CN112647285B - 一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN112647285B
CN112647285B CN202011539111.1A CN202011539111A CN112647285B CN 112647285 B CN112647285 B CN 112647285B CN 202011539111 A CN202011539111 A CN 202011539111A CN 112647285 B CN112647285 B CN 112647285B
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韩建红
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Hangzhou Hongda Decorative Fabric Weaving Co ltd
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Abstract

本申请涉及纺织技术领域，具体公开了一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺，其包括以下步骤：S1:将涤纶纤维浸渍于第一整理剂中，浸渍后进行烘干，烘干后得到前处理后的涤纶纤维；S2:将前处理后的涤纶纤维进行编织，得到编织后的坯布；S3:将编织后的坯布进行漂白、碱解处理后置于第二整理剂中进行浸扎，浸扎完毕后进行烘干；S4:将烘干后的坯布进行染色、后整理，后整理完毕后进行得到防静电高强度涤纶面料；第一整理剂包括以下重量份的原料：防静电剂5‑8份、增强剂1‑2份、分散剂0.5‑0.8份、去离子水40‑50份；增强剂为植物纤维素；防静电剂包括纳米石墨烯、氧化锌中的至少一种；本申请中的防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺具有提高涤纶面料防静电和强度的优点。

Description

一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺
技术领域
本申请涉及纺织技术领域，尤其涉及一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺。
背景技术
涤纶作为合成纤维中的三大主力纤维之一，因其优良的物理和化学特性被广泛应用于服装面料以及其它非服装领域；涤纶面料是日常生活中用的非常多的一种化纤服装面料，其最大的优点是抗皱性和保形性很好。
而涤纶面料由于吸湿性较低、比电阻较高，在穿着使用过程中会因摩擦引起静电现象，较轻的静电现象会使衣服吸附尘土，或和人体发生静电反应，降低了穿着的舒适性；在较干燥的环境中，静电现象可能会产生火花，引发火灾，造成安全事故。随着科学技术的发展，人们逐渐采用有机抗静电剂通过简单易行的制备技术从而对涤纶面料进行抗静电整理，目前主要采用的有机抗静电剂为有机硅抗静电剂等。
通过上述中的相关技术，有机抗静电剂虽然抗静电效果较好，但对环境的湿度依赖性较大，当空气湿度较大时，吸湿后抗静电剂产生离子结构，使表面导电性能增加，从而给提高抗静电效果，而湿度较小时的抗静电性能相对较差；同时得到的涤纶面料断裂强力等强度也没有一定的提高。
申请内容
为了提高涤纶面料的防静电性能和强度，本申请提供了一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺。
第一方面，本申请提供一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺，采用如下的技术方案：
一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
S1:将涤纶纤维浸渍于第一整理剂中，浸渍后进行烘干，烘干后得到前处理后的涤纶纤维；
S2:将前处理后的涤纶纤维进行编织，得到编织后的坯布；
S3:将编织后的坯布进行漂白、碱解处理后置于第二整理剂中进行浸扎，浸扎完毕后进行烘干；
S4:将烘干后的坯布进行染色、后整理，后整理完毕后进行得到防静电高强度涤纶面料；
所述第一整理剂包括以下重量份的原料：
防静电剂5-8份；
增强剂1-2份；
分散剂0.5-0.8份；
去离子水40-50份；
所述增强剂为植物纤维素。
所述防静电剂包括纳米石墨烯、氧化锌中的至少一种。
通过采用上述技术方案,首先将涤纶纤维浸渍于第一整理剂中进行软化，第一整理剂中采用防静电剂和增强剂对涤纶纤维进行改善，不受空气湿度影响，提高涤纶纤维的防静电性能和断裂强力；防静电剂采用纳米石墨烯与氧化锌中的一种或者两种，纳米石墨烯与氧化锌具有较好的导电性能和机械性能。纳米石墨烯与氧化锌通过分散剂均匀分散在涤纶纤维表面，从而有效地增大涤纶纤维的导电性，进而提高涤纶纤维的防静电性能和强度，增强剂采用植物纤维素，植物纤维素具有较高的伸长、断裂强力，同时在小负荷作用下容易变形，从而改善涤纶纤维的柔软度，使得涤纶纤维具有较好的手感和回弹性，从而提高涤纶纤维的断裂强力；在经过第一整理剂进行浸渍并烘干后，将涤纶纤维编织成坯布，同时进行漂白和碱处理，防止由于天然的植物纤维素所自带的天然色素影响涤纶纤维的颜色，同时防止天然色素影响后期的染色步骤；后经过第二整理剂进一步对坯布的强度和柔软度进行二次加强，进一步提高坯布的断裂强力，同时提高第一整理剂和第二整理剂在坯布上的附着力；后经过染色、后整理步骤，得到最终的防静电高强度涤纶面料。综上所述，通过第一整理剂中防静电剂和增强剂提高涤纶纤维的防静电性能和断裂强力，防静电剂的放静电性能也不受空湿度的影响；涤纶纤维编织成坯布后经过漂白、碱处理、第二整理剂进行浸扎、烘干以及后期的染色、后整理后得到最终的防静电高强度的涤纶面料。
优选的，所述增强剂由玉米纤维素和木质纤维素组成。
通过采取上述技术方案，玉米纤维素作为植物纤维素，强度较高且容易变形，具有较好的手感，弹性也较好，通过与稳定性、柔韧性较好的木质纤维素共同配合，提高涤纶纤维的断裂强力和第一整理剂的稳定性和均匀度。
优选的，所述分散剂包括十二烷基苯磺酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮中的至少一种。
通过采取上述技术方案，优选配方组成的分散剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与纳米石墨烯、氧化锌配合，提高防静电剂的分散性；同时分散剂作为表面活性剂与粘性较高，且容易团聚的植物纤维素配合，减少植物纤维素分布不均匀的情况，从而使得涤纶纤维表面的防静电剂和增强剂分布均匀。
优选的，所述第一整理剂的原料中还包括重量份数为0.1-0.3份的异构十碳醇聚氧乙烯醚。
通过采用上述技术方案，异构十碳醇聚氧乙烯醚具有一定的渗透效果，通过与分散剂中的十二烷基苯磺酸钠复配，使得第一整理剂渗透进入涤纶纤维中，从而进一步使得防静电剂和增强剂与涤纶纤维深度接触，提高涤纶纤维均匀的防静电性能和断裂强力。
优选的，所述第二整理剂包括以下重量份的原料：
增韧剂4-6份；
硅烷偶联剂0.8-1份；
去离子水70-80份。
通过采用上述技术方案，增韧剂和第一整理剂中增强剂共同作用，对涤纶面料进行二次加强，进一步提高涤纶面料的断裂强力；硅烷偶联剂通过与增韧剂配合，提高增韧剂在坯布上的附着效果，防止后期对涤纶面料进行加工时，增韧剂被冲洗掉而降低了涤纶面料的韧性和断裂强力。
优选的，所述增韧剂由滑石粉和食盐组成。
通过采用上述技术方案，食盐和滑石粉对涤纶面料具有软化作用；滑石粉具有纤维状的离子结构，通过与食盐配合，提高第二整理剂中的均匀分散性，并改善涤纶面料的断裂强力，提高涤纶面料的耐候性和稳定性。
优选的，所述步骤S4中后整理包括以下步骤：
S41:将染色后的坯布进行烘干后，将后整理液喷淋于坯布上，得到喷淋后的坯布；
S42:在25±2℃的温度下，浆喷淋后的坯布静置20-30min后，用去离子水进行冲洗，冲洗完毕后进行烘干。
通过采用上述技术方案，后整理步骤中，将后整理液喷涂于坯布表面，一方面进一步对坯布上残留的细菌等有害物质进行清除，另一方面，与第一整理剂和第二整理剂配合，提高坯布的断裂强力；后通过静置将后整理液充分溶进坯布中，进一步提高抗菌作用，采用去离子水对残留于坯布上的后整理液进行冲洗，防止后整理液残留于坯布表面，制成的涤纶面料对人体皮肤造成刺激性等损伤，进而提高穿着舒适性。
优选的，所述步骤S41中的后整理液包括以下重量份的原料：
抗菌剂5-8份；
季铵盐1-2份；
去离子水80-100份。
通过采用上述技术方案，由于在涤纶面料加工过程中会出现较多的细菌，从而对容易对涤纶棉料进行损坏，通过加入抗菌剂对涤纶面料表面的细菌进行杀除；另外季铵盐具有较好的柔顺和防静电作用，通过与第一整理剂配合，进一步增加涤纶面料的防静电性和柔顺感。
优选的，所述抗菌剂由库拉索芦荟提取物和壳聚糖组成。
通过采用上述技术方案，库拉索芦荟提取物作为百合科芦荟属植物的芦荟，与壳聚糖一同对各种细菌进行生长抑制；另外后整理液中的季铵盐具有一定的抗菌效果，通过抗菌剂与季铵盐的配合，共同对残留在涤纶面料表面的细菌进行抑制从而达到抑菌效果；另外壳聚糖具有一定的粘结力，通过与增韧剂以及纳米石墨烯的配合，提高涤纶面料的断裂强力和防静电性能。
优选的，所述抗菌剂由重量百分比为2-4％的库拉索芦荟提取物和余量的壳聚糖组成。
通过采用上述技术方案，优选配比组成的抗菌剂，具有较好的抗菌效果，进而进一步提高涤纶面料的抗菌性能、断裂强力。
综上所述，本申请具有以下有益效果：
1.由于本申请采用将涤纶纤维浸渍于第一整理剂中，对涤纶纤维的防静电性能以及断裂强力进行改善；第一整理剂中采用纳米石墨烯、氧化锌中的一种或者两种，增强剂采用植物纤维素，两者共同提高涤纶纤维的防静电性能和断裂强力；在经过第一整理剂进行浸渍并烘干后，将涤纶纤维编织成坯布，后经过第二整理剂进一步对坯布的强度和柔软度进行二次加强，并经过染色、后整理步骤，得到最终的防静电高强度涤纶面料。
2.在本申请中，优选采用玉米纤维素和木质纤维素作为增强剂，提高涤纶纤维的断裂强力和弹性，改善涤纶纤维的手感；优选采用十二烷基苯磺酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮并与加入的异构十碳醇聚氧乙烯醚配合，共同提高涤纶纤维的分散性能和均匀稳定性。
3.本申请的第二整理剂优选采用增韧剂滑石粉和食盐，对涤纶面料进行软化的同时提高涤纶面料的断裂强力；另外第二整理剂中的硅烷偶联剂通过与增韧剂配合，提高增韧剂在坯布上的附着效果；后整理步骤优选在坯布上喷淋后整理液进行消毒除菌；后整理液优选采用库拉索芦荟提取物和壳聚糖作为抗菌剂，并和季铵盐共同配合，共同对残留在涤纶面料表面的细菌进行抑制从而达到抑菌效果。
具体实施方式
以下对本申请作进一步详细说明。
各实施例中的组分及生产厂家如表1所示。
表1组分及生产厂家
Figure GDA0003557143100000061
Figure GDA0003557143100000071
实施例1:
一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺，所包括的具体组分以及重量如表2所示，由以下步骤制得：
S1:将防静电剂氧化锌、增强剂木质纤维素、分散剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚以及去离子水进行混合，混合均匀后得到第一整理剂；将增韧剂聚乙烯、硅烷偶联剂kh-550进行混合，混合均匀后得到第二整理剂；
其中分散剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚的重量为0.5kg；增韧剂聚乙烯重量为4kg。
S2:将涤纶纤维浸渍于第一整理剂中，浸渍后进行烘干，烘干后得到前处理后的涤纶纤维；
S3:将前处理后的涤纶纤维进行编织，得到编织后的坯布；
S4:将编织后的坯布加入2.5g/l的次氯酸钠和2.8g/l的双氧水，并在92℃下保温25min；后在10g/L氢氧化钠溶液中，浴比1:40的处理液中90℃下处理30min，清水洗净后置于第二整理剂中进行浸扎，时间30min；浸扎完毕后进行烘干；
S5:将烘干后的坯布通过染色、后整理，后整理步骤即在25℃的温度下，用去离子水对坯布进行冲洗，冲洗完毕后进行烘干得到防静电高强度涤纶面料。
实施例2:一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺，与实施例1的区别在于，第一整理剂具体组分及重量不同，所包括的具体组分及重量如表2所示。
实施例3:一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺，与实施例2的区别在于，增强剂的组分及重量不同，所包括的具体组分及重量如表2所示。
实施例4-5:一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺，与实施例3的区别在于，分散剂的组分及重量不同，所包括的具体组分及重量如表2所示。
实施例6-7:一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺，与实施例5的区别在于，在第一整理剂中加入异构十碳醇聚氧乙烯醚，所包括的具体组分及重量如表2所示。
表2实施例1-7的具体组分及重量
Figure GDA0003557143100000081
实施例8-9:一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺，与实施例7的区别在于，第二整理剂的组分及重量不同，所包括的具体组分及重量如表3所示。
实施例10-11:一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺，与实施例8的区别在于，增韧剂的组分及重量不同，所包括的具体组分及重量如表3所示。
实施例12：一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺，所包括的具体组分及重量如表3所示，与实施例11的区别在于，后整理的具体步骤不同，具体步骤如下：
A1:将季铵盐、去离子水进行混合，混合搅拌均匀后得到后整理液。
A2:将染色后的坯布进行烘干后，将后整理液喷淋于坯布上，得到喷淋后的坯布；
A3:在25℃的温度下，浆喷淋后的坯布静置20min后，用去离子水进行冲洗，冲洗完毕后进行烘干。
实施例13-14:一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺，与实施例12的区别在于，后整理液中加入抗菌剂，所包括的具体组分及重量如表3所示。
实施例15-16:一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺，与实施例14的区别在于，抗菌剂的重量配比不同，所包括的具体组分及重量如表3所示。
表3实施例8-16的具体组分及重量
Figure GDA0003557143100000091
Figure GDA0003557143100000101
对比例
对比例1:一种涤纶面料的制备工艺，与实施例1的区别在于，用等量的水替代增强剂植物纤维素。
对比例2:一种涤纶面料的制备工艺，与实施例1的区别在于，用等量的水替代防静电剂。
对比例3:一种涤纶面料的制备工艺，与实施例1的区别在于，用等量的水替代防静电剂和增强剂植物纤维素。
对比例4:一种涤纶面料的制备工艺，与实施例1的区别在于，编织后的坯布进行漂白、碱处理后不经过第二整理剂中进行浸扎，直接进行烘干。
对比例5:一种涤纶面料的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
1)在28质量份去离子水中投入2kg氨化铍、2.4kg乙氧基化烷基硫酸铵、1.5kg椰油酰胺丙基PG-二甲基氯化铵磷酸酯、0.7kg气相二氧化硅混合，搅拌均匀；
2)再同时缓慢加入1.8kgN-酰基氨基酸盐、2.6kg聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、1.1kg钛酸四丁酯、2.7kg钛酸四丁酯，继续搅拌，至充分混合均匀，制得整理剂；
3)将面料在含有整理剂的浸渍液中浸轧处理，恒温烘干。
检测方法
实验一：防静电性实验
实验样品：采用实施例1-16以及对比例1-5制成的短袖分别洗涤5次，每次洗涤时间10min，洗涤后将短袖在50℃的烘干机中预烘干后并达到调湿平衡，并将由实施例1-16得到的短袖分别命名为实验样品1-16，将由对比例1-5得到的短袖分别命名为对比样品1-5，实验样品1-16以及对比样品1-5均有5个。
实验仪器：体积表面电阻率测试仪:北京北广精仪仪器设备有限公司，型号为BEST-212；直尺:品牌为得力，型号为50cm钢直尺8464。
实验方法：用直尺测量5个实验样品1的袖口厚度h,并计算三次袖口厚度的平均值，在体积表面电阻率测试仪中输入实验样品1的厚度h的平均值，并对实验样品1的体积电阻率进行测试，待体积表面电阻率测试仪显示体积电阻率示数后，对示数进行记录，并取5个实验样品1示数的平均值作为最终实验样品1的体积电阻率。
采用上述同样的方法对试验样品2-16以及对比样品1-5进行体积电阻率的实验。
实验结果：实验样品1-16以及对比样品1-5的防静电性实验结果如表4所示。
实验二：断裂强力实验
实验样品：采用实施例1-16以及对比例1-5的工艺制备涤纶面料，涤纶面料的尺寸为200mm×50mm，并将由实施例1-16得到的涤纶面料分别命名为实验样品1-16，将由对比例1-5得到的涤纶面料分别命名为对比样品1-5，实验样品1-16以及对比样品1-5均有5个。
实验仪器：等速拉伸试验仪(品牌为美斯特试验机有限公司；型号为WAL)。
实验方法：根据国标GB/T 3923.1-1997的《纺织品织物拉伸性能断裂强力和断裂伸长率的测定条样法》中的检测方法对实验样品1-16以及对比样品1-5进行断裂强力实验。
实验结果：实验样品1-16以及对比样品1-5的断裂强力实验结果如表4所示。
表4实验样品1-16以及对比样品1-5的体积电阻率和断裂强力的实验结果
Figure GDA0003557143100000121
由表4的实验数据可知，实验样品1-16的体积电阻率为5.2×107-6.3×108Ω·cm、断裂强力为412.36-448.35N；对比样品1-5的体积电阻率为3.8×109-6.3×1011Ω·cm、断裂强力为178.64-279.48N；由于体积电阻率越小，所表征的导电能力越强，抗静电性能越强；由上述可知，实验样品1-16的防静电性和断裂强力均好于对比样品1-5。
对比实验样品1-2与对比样品1-5可知，第一整理剂中的防静电剂采用纳米石墨烯、氧化锌中的一种或者两种，具有提高涤纶纤维防静电的性能。纳米石墨烯是由单原子层杂化碳原子紧密堆积的，呈二维蜂窝晶格状，具有优异的力学性能和电学性能；氧化锌由于本身存在的缺陷，破坏周期场，从而给形成了附加能级，有利于形成填隙锌原子，而填隙锌原子的激活能很低，在室温下基本电离，从而进行导电，并与纳米石墨烯配合，提高涤纶纤维的防静电性能。增强剂采用植物纤维素，植物纤维素具有较高的断裂强力，且具有较好的柔软度和回弹性，从而改善涤纶纤维的使用感和断裂强力；通过由涤纶纤维制成的坯布浸渍于第二整理剂中，对坯布进行二次加强，提高涤纶面料的断裂强力和防静电性能。
对比实验样品2-4可知，增强剂采用玉米纤维素和木质纤维素；玉米纤维的强度、伸长较好，同时初始模量较小，在小负荷作用下，容易变形、回弹性较好，从而使得涤纶纤维具有较好的手感和柔软度的同时，提高涤纶面料的断裂强力；木质纤维素作为天然可再生木材经过化学处理、机械加工得到的有机絮状纤维物质，具有优良的柔韧性和分散效果，通过与玉米纤维组合，形成三维网状结构，从而提高涤纶纤维的稳定性和断裂强力。
对比实验样品4-7可知，分散剂和异构十碳醇聚氧乙烯醚两者的配合，提高第一整理剂的分散效果；涤纶纤维之间存在着众多毛细管，分散剂与异构十碳醇聚氧乙烯醚润湿了毛细管壁，异构十碳醇聚氧乙烯醚能够在毛细管内沿毛细管壁上升到一定高度，从而使高出的液柱产生静压强，促使第一整理剂中的防静电剂和增强剂渗透到涤纶纤维内部，从而实现提高涤纶纤维防静电性能和断裂强力。
对比实验样品7-11可知，第二整理剂中增韧剂采用滑石粉和食盐，食盐的主要成分为氯化钠，对涤纶面料具有软化作用，滑石粉具有较好的稳定性、力度均匀分散性；滑石粉和食盐两者共同配合提高涤纶面料柔软度和断裂强力。
对比实验样品11-12可知，后整理步骤中将由抗菌剂、季铵盐等组成的后整理液喷淋于坯布表面，有助于清除残留于坯布上的细菌，并与第一整理剂的纳米石墨烯配合，提高防静电性能和断裂强力，与第二整理剂配合，提高坯布断裂强力；对比实验样品13-16可知，由库拉索芦荟提取物与壳聚糖组成的断裂强度有一定的提高；库拉索芦荟提取物中主要的抑菌成分为芦荟大黄素、芦荟町、芦荟素等，可以清除大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等物质；壳聚糖通过损伤细胞壁、改变细胞的透性、改变蛋白质和核酸分子、抑制酶的作用进行抑菌；另外壳聚糖与防静电剂中纳米石墨烯作用提高涤纶面料的防静电性能。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本申请的解释，其并不是对本申请的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本申请的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。

Claims (7)

1.一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1:将涤纶纤维浸渍于第一整理剂中，浸渍后进行烘干，烘干后得到前处理后的涤纶纤维；
S2:将前处理后的涤纶纤维进行编织，得到编织后的坯布；
S3:将编织后的坯布进行漂白、碱解处理后置于第二整理剂中进行浸扎，浸扎完毕后进行烘干；
S4:将烘干后的坯布进行染色、后整理，后整理完毕后进行得到防静电高强度涤纶面料；
所述第一整理剂包括以下重量份的原料：
防静电剂5-8份；
增强剂1-2份；
分散剂0.5-0.8份；
去离子水40-50份；
所述防静电剂包括纳米石墨烯、氧化锌中的至少一种；
所述增强剂由玉米纤维素和木质纤维素组成；
所述第二整理剂包括以下重量份的原料：
增韧剂4-6份；
硅烷偶联剂0.8-1份；
去离子水70-80份；
所述增韧剂由滑石粉和食盐组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述分散剂包括十二烷基苯磺酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述第一整理剂的原料中还包括重量份数为0.1-0.3份的异构十碳醇聚氧乙烯醚。
4.根据权利要求1中所述的一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤S4中后整理包括以下步骤：
S41:将染色后的坯布进行烘干后，将后整理液喷淋于坯布上，得到喷淋后的坯布；
S42:在25±2℃的温度下，将喷淋后的坯布静置20-30min后，用去离子水进行冲洗，冲洗完毕后进行烘干。
5.根据权利要求4中所述的一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤S41中的后整理液包括以下重量份的原料：
抗菌剂5-8份；
季铵盐1-2份；
去离子水80-100份。
6.根据权利要求5中所述的一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述抗菌剂由库拉索芦荟提取物和壳聚糖组成。
7.根据权利要求6中所述的一种防静电高强度涤纶面料的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述抗菌剂由重量百分比为2-4%的库拉索芦荟提取物和余量的壳聚糖组成。
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