CN112643023B - 一种激光选区熔化成形高强高韧铜铁基偏晶合金的方法 - Google Patents
一种激光选区熔化成形高强高韧铜铁基偏晶合金的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种激光选区熔化成形高强高韧铜铁基偏晶合金的方法,其中,铜铁基合金粉末经球磨机混合均匀后粒径为50μm;铜铁基合金粉末化学成分为:Fe 34.2wt.%,P 3.5wt.%,Ni 2.2wt.%,Cr 1.5wt.%,Y2O3 0.8wt.%,余量为Cu;该方法制备的铜铁基偏晶合金具有纤维状的叠层结构:纤维状富铁区由Fe2P、Fe3P与α‑Fe组成,其内弥散分布有大量平均直径为20nm的孪晶铜颗粒;纤维状富铜区主要由ε‑Cu组成;纤维状富铁区与纤维状富铜区相互层叠堆垛;获得的铜铁基偏晶合金的抗拉强度达1.3GPa,延伸率达25%,弹性模量达140GPa,纳米硬度达3.2GPa。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种激光选区熔化成形高强高韧铜铁基偏晶合金的方法,属于激光增材制造(3D打印)技术领域。
背景技术
偏晶合金是一类具有液-液相变温度区间的合金,当形成弥散、核/壳与纤维状结构时,具有独特的物理与力学性能。尤其是铜铁基偏晶合金,因与其它偏晶合金相比具有价格低廉与性能优异(导热、导电、软磁、磁阻、延展性、抗磨耐蚀),在冶金(结晶器)、交通(受电滑板)、电力电子(触头与开关)、航空航天(发动机壳体)、医疗设备(电磁屏蔽)等行业具有重要的应用价值与广泛的应用前景。然而,采用常规铸造技术在地面上制备该合金,由于密度差易形成相偏析严重甚至两相分层的凝固组织,极大地限制了该类合金在工业领域中的应用。
近年来,激光选区熔化成形技术能直接成形出接近完全致密度、力学性能良好的金属零件,受到研究者与工业界人士的广泛关注。激光选区熔化成形高强高韧铜铁基偏晶合金,由于逐层成形的切片厚度很薄(约为50~100微米),冷却速度高达~108K/s,可以极大地缩短液相分离过程,减小布朗凝并为主的空间迁移距离,诱导二次液相分离并在富铁颗粒内形成大量具有纳米孪晶结构的富铜颗粒,同时孕育剂还可以阻碍第二相富铁液滴的Marangoni与Stokes运动。在变形过程中,第二相富铁颗粒与纳米孪晶都可以阻碍位错运动而增加强度,同时纳米孪晶还可以存储位错、吸收断裂时的能量,纳米富铜颗粒还可以改变裂纹扩展方向,承受较大塑性变形而增加塑/韧性。该方法可以实现多尺度“颗粒-孪晶”协同增强增韧铜铁基偏晶合金结构功能一体化设计与制造,迄今为止,未发现国内外有对激光选区熔化成形(3D打印)均质高性能铜铁基偏晶合金零件的研究报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种激光选区熔化成形高强高韧铜铁基偏晶合金的方法。本发明是这样来实现的,其方法与步骤为:
(1)将铜铁基合金粉末在球磨机内混合均匀,然后放置于激光选区熔化成形机的自动铺粉器的盛粉器内;
(2)将带有支撑结构的铜铁基偏晶合金零件CAD模型分层切片,根据切片轮廓信息生成一系列激光选区熔化成形轨迹;将激光选区熔化工作室抽成真空,将表面经过除锈与喷砂处理的黄铜板加热到400℃;根据生成的成形轨迹,采用激光选区熔化的方法逐层堆积成三维实体的铜铁基偏晶合金。
本发明在进行所述的步骤(1)时,铜铁基合金粉末化学成分为:Fe 34.2wt.%,P3.5wt.%,Ni 2.2wt.%,Cr 1.5wt.%,Y2O3 0.8wt.%,余量为Cu,余量为Cu;球磨机混粉工艺参数为:球磨机转速为120转/分,球磨气氛为氦气,球磨介质为乙醇,氧化锆磨球与铜铁基合金粉质量比为20:1,氧化锆磨球直径为5mm,采用球磨60分钟然后暂停15分钟的方法球磨36小时,球磨后铜铁基合金粉末粒径为50μm。
本发明在进行所述的步骤(2)时,制备支撑结构的工艺参数为:光纤激光器波长为1060nm,激光功率为150W,支撑结构高度为5mm,激光扫描速度为300mm/s,分层切片厚度为80μm,搭接率为50%;制备铜铁基偏晶合金零件的工艺参数为:激光功率为200W,激光扫描速度为1500mm/s,分层切片厚度为80μm,搭接率为50%,采用连续两层间激光扫描方向相互垂直的路径方式成形,直到完成铜铁基偏晶合金零件制造。
本发明在进行所述的步骤(2)时,高强高韧铜铁基偏晶合金的结构特征:物相主要由Fe2P、Fe3P、α-Fe与ε-Cu组成;显微组织形貌为纤维状的叠层结构,其中纤维状富铁区由Fe2P、Fe3P与α-Fe组成,其内还弥散分布有大量平均直径为20nm的孪晶铜颗粒;纤维状富铜区主要由ε-Cu组成;纤维状富铁区与纤维状富铜区相互层叠堆垛;获得的铜铁基偏晶合金的致密度达99.6%,抗拉强度达1.3GPa,延伸率达25%,弹性模量达140GPa,纳米硬度达3.2GPa。
本发明相对于现有技术,具有如下的优点及有益效果:
(1)可以制备形状复杂与结构尺寸大的铜铁基偏晶合金;(2)铜铁基偏晶合金具有纤维状的叠层结构,还弥散分布有既能阻碍位错运动,又能储存位错的纳米孪晶铜颗粒,从而协同增强铜铁基偏晶合金的强度与韧性;(3)铜铁基偏晶合金具有优异的综合力学性能:抗拉强度达1.3GPa,延伸率达25%,弹性模量达140GPa,纳米硬度达3.2GPa。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
实施例1
将经过除锈与喷砂处理的黄铜板作为基材,采用激光选区熔化的方法制备高强高韧铜铁基偏晶合金,显微结构特征为:物相主要由Fe2P、Fe3P、α-Fe与ε-Cu组成;显微组织形貌为纤维状的叠层结构,其中纤维状富铁区由Fe2P、Fe3P与α-Fe组成,其内还弥散分布有大量平均直径为20nm的孪晶铜颗粒;纤维状富铜区主要由ε-Cu组成;纤维状富铁区与纤维状富铜区相互层叠堆垛;获得的铜铁基偏晶合金的致密度达99.6%,抗拉强度达1.3GPa,延伸率达25%,弹性模量达140GPa,纳米硬度达3.2GPa。具体实施过程如下:
(1)将铜铁基合金粉末在球磨机内混合均匀,然后放置于激光选区熔化成形机的自动铺粉器的盛粉器内;铜铁基合金粉末化学成分为:Fe 34.2wt.%,P 3.5wt.%,Ni2.2wt.%,Cr 1.5wt.%,Y2O3 0.8wt.%,余量为Cu;球磨机混粉工艺参数为:球磨机转速为120转/分,球磨气氛为氦气,球磨介质为乙醇,氧化锆磨球与铜铁基合金粉质量比为20:1,氧化锆磨球直径为5mm,采用球磨60分钟然后暂停15分钟的方法球磨36小时,球磨后铜铁基合金粉末粒径为50μm;
(2)将带有支撑结构的铜铁基偏晶合金零件CAD模型分层切片,根据切片轮廓信息生成一系列激光选区熔化成形轨迹;将激光选区熔化工作室抽成真空,将表面经过除锈与喷砂处理的黄铜板加热到400℃;根据生成的成形轨迹,采用激光选区熔化的方法逐层堆积成三维实体的铜铁基偏晶合金;制备支撑结构的工艺参数为:光纤激光器波长为1060nm,激光功率为150W,支撑结构高度为5mm,激光扫描速度为300mm/s,分层切片厚度为80μm,搭接率为50%;制备铜铁基偏晶合金零件的工艺参数为:激光功率为200W,激光扫描速度为1500mm/s,分层切片厚度为80μm,搭接率为50%,采用连续两层间激光扫描方向相互垂直的路径方式成形,直到完成铜铁基偏晶合金零件制造。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种激光选区熔化成形高强高韧铜铁基偏晶合金的方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)将铜铁基合金粉末在球磨机内混合均匀,然后放置于激光选区熔化成形机的自动铺粉器的盛粉器内,铜铁基合金粉末化学成分为:Fe 34.2wt.%,P 3.5wt.%,Ni2.2wt.%,Cr 1.5wt.%,Y2O3 0.8wt.%,余量为Cu;球磨机混粉工艺参数为:球磨机转速为120转/分,球磨气氛为氦气,球磨介质为乙醇,氧化锆磨球与铜铁基合金粉质量比为20:1,氧化锆磨球直径为5mm,采用球磨60分钟然后暂停15分钟的方法球磨36小时,球磨后铜铁基合金粉末粒径为50μm;
(2)将带有支撑结构的铜铁基偏晶合金零件CAD模型分层切片,根据切片轮廓信息生成一系列激光选区熔化成形轨迹;将激光选区熔化工作室抽成真空,将表面经过除锈与喷砂处理的黄铜板加热到400℃;根据生成的成形轨迹,采用激光选区熔化的方法逐层堆积成三维实体的铜铁基偏晶合金;
制备支撑结构的工艺参数为:光纤激光器波长为1060nm,激光功率为150W,支撑结构高度为5mm,激光扫描速度为300mm/s,分层切片厚度为80μm,搭接率为50%;制备铜铁基偏晶合金零件的工艺参数为:激光功率为200W,激光扫描速度为1500mm/s,分层切片厚度为80μm,搭接率为50%,采用连续两层间激光扫描方向相互垂直的路径方式成形,直到完成铜铁基偏晶合金零件制造。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种激光选区熔化成形高强高韧铜铁基偏晶合金的方法,其特征在于进行所述的步骤(2)时,高强高韧铜铁基偏晶合金的结构特征:物相主要由Fe2P、Fe3P、α-Fe与ε-Cu组成;显微组织形貌为纤维状的叠层结构,其中纤维状富铁区由Fe2P、Fe3P与α-Fe组成,其内还弥散分布有大量平均直径为20nm的孪晶铜颗粒;纤维状富铜区主要由ε-Cu组成;纤维状富铁区与纤维状富铜区相互层叠堆垛;获得的铜铁基偏晶合金的致密度达99.6%,抗拉强度达1.3GPa,延伸率达25%,弹性模量达140GPa,纳米硬度达3.2GPa。
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