CN112641826A - 一种紫苏籽提取物及其制备方法、应用 - Google Patents
一种紫苏籽提取物及其制备方法、应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112641826A CN112641826A CN202011612627.4A CN202011612627A CN112641826A CN 112641826 A CN112641826 A CN 112641826A CN 202011612627 A CN202011612627 A CN 202011612627A CN 112641826 A CN112641826 A CN 112641826A
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- Prior art keywords
- perilla seed
- filtrate
- solution
- seed extract
- preparation
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- Granted
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Abstract
本发明涉及保健品技术领域,尤其涉及一种紫苏籽提取物及其制备方法、应用,在紫苏籽粕中加水或醇搅拌,酶解提取,浓缩,即得紫苏籽提取物。所述紫苏籽提取物中总糖含量不低于20wt%,肽含量为60~70wt%,多酚含量在5wt%以上。本发明使用生物酶进行提取,提取温度温和,提取次数仅为一次,且比现有技术的产率高,因而提高了资源利用率,降低了生产成本;本发明的制备工序中没有使用任何有机溶剂或者有毒有害的化学物质、安全、无有毒物质残留、对人体无害、绿色环保。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及保健品技术领域,尤其涉及一种紫苏籽提取物及其制备方法、应用。
背景技术
紫苏,又名赤苏、红苏、香苏,系具有特殊香气的唇形科紫苏属一年生草本植物,在我国黑龙江、四川、安徽、宁夏、辽宁、陕西等省均有栽培。紫苏籽是紫苏成熟的果实,又称苏子,有民间食疗珍品之称,和紫苏均名列我国传统的药食同源目录中。现代医学研究证实,紫苏籽中的有效成分对人体具有提高记忆力和视网膜反射能力、抗衰老、抗过敏、降血压、降血脂、增强免疫等保健功能和药用功效。
紫苏籽富含油脂,出油率30-50%,此外,种子中还有蛋白质、多糖、多酚、甾醇、维生素E、维生素B1、磷脂等。紫苏籽中天门冬氨酸含量最高,对保护心脏、肝脏作用最大;酪氨酸、赖氨酸含量丰富,对促进脑细胞发育、增强记忆力有较好作用。紫苏籽中的多酚类物质主要为迷迭香酸、迷迭香酸甲酯、迷迭香酸乙酯、3’-乙氧基迷迭香酸等。迷迭香酸及其衍生物具有护肝、抗过敏、抗抑郁、抗肿瘤和抗血小板凝集的作用,被认为是紫苏籽中的主要活性成分。紫苏籽中的多糖具有降低肝功转氨酶和保护肝脏恶变的作用。
目前,获得紫苏籽提取物最普通的方法是水提取法和有机溶剂提取法,两种方法可以将紫苏籽中的多糖类和多酚类成分提取出来,但蛋白类成分很难提取彻底,而且两种方法需要高温多次提取,得率也不高,资源利用率低,从而造成成本高。而随着紫苏籽油产量的不断增大,紫苏籽油加工的副产物-紫苏籽饼粕的综合利用也亟待解决。紫苏籽饼粕大多被用作饲料或者被废弃,不仅资源浪费,而且造成环境污染。
发明内容
本发明为了克服上述现有技术中存在的问题,提供了一种富含糖类、肽类、酚类的紫苏籽提取物。
本发明还提供了一种紫苏籽提取物的制备方法,该方法工艺条件温和,产率高,没有使用任何有机溶剂或者有毒有害的化学物质、安全、无有毒物质残留、对人体无害、绿色环保。
本发明还提供了一种紫苏籽提取物在制备预防或治疗自由基过多引起的症状的食品、保健品、药品或者化妆品中的应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种紫苏籽提取物的制备方法,在紫苏籽粕中加水或醇搅拌,酶解提取,浓缩,即得紫苏籽提取物。所述醇优选为乙醇。
作为优选,包括以下步骤:
(1)将紫苏籽粕粉碎,得紫苏籽粉;所述紫苏籽粕来源于经热榨或者冷榨或者经超临界流体萃取法脱脂后的紫苏籽粕;
(2)将紫苏籽粉与水或醇混合,加入生物酶,调节pH至2~10,恒温35~60℃,搅拌至少2h,得提取液;
(3)将提取液煮沸,冷却至室温后,过滤,得第一滤渣和第一滤液;所述过滤可以为膜过滤、离心过滤和普通过滤法(如板框过滤法、筛网过滤法),优选地使用膜过滤法和离心过滤法;优选为膜过滤,可以减少药渣的残留,提高第一滤液的澄清度;
(4)将第一滤液加热浓缩得浓缩液,干燥,得到紫苏籽提取物;干燥方法可以为真空干燥、加热干燥、晾干、风干、冷冻干燥和喷雾干燥法。
本发明经过多次试验,成功研究出生物酶提取法。此方法在提取液中添加了少量的生物酶以提高提取效率,同时可将紫苏籽粕中的蛋白质转化成较好被人体吸收利用的肽类物质,提取温度温和,提取次数仅为一次,这样大大提高了资源利用率,降低了生产成本,绿色环保,适合大规模生产。
作为优选,在步骤(4)之前,将步骤(3)得到的第一滤渣与纯水按质量比1:(10~20)混合,煮沸,冷却至室温,过滤,得第二滤渣和第二滤液;将第二滤液与第一滤液合并,得总滤液待浓缩使用。
作为优选,步骤(1)中,所述紫苏籽粉的目数为40目以上。
作为优选,步骤(2)中,所述紫苏籽粉与水或醇的质量比1:(10~20)。
作为优选,步骤(2)中,以紫苏籽粉总质量为基准,所述生物酶的加入量为0.1~0.5wt%。
作为优选,步骤(2)中,所述生物酶选自中性蛋白酶(酶活力≥30万u/g)、木瓜蛋白酶(酶活力≥40万u/g)、菠萝蛋白酶(酶活力≥30万u/g)、碱性蛋白酶(酶活力≥20万u/g)、酸性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶(酶活力≥50万u/g)、胰酶(酶活力≥3000u/g)、无花果蛋白酶(酶活力≥5万u/g)、罗汉果蛋白酶(酶活力≥5万u/g)中的一种或几种混合。
作为优选,步骤(4)中,浓缩至30~80℃浓缩液的相对密度为1.0~1.2g/mL;更优选为1.0~1.1g/mL或1.1~1.15g/mL或1.15~1.2g/mL。
一种由上述任一所述的制备方法得到的紫苏籽提取物,所述紫苏籽提取物中总糖含量不低于20wt%,肽含量为60~70wt%,多酚含量在5wt%以上。
本发明所述总糖含量的测定方法是苯酚-硫酸法,肽含量的检测方法是参照GB/T22492-2008附录B和GB/T 22729-2008所述的肽含量测定方法,多酚含量的测定方法是福林酚测定法。
一种紫苏籽提取物在制备预防或治疗自由基过多引起的症状的食品、保健品、药品或者化妆品中的应用。
目前现有技术,获得紫苏籽提取物的方法是水提、或者醇提、或者水提后再醇提、或者醇提后再水提、或者使用超临界二氧化碳提取等方法,缺点在于:
1.无论水提、醇提或者醇水混合提取,或者超临界二氧化碳提取,或者其它有机溶剂提取,无法将紫苏籽药材中的蛋白成分提取彻底。
2.单单水提、醇提或者醇水混合提取,要想得率提高,必须高温多次数提取,但得率还是不理想,而且资源利用率很低,无法满足绿色环保的生产要求。
3.使用超临界二氧化碳提取,或者其它有机溶剂提取,成本高,其它有机溶剂的使用也不能满足绿色环保,对人体安全无毒的要求。
因此,本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)本发明使用生物酶进行提取,提取温度温和,提取次数仅为一次,且比现有技术的产率高,因而提高了资源利用率,降低了生产成本;
(2)本发明的制备工序中没有使用任何有机溶剂或者有毒有害的化学物质、安全、无有毒物质残留、对人体无害、绿色环保。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例,对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明。
在本发明中,若非特指,所有设备和原料均可从市场购得或是本行业常用的,下述实施例中的方法,如无特别说明,均为本领域常规方法。
实施例1
(1)将紫苏籽经超临界二氧化碳萃取后得到的紫苏籽粕粉碎,过2号筛,得紫苏籽粉;
(2)称取100kg紫苏籽粉,加入1000L水,加入100g酶活力为30万u/g的食品级中性蛋白酶,调整pH为7.0~8.0,升温至50℃,搅拌2h后,得提取液;
(3)将提取液煮沸5min,冷却后,过孔径为0.5μm的微滤膜,得第一滤渣和第一滤液;
(4)将第一滤液浓缩至50℃时相对密度为1.2g/mL时,喷雾干燥后得到37.6kg紫苏籽提取物(Z-1),总糖含量为21.1wt%,肽含量为63.4wt%,多酚含量为6.5wt%。
实施例2
(1)将紫苏籽经冷压榨脱脂后得到的紫苏籽粕粉碎,过1号筛,得紫苏籽粉;
(2)称取100kg紫苏籽粉,加入2000L水,加入100g酶活力为20万u/g食品级碱性酶,调整pH为8.5~9.5,升温至50℃,搅拌1h后,提取液;
(3)将提取液煮沸2min,冷却后,上清液过孔径为0.1μm的微滤膜,得第一滤渣和第一滤液;
(4)将第一滤液浓缩至80℃时相对密度为1.1g/mL时,冷冻干燥,得到37.4kg紫苏籽提取物(Z-2),总糖含量为22.7wt%,肽含量为61.0wt%,多酚含量为5.5wt%。
实施例3
(1)将紫苏籽经热压榨脱脂后得到的紫苏籽粕粉碎,过1号筛,得紫苏籽粉;
(2)称取100kg紫苏籽粉,加入1500L水,加入25g木瓜蛋白酶(酶活力≥40万u/g)、25g菠萝蛋白酶(酶活力≥30万u/g),调整pH为2~3,升温至35℃,搅拌3h后,提取液;
(3)将提取液煮沸2min,冷却后,上清液过孔径为0.1μm的微滤膜,得第一滤渣和第一滤液;
(4)将第一滤渣与纯水按质量比1:15混合,煮沸,冷却至室温,过滤,得第二滤渣和第二滤液;将第二滤液与第一滤液合并,得总滤液;(5)将总滤液浓缩至30℃时相对密度为1.2g/mL时,冷冻干燥,得到37.0kg紫苏籽提取物(Z-3),总糖含量为23.1wt%,肽含量为70.0wt%,多酚含量为7.1wt%。
对比例(与常规水提方法比较)
将紫苏籽经冷压榨脱脂后得到的紫苏籽粕粉碎,过1号筛。称取100kg,加入2000L水,回流提取2次,每次3h,合并提取液,浓缩至50℃时相对密度为1.2g/mL时,冷冻干燥后得到20.8kg紫苏籽提取物(Z-4),总糖含量为23.6wt%,蛋白含量为11.0wt%,多酚含量为8.2wt%。
可见常规水提法仅能提取少量的蛋白成分,总糖和多酚含量虽然有一定的提高,但提高不多,收率更是低于本发明,充分体现了本发明的工艺优势。
生物活性实施例:
1、DPPH自由基清除实验
1.1DPPH乙醇溶液的配制:精密称取DPPH 4mg,置于100mL棕色容量瓶中,加入50mL乙醇,超声30s,用乙醇定容至刻度,摇匀,待用。本品须现配现用。
1.2供试品溶液的配制:精密称取适量紫苏籽提取物,置于50mL棕色容量瓶中,加入30mL乙醇,超声5min,用乙醇定容至刻度,摇匀,即得。
1.3操作步骤:准确吸取2mL供试品溶液和2mL DPPH溶液混合均匀;准确吸取2mL供试品溶液和2mL乙醇混合均匀;准确吸取2mL DPPH溶液和2mL乙醇混合均匀,室温放置30min,在515nm波长处测定吸光度,并根据以下计算公式计算自由基清除率:
IR%=[1-(Ai-Aj)/A0]*100%;
其中,Ai表示待测溶液和DPPH混合后溶液的吸光度;
Aj表示待测溶液和溶剂混合后溶液的吸光度;
A0表示DPPH和溶剂混合后溶液的吸光度。
2、SRSA超氧阴离子自由基清除实验
2.1 0.1moL/L PBS缓冲液(pH7.4)的配制:称取氯化钠80g,氯化钾2g,磷酸二氢钾2.4g,三水合磷酸氢二钾23.1g,置于1000mL烧杯中,加入600mL蒸馏水,搅怑使其溶解,用盐酸或氢氧化钠调节pH至7.2,转移至1000mL容量瓶中,加蒸馏水稀释至刻度,摇匀,待用。
2.2 150μmoL/L NBT溶液的配制:准确称取NBT 12.5mg置于100mL棕色容量瓶中,加入蒸馏水,超声使其溶解,并用蒸馏水定容至刻度,摇匀,即得。
2.3 60μmoL/L PMS溶液的配制:准确称取PMS 18.8mg,置于1000mL的容量瓶中,加入蒸馏水,超声使其溶解,并用蒸馏水定容至刻度,摇匀,即得。
2.4 468μmoL/L NADH溶液的配制:准确称取NADH 33.9mg,置于100mL的容量瓶中,加入蒸馏水,超声使其溶解,并用蒸馏水定容至刻度,摇匀,即得。
2.5供试品溶液的配制:精密称取适量紫苏籽提取物,置于20mL棕色容量瓶中,加入15mL PBS缓冲液,超声5min,用PBS缓冲液定容至刻度,摇匀,即得。
2.6工作液的配制:取1mL 0.1moL/L PBS缓冲液(pH7.4)于容量瓶中,加入1mL 150μmoL/L NBT溶液,加入2mL 468μmoL/L NADH溶液,加入1mL 60μmoL/L PMS溶液,搅拌均匀,25℃下反应5min,与560nm波长处测定其吸光度值。
2.7操作步骤:准确吸取0.5mL供试品溶液和5mL上述工作溶液混合均匀;准确吸取0.5mL供试品溶液和5mL蒸馏水混合均匀;准确吸取5mL上述工作溶液和0.5mL蒸馏水混合均匀,立即在560nm处测定吸光度,并根据以下公式计算自由基清除率:
IR%=[1-(Ai-Aj)/A0]*100%;
其中,Ai表示待测溶液和SRSA混合后溶液的吸光度;
Aj表示待测溶液和溶剂混合后溶液的吸光度;
A0表示SRSA和溶剂混合后溶液的吸光度。
3、ABTS+自由基清除实验
3.1 PBS缓冲液的配制:称取氯化钠8g,氯化钾0.2g,磷酸二氢钾0.24g,十二水合磷酸氢二钠3.62g,置于1000mL烧杯中,加入800mL蒸馏水,搅怑使其溶解,用盐酸或氢氧化钠调节pH至7.4,转移至1000mL容量瓶中,加蒸馏水稀释至刻度,摇匀,待用。
3.2 ABTS+贮存溶液的配制:精密称取ABTS+78mg左右,置于20mL棕色容量瓶中,加入15mL蒸馏水,超声5min,用蒸馏水定容至刻度,摇匀。精密称取过硫酸钾76mg左右,置于2mL棕色容量瓶中,加入1mL蒸馏水,超声使其溶解,用蒸馏水定容至刻度,摇匀。精确吸取352μL过硫酸钾溶液加入至ABTS溶液中,摇匀,静置过夜。
3.3 ABTS+工作溶液的配制:精确吸取贮存溶液1mL,加入65mL左右PBS缓冲液,摇匀。
3.4供试品溶液的配制:精密称取适量紫苏籽提取物,置于20mL棕色容量瓶中,加入15mL PBS缓冲液,超声5min,用PBS缓冲液定容至刻度,摇匀,即得。
3.5操作步骤:准确吸取0.5mL供试品溶液和5mL ABTS工作溶液混合均匀;准确吸取0.5mL供试品溶液和5mL PBS缓冲液混合均匀;准确吸取5mL ABTS工作溶液和0.5mL PBS缓冲液混合均匀,立即在734nm处测定吸光度,并根据以下公式计算自由基清除率:
IR%=[1-(Ai-Aj)/A0]*100%;
其中,Ai表示待测溶液和ABTS混合后溶液的吸光度;
Aj表示待测溶液和溶剂混合后溶液的吸光度;
A0表示ABTS和溶剂混合后溶液的吸光度。
分别配制不同浓度的制备实施例紫苏籽提取物进行DPPH、SRSA以及ABTS+自由基清除实验,测定其IC50值,结果如表1所示:
表1紫苏籽提取物自由基清除实验结果
由表1可知,使用本专利发明的方法所制备的紫苏籽提取物(Z-1、Z-2、Z-3)具有较强的抗氧化活性,远远高于传统的水提工艺所制备的紫苏籽提取物(Z-4)。可见,本发明所制备的紫苏籽提取物有可能防止人体中细胞老化、改善记忆力、延缓衰老、保护心血管、防止老年痴呆等作用,更深层的生物活性正在研究之中。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,在不超出权利要求所记载的技术方案的前提下还有其它的变体及改型。
Claims (10)
1.一种紫苏籽提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,在紫苏籽粕中加水或醇搅拌,酶解提取,浓缩,即得紫苏籽提取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将紫苏籽粕粉碎,得紫苏籽粉;
(2)将紫苏籽粉与水或醇混合,加入生物酶,调节pH至2~10,恒温35~60℃,搅拌,得提取液;
(3)将提取液煮沸,冷却至室温后,过滤,得第一滤渣和第一滤液;
(4)将第一滤液浓缩得浓缩液,干燥,得到紫苏籽提取物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤(4)之前,将步骤(3)得到的第一滤渣与纯水按质量比1:(10~20)混合,煮沸,冷却至室温,过滤,得第二滤渣和第二滤液;将第二滤液与第一滤液合并,得总滤液待浓缩使用。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述紫苏籽粉的目数为40目以上。
5.根据权利要求2或3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述紫苏籽粉与水或醇的质量比1:(10~20)。
6.根据权利要求2或3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,以紫苏籽粉总质量为基准,所述生物酶的加入量为0.1~0.5wt%。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述生物酶选自中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、胰酶、无花果蛋白酶、罗汉果蛋白酶中的一种或几种混合。
8.根据权利要求2或3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,浓缩至30~80℃浓缩液的相对密度为1.0~1.2 g/mL。
9.一种由权利要求1-8任一所述的制备方法得到的紫苏籽提取物,其特征在于,所述紫苏籽提取物中总糖含量不低于20wt%,肽含量为60~70wt%,多酚含量在5wt%以上。
10.一种如权利要求9所述的紫苏籽提取物在制备预防或治疗自由基过多引起的症状的食品、保健品、药品或者化妆品中的应用。
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