CN112645908B - 一种制备马来酸酐的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备马来酸酐的方法 Download PDF

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CN112645908B
CN112645908B CN201910962494.4A CN201910962494A CN112645908B CN 112645908 B CN112645908 B CN 112645908B CN 201910962494 A CN201910962494 A CN 201910962494A CN 112645908 B CN112645908 B CN 112645908B
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furfural
metal oxide
maleic anhydride
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hydroxymethylfurfural
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CN112645908A (zh
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王峰
任濮宁
苏凯艺
张超锋
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用金属氧化物或负载金属氧化物光催化生物质基呋喃衍生物糠醛和5‑羟甲基糠醛氧化到马来酸酐的方法。该方法用糠醛或5‑羟甲基糠醛作为反应底物,以氧气为氧化剂,用金属氧化物或负载金属氧化物为催化剂,在400~650nm可见光的照射下,实现其选择氧化到马来酸酐。其反应过程如下:将底物溶解于溶剂中,加入催化剂,对光反应器内气体进行氧气置换、密封,在400~650nm可见光照射下进行反应,反应温度不超过40℃,反应时间不低于0.5h,生成马来酸酐。该合成方法对于马来酸酐温和条件下的制备可能有重要的应用。

Description

一种制备马来酸酐的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制备马来酸酐的制备方法,具体涉及到一种用金属氧化物和/或负载金属氧化物光催化糠醛和/或5-羟甲基糠醛氧化制备马来酸酐的方法。
背景技术
马来酸酐及其酸(马来酸,富马酸)是重要的化工中间体,广泛应用于生产不饱和聚酯树脂、γ-丁内酯、琥珀酸、1,4-丁二醇、醇酸树脂等,也应用于农药和医药。目前主要用含钒、磷、钼等的催化剂高温气相氧化苯或丁烷制备马来酸酐(Ullmann’s Encyclopediaof Industrial Chemistry,6th Edition,US5726327,US5646304,US6002019)。
随着石化资源的日益消耗及环境问题的突出,开发更绿色和可持续的反应路径和反应原料受到越来越广泛的关注。而生物质是自然界天然的储量巨大的可再生碳资源,从生物质制备化学品是一条可以减少对石油化学品依赖的可行路径。糠醛和5-羟甲基糠醛是重要的生物质化学品,可以从葡萄糖、果糖和木糖制得,也可以从可再生的农林废弃物比如粮食作物残渣、木材废料等不可食用部分制得(Energy Environ.Sci.2016,9,1144-1189;Green Chem.2018,20,3657-3682)。从糠醛或5-羟甲基糠醛制备马来酸酐已经有报道,可以用钒基催化剂和杂多酸来实现这一过程(Green Chem.2011,13,554-557;ChemSusChem2012,5,1984-1990;ChemSusChem 2012,5,1984-1990;ChemSusChem 2018,11,612-618),这些过程多为均相或气相催化过程,并且存在反应温度过高、需要添加酸或用酸做溶剂等条件苛刻的问题,近年来也有课题组用多相催化剂,用氧气或双氧水为氧源在比较温和的条件下实现了从糠醛或5-羟甲基糠醛到马来酸酐的过程(Green Chem.,2016,18,643–647;Green Chem.,2017,19,914–918;Green Chem.,2017,19,98–101),但是这些反应过程的优选溶剂多为酸。
近年来,光催化在有机合成方面得到了越来越广泛的关注,多种金属氧化物或负载金属氧化物在有机物的光催化氧化方面有比较好的活性(Green Chem.2018,20,4790-4833)。把光催化应用于有机合成能够在温和的条件下高效的进行。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种用金属氧化物或负载金属氧化物光催化生物质基呋喃衍生物糠醛或5-羟甲基糠醛氧化到马来酸酐的方法。该方法用糠醛或5-羟甲基糠醛作为反应底物,以氧气为氧化剂,用金属氧化物或负载金属氧化物为催化剂,在400~650nm可见光的照射下,实现糠醛的选择氧化到马来酸酐。本发明实现了温和条件下将可再生的生物质基化合物糠醛或5-羟甲基糠醛高效转化到马来酸酐,对于光催化有机物氧化和马来酸酐的制备可能有重要作用。
本发明采用的技术方案为:
将底物溶解于溶剂中,加入催化剂,对光反应器内气体进行氧气置换、密封,在400~650nm可见光照射下进行反应,反应温度不超过40℃,反应时间不低于0.5h,生成马来酸酐。
所述负载金属氧化物的负载金属质量分数为0.01wt%~10.0wt%
反应所用的催化剂为金属氧化物或负载金属氧化物,其中:
(1)金属氧化物可以为Nb2O5,TiO2(包括R-TiO2,A-TiO2,P25),Cu2O,CuO,V2O5,WO3,V2O5,ZrO2,α-Fe2O3中的一种或两种以上。
(2)负载金属氧化物可以为:Cu2O/Nb2O5,CuO/Nb2O5,FeO/Nb2O5,Fe2O3/Nb2O5,Co3O4/Nb2O5,Cu2O/R-TiO2,Cu2O/A-TiO2,Cu2O/P25,Cu2O/V2O5,Cu2O/WO3,Cu2O/V2O5,Cu2O/ZrO2,Cu2O/α-Fe2O3中的一种或两种以上。
所述生物质基呋喃衍生物为糠醛或5-羟甲基糠醛,结构式如下:
Figure BDA0002229398020000031
反应底物的浓度为0.1mmol/mL,催化剂的用量为10mg,溶剂体积为1mL。
所述溶剂为乙腈或三氟甲苯。
该反应体系在常压下进行,反应温度为20~40℃。
反应所用的可见光源波长为400~650nm,所述光源为单一波长、混合波长或连续波长,其光源功率可以为2~100W。
所述反应时间大于0.5h。
本发明与传统制备马来酸酐的方法想比较,具有以下优势:
1.原料易得,可再生;
2.反应条件温和,能耗低;
3.催化剂活性高,转化率最高可以达到100%,选择性最高大于90%。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明进行进一步详细说明,下面给出几个具体实施案例,但本发明不限于这些实施例。
实施例1
将0.1mmol糠醛、10mg Cu2O/Nb2O5分散于1mL乙腈中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,455nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为99%,马来酸酐收率为96%。
实施例2
将0.1mmol糠醛、10mg Cu2O/R-TiO2分散于1mL乙腈中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,455nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为96%,马来酸酐收率为85%。
实施例3
将0.1mmol糠醛、10mg Cu2O/P25分散于1mL乙腈中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,455nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为95%,马来酸酐收率为90%。
实施例4
将0.1mmol糠醛、10mg Cu2O/WO3分散于1mL乙腈中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,455nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为89%,马来酸酐收率为80%。
实施例5
将0.1mmol糠醛、10mg Cu2O分散于1mL乙腈中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,455nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为100%,马来酸酐收率为94%。
实施例6
将0.1mmol糠醛、10mg FeO/Nb2O5分散于1mL乙腈中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,455nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为89%,马来酸酐收率为75%。
实施例7
将0.1mmol糠醛、10mg CuO/Nb2O5分散于1mL乙腈中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,455nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为80%,马来酸酐收率为65%。
实施例8
将0.1mmol糠醛、10mg Co3O4/Nb2O5分散于1mL乙腈中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,455nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为60%,马来酸酐收率为45%。
实施例9
将0.1mmol糠醛、10mg Cu2O/α-Fe3O4分散于1mL乙腈中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,455nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为70%,马来酸酐收率为55%。
实施例10
将0.1mmol5-羟甲基糠醛、10mg Cu2O/Nb2O5分散于1mL乙腈中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,455nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为98%,马来酸酐收率为90%。
实施例11
将0.1mmol糠醛、10mg Cu2O/Nb2O5分散于1mL三氟甲苯中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,455nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为98%,马来酸酐收率为90%。
实施例12
将0.1mmol糠醛、10mg Cu2O/P25分散于1mL三氟甲苯中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,455nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为100%,马来酸酐收率为93%。
实施例13
将0.1mmol糠醛、10mg Cu2O/Nb2O5分散于1mL乙腈中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,6W,455nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为98%,马来酸酐收率为92%。
实施例14
将0.1mmol糠醛、10mg Cu2O/Nb2O5分散于1mL乙腈中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,18W,455nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为100%,马来酸酐收率为90%。
实施例15
将0.1mmol糠醛、10mg Cu2O/Nb2O5分散于1mL乙腈中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,365nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为99%,马来酸酐收率为89%。
实施例16
将0.1mmol糠醛、10mg Cu2O/Nb2O5分散于1mL乙腈中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,455nm光照下搅拌反应6h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为85%,马来酸酐收率为79%。
实施例17
将0.1mmol糠醛、10mg Cu2O/Nb2O5分散于1mL乙腈中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,455nm光照下搅拌反应24h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为100%,马来酸酐收率为96%。
实施例18
将0.1mmol糠醛、10mg Cu2O/V2O5分散于1mL乙腈中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,455nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为89%,马来酸酐收率为80%。
实施例19
将0.1mmol糠醛、10mgα-Fe3O4分散于1mL乙腈中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,455nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为75%,马来酸酐收率为60%。
实施例20
将0.1mmol糠醛、10mg Cu2O/P25分散于1mL乙腈中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,365nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为100%,马来酸酐收率为80%。
实施例21
将0.1mmol糠醛、10mg Cu2O/A-TiO2分散于1mL乙腈中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,365nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为100%,马来酸酐收率为85%。
实施例22
将0.1mmol 5-羟甲基糠醛、10mg Cu2O/P25分散于1mL乙腈中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,455nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为90%,马来酸酐收率为79%。
实施例23
将0.1mmol 5-羟甲基糠醛、10mg Cu2O/R-TiO2分散于1mL乙腈中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,455nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为89%,马来酸酐收率为75%。
实施例24
将0.1mmol 5-羟甲基糠醛、10mg Cu2O分散于1mL乙腈中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,455nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为95%,马来酸酐收率为86%。
实施例25
将0.1mmol 5-羟甲基糠醛、10mg CuO分散于1mL乙腈中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,455nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为60%,马来酸酐收率为45%。
实施例26
将0.1mmol 5-羟甲基糠醛、10mg Cu2O分散于1mL三氟甲苯中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,455nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为78%,马来酸酐收率为69%。
实施例27
将0.1mmol 5-羟甲基糠醛、10mg Cu2O分散于1mL乙腈中,加入磁子,用氧气充分置换后密封,室温下,9W,365nm光照下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后用HPLC定量,糠醛的转化率为100%,马来酸酐收率为79%。

Claims (8)

1.一种制备马来酸酐的方法,其特征在于:以金属氧化物或负载金属氧化物为光催化剂,以糠醛或5-羟甲基糠醛为反应底物,由光催化剂和反应底物组成光催化体系,加入溶剂,以氧气为氧化剂,在400~650 nm可见光的照射下,在温度不超过40 °C的条件下,实现糠醛或5-羟甲基糠醛高效转化到马来酸酐;反应用到的溶剂为乙腈或三氟甲苯,反应所用的催化剂为金属氧化物或负载金属氧化物,其中:
(1)金属氧化物为Cu2O,α-Fe2O3中的一种;(2)负载金属氧化物A/B为: CuO/ Nb2O5,FeO/Nb2O5, Cu2O/ R-TiO2,Cu2O/ A-TiO2,Cu2O/ P25,Cu2O/ V2O5,Cu2O/ WO3, Cu2O/α-Fe2O3中的一种;A/B中A为被负载金属氧化物;B为负载金属氧化物,其中负载金属质量分数为0.01wt%~10.0wt%;
负载金属氧化物催化剂用浸渍法制备:把负载金属氧化物分散于被负载金属前驱体溶液,搅拌12-20 h,60-100 °C下蒸干水,150-450 °C下在氩气和/或空气中处理1-4 h。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:
具体步骤为:将糠醛或5-羟甲基糠醛溶于溶剂中,加入金属氧化物和/或负载金属氧化物催化剂,随后将光反应器中气氛置换为氧气,在温度不超过40 °C的条件下,400~650 nm的可见光照射反应,生成氧化产物马来酸酐。
3.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:反应底物的浓度为0.05-0.25 mmol/mL,催化剂的用量为5-10 mg,溶剂体积为1-2 mL。
4.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:糠醛或5-羟甲基糠醛转化马来酸酐体系在常压下进行。
5.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:糠醛或5-羟甲基糠醛转化马来酸酐体系的反应温度为20~40 °C。
6.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:糠醛或5-羟甲基糠醛转化马来酸酐体系的反应温度为35 °C。
7.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:反应所用的可见光源波长为455 nm,所述光源为单一波长、混合波长或连续波长,其光源功率为2~100 W。
8.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:糠醛或5-羟甲基糠醛转化马来酸酐体系的反应时间大于0.5 h。
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