当苯甲酸苄酯的含量超过1mg/g的话,面料的色光、耐光、升华色牢度均有变差的趋势。
本发明面料的制造方法不作特别限定,染色加工可采用连续染色、浴中染色等。其中浴中加工,可以是1浴1步法,也可以是2浴2步法。考虑到阳离子染料和阴离子性分散染料同浴染色时,有可能出现积聚沉淀,从而产生染色斑,优选采用2浴2步法。
下面结合实施例和比较例对本发明作进一步说明,但不限于此。
本发明中涉及的各指标的测试方法如下:
(1)纤维上阳离子染料的确认
从面料上剪取2g样布,剪成0.5cm大小,放入100mL锥形瓶中,加入30ml的丙酮溶液,搅拌0.5小时,直至二醋酯纤维全部溶解,过滤。移取所得过滤液15ml于另一锥形瓶中,加水至50ml,放入1g腈纶纤维面料,在50℃条件下处理1小时,完毕后,用60℃热水和冷水冲洗。如果腈纶纤维上色则表明二醋酯纤维上含有阳离子染料。
(2)聚酯纤维种类的确定
①差示扫描量热法鉴别
取20mg的面料,再N2保护下,以10℃/min的升温速度从25℃升温至270℃,在270℃恒温保持2min后,用液氮淬冷至25℃,再进行第2遍升温测试,得到DSC曲线谱图。根据DSC曲线图,得出聚酯纤维的玻璃化温度和结晶温度,初步确定聚酯成分;
②核磁共振法定量鉴别
当根据玻璃化温度无法判断具体类型时,取15mg干燥后的样品用1mL,氘代三氟乙酸和氘代氯仿(体积比为1:5)的混合溶剂在常温下进行充分溶解,并转移到5mmNMR试管照中;在1小时内,用AVANCE Ⅱ400MHz核磁共振波谱仪在室温下进行H谱测定,扫描谱宽为8000Hz,扫描次数为64次,弛豫时间1秒,采集时间为5秒,得到核磁共振谱图。根据谱图,分析其结构基团,得到聚酯的具体类型。
(3)苯甲酸苄酯的含量
①GC-MS实验条件
色谱柱:SE-54 石英毛细管柱(0.33μm×0.32mm×30m);
色谱操作条件:
柱温:初温80℃,以8℃/分钟的速率升温至260℃,维持15分钟结束。气化室温度300℃,检测室温度300℃;载气流速40ml/分钟;H2流速40ml/分钟;空气流速400ml/分钟;分流比50:1;进样量0.1ul;
②苯甲酸苄酯标准曲线
精密称取苯甲酸苄酯约5mg,置于50mL量瓶中,用甲醇溶解并稀释至刻度,摇匀,作为贮备液。分别精密量取贮备液0.1mL、0.2mL、0.5mL并分别放入25mL量瓶中加甲醇至刻度摇匀。各取1μL进行GC-MS分析,得到GC-MS谱图。每个样分别测定5次取平均值,得出不同浓度下,苯甲酸苄酯的峰面积与浓度间的关系公式;
③面料中苯甲酸苄酯的测定
从面料上剪取1g样布,剪成0.5cm大小,放入50mL锥形瓶中,加入30ml的甲醇溶液,超声波处理1小时,过滤。称取1ml过滤的混合溶液置25mL量瓶中加甲醇至刻度摇匀。各取1μL进行GC-MS分析,得出该浓度下苯甲酸苄酯的峰面积,测定5次,取平均值,根据②所得的关系公式,算出苯甲酸苄酯的含量。
(4)洗涤色牢度
根据JIS L 0844:2011标准。
(5)摩擦色牢度
根据JIS L 0849:2013 Ⅱ形 标准。
(6)耐光色牢度
根据ISO 105-B02:2014标准。
实施例1
准备由二醋酯纤维和PET/PBT双组份并列型复合纤维形成的机织坯布(二醋酯纤维含量63重量%、克重300g/m2)作为待染基布,先使用由SE型分散染料蓝 3%o.w.f、染色酸1g/L、匀染剂1g/L组成的染液,在浴比1:30、100℃条件下染色60分钟,水洗;再用2g/L的聚酯纤维用皂洗剂在60℃条件下处理20分钟,水洗。接着使用由阳离子染料蓝 3%o.w.f、染色酸1g/L、匀染剂1g/L组成的染液,在浴比1:30、100℃条件下染色30分钟,水洗;再用2g/L的腈纶用皂洗剂在80℃条件下处理20分钟,水洗,80℃~90℃烘干,150℃定型1分钟,得到本发明的面料,其各项参数见表1。
实施例2
所用待染基布为由二醋酯纤维和PBT纤维形成的机织坯布(二醋酯纤维含量30重量%、克重200g/m2),其余同实施例1,得到本发明的面料,其各项参数见表1。
实施例3
所用待染基布为由二醋酯纤维和EDDP纤维形成的针织坯布(二醋酯纤维含量56重量%、克重130g/m2),其余同实施例1,得到本发明的面料,其各项参数见表1。
实施例4
所用待染基布为由二醋酯纤维和阳离子可染涤纶形成的机织坯布(二醋酯纤维含量30重量%、克重130g/m2),其余同实施例1,得到本发明的面料,其各项参数见表1。
实施例5
分散染料选用S型分散染料黑5%o.w.f,阳离子染料黑5%o.w.f,其余同实施例1,得到本发明的面料,其各项参数见表1。
实施例6
分散染料染色液中加入1g/L苯甲酸苄酯类扩散促进剂,其余同实施例1,得到本发明的面料,其各项参数见表1。
比较例1
染色时未采用阳离子染料,其余同实施例1,得到面料,其各项参数见表1。
表1
根据表1,
(1)由实施例2和实施例4可知,同等条件下,对由二醋酯纤维和PBT纤维形成的基布染色所得面料与对由二醋酯纤维和CDP纤维形成的基布染色所得面料相比,两者的洗涤变褪色牢度、干湿摩擦色牢度、耐光色牢度均相当,但前者的同色性和洗涤沾污色牢度比后者略好。
(2)由实施例1和实施例5可知,同等条件下,蓝色染料染色所得面料与和黑色染料染色所得面料相比,两者的洗涤色牢度、耐光色牢度以及同色性均相当,前者的干摩擦色牢度比后者略好,但湿摩擦色牢度比后者略差一点。
(3)由实施例1和实施例6可知,同等条件下,染色时没有使用苯甲酸苄酯类扩散促进剂所得面料与和染色时使用了苯甲酸苄酯类扩散促进剂所得面料相比,两者的洗涤变退色牢度、摩擦色牢度以及同色性均相当,前者的洗涤沾污色牢度以及耐光色牢度比后者略好。
(4)由比较例1和实施例1可知,同等条件下,仅使用分散染料染色所得的面料与同时使用分散染料和阳离子染料染色的面料相比,虽然洗涤色牢度以及摩擦色牢度均相当,但前者的同色性很差。
Claims (4)
1.一种面料,由二醋酯纤维和聚酯纤维所形成,其特征是:所述二醋酯纤维上至少含有阳离子染料,且所述二醋酯纤维和所述聚酯纤维的同色性好。
2.根据权利要求1所述面料,其特征是:所述阳离子染料只在二醋酯纤维上。
3.根据权利要求1所述面料,其特征是:所述聚酯纤维的成纤聚合物为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯中的一种或两种。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述面料,其特征是:所述面料上苯甲酸苄酯的含量低于1mg/g。
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GB1240215A (en) * | 1968-10-17 | 1971-07-21 | Hodogaya Chemical Co Ltd | Process for dyeing acetate fibres |
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CN104032445A (zh) * | 2013-03-08 | 2014-09-10 | 佛山市格绫丝绸有限公司 | 由醋酯纤维丝和聚酯纤维丝制作的服装面料及其制作方法 |
CN110106722A (zh) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-08-09 | 淄博大洋阻燃制品有限公司 | 一种醋酸纤维腈纶混纺织物的一浴一步染色方法 |
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GB1240215A (en) * | 1968-10-17 | 1971-07-21 | Hodogaya Chemical Co Ltd | Process for dyeing acetate fibres |
KR980009574A (ko) * | 1996-07-15 | 1998-04-30 | 김상응 | 균염성이 우수한 폴리에스테르/아세테이트 복합직물의 제조방법 |
CN104032445A (zh) * | 2013-03-08 | 2014-09-10 | 佛山市格绫丝绸有限公司 | 由醋酯纤维丝和聚酯纤维丝制作的服装面料及其制作方法 |
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