CN112644127A - 全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料及其制备方法和包装袋 - Google Patents

全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料及其制备方法和包装袋 Download PDF

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CN112644127A
CN112644127A CN202110040496.5A CN202110040496A CN112644127A CN 112644127 A CN112644127 A CN 112644127A CN 202110040496 A CN202110040496 A CN 202110040496A CN 112644127 A CN112644127 A CN 112644127A
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acid
multilayer composite
film
biodegradable high
composite material
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杨栋
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Qingdao Fushunxiang Biotechnology Co ltd
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Qingdao Fushunxiang Biotechnology Co ltd
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Priority to US17/159,186 priority patent/US20210147673A1/en
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Abstract

本发明适用于包装袋材料技术领域，提供了一种全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料及其制备方法和包装袋，该全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料包括以下组分：聚乳酸、对苯二甲酸‑己二酸‑丁二醇共聚酯、聚乙烯醇、聚氨酯胶和淀粉卡拉胶。本发明实施例提供全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料，通过以聚乳酸和对苯二甲酸‑己二酸‑丁二醇共聚酯作为可降解层，以聚乙烯醇作为阻隔层，并通过聚氨酯胶和淀粉卡拉胶将可降解层和阻隔层进行复合，可以解决现有降解薄膜透氧率高、阻隔性差、保鲜度差的难题。

Description

全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料及其制备方法和包装袋
技术领域
本发明属于包装袋材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料及其制备方法和包装袋。
背景技术
当前，我们生活的环境中随时可见的塑料废弃物对于环境的污染，它主要包括塑料袋、塑料制品等，这些塑料垃圾在自然环境中500年都无法降解，严重危害人类和动植物。面对日益严重的白色污染问题，人们希望寻找一种能替代现行塑料性能，又不造成白色污染的塑料替代品,可降解塑料应运而生，这种新型功能的塑料，其特点是在达到一定使用寿命废弃后，在特定的环境条件下，引起某些性能损失及外观变化而发生生物降解，对自然环境无害。
虽然现有的生物降解塑料能够制造成垃圾袋、购物袋等，减少白色塑料污染，但仅限于满足日常生活使用，其他复杂的功能性包装袋，比如高温蒸煮、低温冷藏、真空保鲜等包装技术难题无法实现，而且现有的生物降解塑料还存在透氧率较高、阻隔性差等问题。
发明内容
本发明实施例的目的在于提供一种全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料，旨在解决背景技术中提出的问题。
本发明实施例是这样实现的，一种全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料，其包括以下按照重量份计的组分：聚乳酸10~50份、对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯20~100份、聚乙烯醇10~50份、聚氨酯胶10~50份和淀粉卡拉胶10~50份。
作为本发明实施例的一个优选方案，包括以下按照重量份计的组分：聚乳酸20~40份、对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯80~100份、聚乙烯醇20~40份、聚氨酯胶20~40份和淀粉卡拉胶20~40份。
作为本发明实施例的另一个优选方案，所述聚氨酯胶包括异氰酸酯预聚物和聚酯多元醇。
作为本发明实施例的另一个优选方案，所述异氰酸酯预聚物和聚酯多元醇的质量比为100:(70~80)。
作为本发明实施例的另一个优选方案，所述淀粉卡拉胶中的淀粉胶和卡拉胶的质量比为(4~6):(6~4)。
本发明实施例的另一目的在于提供一种上述的全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：
按照上述各组分的重量份，称取聚乳酸、对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯、聚乙烯醇、聚氨酯胶和淀粉卡拉胶；
对聚乳酸进行双向拉伸处理，得到聚乳酸膜；
将聚乙烯醇制成膜，得到聚乙烯醇膜；
将聚氨酯胶和淀粉卡拉胶进行混合，得到水性复合胶；
将水性复合胶涂布于聚乙烯醇膜上，形成阻隔层；
将对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯制成膜，得到对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯膜；
将苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯膜通过阻隔层与聚乳酸膜进行复合后，再进行熟化处理，得到所述全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料。
本发明实施例的另一目的在于提供一种上述制备方法制得的全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料。
作为本发明实施例的另一个优选方案，所述全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料的透氧率不高于35cc/m2/24h/1Pa/24℃。
本发明实施例的另一目的在于提供一种包装袋，包括袋体和拉链，其中，袋体由上述全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料制得。
作为本发明实施例的另一个优选方案，所述拉链包括聚乳酸和对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯，且拉链中的聚乳酸和对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯的质量比为(4~6):(6~4)。
本发明实施例提供的一种全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料，通过以聚乳酸和对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯作为可降解层，以聚乙烯醇作为阻隔层，并通过聚氨酯胶和淀粉卡拉胶将可降解层和阻隔层进行复合，可以解决现有降解薄膜透氧率高、阻隔性差、保鲜度差的难题；其中，可降解层的成分能够进行生物降解，在工业堆肥下与微生物和水接触，经过180天内自然降解，产生二氧化碳和水，不会造成环境污染，解决白色污染，保护环境；因此，本发明实施例提供的全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料可广泛用于日常生活、工业包装、食品包装、医药包装等各个行业，有效地解决了复合包装等难题。另外，本发明通过添加聚氨酯胶可以对淀粉卡拉胶进行改性，进一步提高淀粉卡拉胶的实用性，改性后的淀粉卡拉胶具有干燥迅速、粘合牢固、耐潮防腐防霉、天然环保、增强降解性能等优点。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
该实施例提供了一种全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料及包装袋，其中该包装袋的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、称取聚乳酸（PLA）10g、对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯（PBAT）100g、聚乙烯醇（PVA）10g、聚氨酯胶10g和淀粉卡拉胶10g；其中，聚氨酯胶包括异氰酸酯预聚物（A胶）和聚酯多元醇（B胶），异氰酸酯预聚物和聚酯多元醇的质量比为100:70；淀粉卡拉胶中的淀粉胶和卡拉胶的质量比为4:6。
S2、对上述称取的聚乳酸进行双向拉伸处理，得到聚乳酸膜，备用。
S3、将上述称取的聚乙烯醇制成膜，得到聚乙烯醇膜。
S4、将聚氨酯胶和淀粉卡拉胶进行充分混合均匀，得到水性复合胶。
S5、将上述水性复合胶通过现有的可降解高阻隔包装涂布设备涂布于聚乙烯醇膜上，形成阻隔层。其中，聚氨酯胶和淀粉卡拉胶的涂布密度均可控制在1g/m2。
S6、将对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯制成膜，并通过印刷机印刷图案，得到苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯膜。
S7、利用无溶剂复合机，使得上述苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯膜通过阻隔层与聚乳酸膜进行复合，形成可降解层后，再通过熟化机进行熟化处理72小时，然后经检品机检验复合度，即可得到全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料。
S8、将聚乳酸和对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯按照6:4的质量比进行混合后，再制成拉链；然后，将拉链与上述得到全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料通过制袋机制袋成型，即可得到全生物降解高阻隔多层的包装袋。
实施例2
该实施例提供了一种全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料及包装袋，其中该包装袋的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、称取聚乳酸（PLA）50g、对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯（PBAT）20g、聚乙烯醇（PVA）50g、聚氨酯胶50g和淀粉卡拉胶50g；其中，聚氨酯胶包括异氰酸酯预聚物（A胶）和聚酯多元醇（B胶），异氰酸酯预聚物和聚酯多元醇的质量比为100:80；淀粉卡拉胶中的淀粉胶和卡拉胶的质量比为6:4。
S2、对上述称取的聚乳酸进行双向拉伸处理，得到聚乳酸膜，备用。
S3、将上述称取的聚乙烯醇制成膜，得到聚乙烯醇膜。
S4、将聚氨酯胶和淀粉卡拉胶进行充分混合均匀，得到水性复合胶。
S5、将上述水性复合胶通过现有的可降解高阻隔包装涂布设备涂布于聚乙烯醇膜上，形成阻隔层。其中，聚氨酯胶和淀粉卡拉胶的涂布密度均可控制在5g/m2。
S6、将对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯制成膜，并通过印刷机印刷图案，得到苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯膜。
S7、利用无溶剂复合机，使得上述苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯膜通过阻隔层与聚乳酸膜进行复合，形成可降解层后，再通过熟化机进行熟化处理72小时，然后经检品机检验复合度，即可得到全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料。
S8、将聚乳酸和对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯按照4:6的质量比进行混合后，再制成拉链；然后，将拉链与上述得到全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料通过制袋机制袋成型，即可得到全生物降解高阻隔多层的包装袋。
实施例3
该实施例提供了一种全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料及包装袋，其中该包装袋的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、称取聚乳酸（PLA）15g、对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯（PBAT）40g、聚乙烯醇（PVA）15g、聚氨酯胶15g和淀粉卡拉胶15g；其中，聚氨酯胶包括异氰酸酯预聚物（A胶）和聚酯多元醇（B胶），异氰酸酯预聚物和聚酯多元醇的质量比为100:75；淀粉卡拉胶中的淀粉胶和卡拉胶的质量比为5:5。
S2、对上述称取的聚乳酸进行双向拉伸处理，得到聚乳酸膜，备用。
S3、将上述称取的聚乙烯醇制成膜，得到聚乙烯醇膜。
S4、将聚氨酯胶和淀粉卡拉胶进行充分混合均匀，得到水性复合胶。
S5、将上述水性复合胶通过现有的可降解高阻隔包装涂布设备涂布于聚乙烯醇膜上，形成阻隔层。其中，聚氨酯胶和淀粉卡拉胶的涂布密度均可控制在2g/m2。
S6、将对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯制成膜，并通过印刷机印刷图案，得到苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯膜。
S7、利用无溶剂复合机，使得上述苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯膜通过阻隔层与聚乳酸膜进行复合，形成可降解层后，再通过熟化机进行熟化处理72小时，然后经检品机检验复合度，即可得到全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料。
S8、将聚乳酸和对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯按照5:5的质量比进行混合后，再制成拉链；然后，将拉链与上述得到全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料通过制袋机制袋成型，即可得到全生物降解高阻隔多层的包装袋。
实施例4
该实施例提供了一种全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料及包装袋，其中该包装袋的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、称取聚乳酸（PLA）45g、对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯（PBAT）90g、聚乙烯醇（PVA）45g、聚氨酯胶45g和淀粉卡拉胶45g；其中，聚氨酯胶包括异氰酸酯预聚物（A胶）和聚酯多元醇（B胶），异氰酸酯预聚物和聚酯多元醇的质量比为100:75；淀粉卡拉胶中的淀粉胶和卡拉胶的质量比为5:5。
S2、对上述称取的聚乳酸进行双向拉伸处理，得到聚乳酸膜，备用。
S3、将上述称取的聚乙烯醇制成膜，得到聚乙烯醇膜。
S4、将聚氨酯胶和淀粉卡拉胶进行充分混合均匀，得到水性复合胶。
S5、将上述水性复合胶通过现有的可降解高阻隔包装涂布设备涂布于聚乙烯醇膜上，形成阻隔层。其中，聚氨酯胶和淀粉卡拉胶的涂布密度均可控制在4g/m2。
S6、将对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯制成膜，并通过印刷机印刷图案，得到苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯膜。
S7、利用无溶剂复合机，使得上述苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯膜通过阻隔层与聚乳酸膜进行复合，形成可降解层后，再通过熟化机进行熟化处理72小时，然后经检品机检验复合度，即可得到全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料。
S8、将聚乳酸和对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯按照5:5的质量比进行混合后，再制成拉链；然后，将拉链与上述得到全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料通过制袋机制袋成型，即可得到全生物降解高阻隔多层的包装袋。
实施例5
该实施例提供了一种全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料及包装袋，其中该包装袋的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、称取聚乳酸20g、对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯100g、聚乙烯醇20g、聚氨酯胶20g和淀粉卡拉胶40g；其中，聚氨酯胶包括异氰酸酯预聚物（A胶）和聚酯多元醇（B胶），异氰酸酯预聚物和聚酯多元醇的质量比为100:75；淀粉卡拉胶中的淀粉胶和卡拉胶的质量比为5:5。
S2、对上述称取的聚乳酸进行双向拉伸处理，得到聚乳酸膜，备用。
S3、将上述称取的聚乙烯醇制成膜，得到聚乙烯醇膜。
S4、将聚氨酯胶和淀粉卡拉胶进行充分混合均匀，得到水性复合胶。
S5、将上述水性复合胶通过现有的可降解高阻隔包装涂布设备涂布于聚乙烯醇膜上，形成阻隔层。其中，聚氨酯胶和淀粉卡拉胶的涂布密度均可控制在3g/m2。
S6、将对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯制成膜，并通过印刷机印刷图案，得到苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯膜。
S7、利用无溶剂复合机，使得上述苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯膜通过阻隔层与聚乳酸膜进行复合，形成可降解层后，再通过熟化机进行熟化处理72小时，然后经检品机检验复合度，即可得到全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料。
S8、将聚乳酸和对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯按照5:5的质量比进行混合后，再制成拉链；然后，将拉链与上述得到全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料通过制袋机制袋成型，即可得到全生物降解高阻隔多层的包装袋。
实施例6
该实施例提供了一种全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料及包装袋，其中该包装袋的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、称取聚乳酸40g、对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯80g、聚乙烯醇40g、聚氨酯胶40g和淀粉卡拉胶20g；其中，聚氨酯胶包括异氰酸酯预聚物（A胶）和聚酯多元醇（B胶），异氰酸酯预聚物和聚酯多元醇的质量比为100:75；淀粉卡拉胶中的淀粉胶和卡拉胶的质量比为5:5。
S2、对上述称取的聚乳酸进行双向拉伸处理，得到聚乳酸膜，备用。
S3、将上述称取的聚乙烯醇制成膜，得到聚乙烯醇膜。
S4、将聚氨酯胶和淀粉卡拉胶进行充分混合均匀，得到水性复合胶。
S5、将上述水性复合胶通过现有的可降解高阻隔包装涂布设备涂布于聚乙烯醇膜上，形成阻隔层。其中，聚氨酯胶和淀粉卡拉胶的涂布密度均可控制在3g/m2。
S6、将对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯制成膜，并通过印刷机印刷图案，得到苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯膜。
S7、利用无溶剂复合机，使得上述苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯膜通过阻隔层与聚乳酸膜进行复合，形成可降解层后，再通过熟化机进行熟化处理72小时，然后经检品机检验复合度，即可得到全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料。
S8、将聚乳酸和对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯按照5:5的质量比进行混合后，再制成拉链；然后，将拉链与上述得到全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料通过制袋机制袋成型，即可得到全生物降解高阻隔多层的包装袋。
实施例7
该实施例提供了一种全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料及包装袋，其中该包装袋的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、称取聚乳酸30g、对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯90g、聚乙烯醇30g、聚氨酯胶30g和淀粉卡拉胶30g；其中，聚氨酯胶包括异氰酸酯预聚物（A胶）和聚酯多元醇（B胶），异氰酸酯预聚物和聚酯多元醇的质量比为100:75；淀粉卡拉胶中的淀粉胶和卡拉胶的质量比为5:5。
S2、对上述称取的聚乳酸进行双向拉伸处理，得到聚乳酸膜，备用。
S3、将上述称取的聚乙烯醇制成膜，得到聚乙烯醇膜。
S4、将聚氨酯胶和淀粉卡拉胶进行充分混合均匀，得到水性复合胶。
S5、将上述水性复合胶通过现有的可降解高阻隔包装涂布设备涂布于聚乙烯醇膜上，形成阻隔层。其中，聚氨酯胶和淀粉卡拉胶的涂布密度均可控制在3g/m2。
S6、将对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯制成膜，并通过印刷机印刷图案，得到苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯膜。
S7、利用无溶剂复合机，使得上述苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯膜通过阻隔层与聚乳酸膜进行复合，形成可降解层后，再通过熟化机进行熟化处理72小时，然后经检品机检验复合度，即可得到全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料。
S8、将聚乳酸和对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯按照5:5的质量比进行混合后，再制成拉链；然后，将拉链与上述得到全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料通过制袋机制袋成型，即可得到全生物降解高阻隔多层的包装袋。
将上述实施例7制得的全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料进行透氧率测试，其测试结果如表1所示。
表1
测试项目 透氧率（cc/m<sup>2</sup>/24h/1Pa/24℃）
实施例7 ≤35
从表1可以看出，本发明实施例提供的全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料，通过以聚乳酸和对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯作为可降解层，以聚乙烯醇作为阻隔层，并通过聚氨酯胶和淀粉卡拉胶将可降解层和阻隔层进行复合，具有透氧率低、阻隔性好、保鲜度好的优点。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (10)

1.一种全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料，其特征在于，包括以下按照重量份计的组分：聚乳酸10~50份、对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯20~100份、聚乙烯醇10~50份、聚氨酯胶10~50份和淀粉卡拉胶10~50份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料，其特征在于，包括以下按照重量份计的组分：聚乳酸20~40份、对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯80~100份、聚乙烯醇20~40份、聚氨酯胶20~40份和淀粉卡拉胶20~40份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料，其特征在于，所述聚氨酯胶包括异氰酸酯预聚物和聚酯多元醇。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料，其特征在于，所述异氰酸酯预聚物和聚酯多元醇的质量比为100:(70~80)。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料，其特征在于，所述淀粉卡拉胶中的淀粉胶和卡拉胶的质量比为(4~6):(6~4)。
6.一种如权利要求1~5中任一项所述的全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
按照上述各组分的重量份，称取聚乳酸、对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯、聚乙烯醇、聚氨酯胶和淀粉卡拉胶；
对聚乳酸进行双向拉伸处理，得到聚乳酸膜；
将聚乙烯醇制成膜，得到聚乙烯醇膜；
将聚氨酯胶和淀粉卡拉胶进行混合，得到水性复合胶；
将水性复合胶涂布于聚乙烯醇膜上，形成阻隔层；
将对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯制成膜，得到对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯膜；
将苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯膜通过阻隔层与聚乳酸膜进行复合后，再进行熟化处理，得到所述全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料。
7.一种如权利要求6所述制备方法制得的全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料，其特征在于，所述全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料的透氧率不高于35cc/m2/24h/1Pa/24℃。
9.一种包装袋，包括袋体和拉链，其特征在于，所述袋体由如权利要求1~5、7~8中任一项所述全生物降解高阻隔多层复合材料制得。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种包装袋，其特征在于，所述拉链包括聚乳酸和对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯，且拉链中的聚乳酸和对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇共聚酯的质量比为(4~6):(6~4)。
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