CN112638983A - 固化剂的改善或与之相关的改善 - Google Patents
固化剂的改善或与之相关的改善 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112638983A CN112638983A CN201980057107.0A CN201980057107A CN112638983A CN 112638983 A CN112638983 A CN 112638983A CN 201980057107 A CN201980057107 A CN 201980057107A CN 112638983 A CN112638983 A CN 112638983A
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- UTTHLMXOSUFZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3-dicarbohydrazide Chemical class NNC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)NN)=C1 UTTHLMXOSUFZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 110
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 87
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- -1 C1-C10Alkyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 55
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- IBVAQQYNSHJXBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid dihydrazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)CCCCC(=O)NN IBVAQQYNSHJXBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001731 2-cyanoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C#N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- SGUVLZREKBPKCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]-non-5-ene Chemical compound C1CCN=C2CCCN21 SGUVLZREKBPKCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 claims 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003262 carboxylic acid ester group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011208 reinforced composite material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001029 thermal curing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 38
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- YBBLOADPFWKNGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethylurea Chemical class CN(C)C(N)=O YBBLOADPFWKNGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=CNC=N1 XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ULKLGIFJWFIQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5K8XI641G3 Chemical compound CCC1=NC=C(C)N1 ULKLGIFJWFIQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical group C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000646 scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RUEBPOOTFCZRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (5-methyl-2-phenyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methanol Chemical compound OCC1=C(C)NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 RUEBPOOTFCZRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1C GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBHPRUXJQNWTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 FBHPRUXJQNWTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound CN1C=CN=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSEWAUGPAQPMDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-aminophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(CC(O)=O)C=C1 CSEWAUGPAQPMDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTWBFUCJVWKCCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-heptadecyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=NC=CN1 YTWBFUCJVWKCCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1 LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VWSLLSXLURJCDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NCCN1 VWSLLSXLURJCDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCUJYXPAKHMBAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound C1=CNC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 ZCUJYXPAKHMBAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZXTHWIZHGLNEPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole Chemical compound O1CCN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZXTHWIZHGLNEPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BKCCAYLNRIRKDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole Chemical compound N1CCN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 BKCCAYLNRIRKDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LLEASVZEQBICSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-undecyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC1=NC=CN1 LLEASVZEQBICSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMTQQYYKAHVGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENYL)-1,1-DIMETHYLUREA Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 XMTQQYYKAHVGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- UKXSKSHDVLQNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzilic acid Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)(C(=O)O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UKXSKSHDVLQNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940087675 benzilic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JRPRCOLKIYRSNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C(=O)OCC2OC2)C=1C(=O)OCC1CO1 JRPRCOLKIYRSNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KIKYOFDZBWIHTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl) cyclohex-3-ene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C1CC=CC(C(=O)OCC2OC2)C1C(=O)OCC1CO1 KIKYOFDZBWIHTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000009206 extralife Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004850 liquid epoxy resins (LERs) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000007965 phenolic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006823 (C1-C6) acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NSGXIBWMJZWTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CC(F)(F)F NSGXIBWMJZWTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCNHNBLSNVSJTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HCNHNBLSNVSJTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWEYKIWAZBBXJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylene Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=C(Cl)Cl)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OWEYKIWAZBBXJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUMNHQRORINJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-diethylurea Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(N)=O TUMNHQRORINJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LERDAFCBKALCKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5-pentafluoro-6-(2,3,4-trifluorophenyl)benzene Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=CC=C1C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F LERDAFCBKALCKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URFNSYWAGGETFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane Natural products C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 URFNSYWAGGETFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUPZKGBUJRBPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound O=C1N(CC2OC2)C(=O)N(CC2OC2)C(=O)N1CC1CO1 OUPZKGBUJRBPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWFRVQVNYNPBEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)propan-1-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1C UWFRVQVNYNPBEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZKLXPPYISZJCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzyl-2-phenylimidazole Chemical compound C1=CN=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)N1CC1=CC=CC=C1 XZKLXPPYISZJCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-4-methylpentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C(O)=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEVVTKCAZXCXEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoic acid Chemical compound CCCC(C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FEVVTKCAZXCXEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDPLHDGYGLENEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[1-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propan-2-yloxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COC(C)COCC1CO1 HDPLHDGYGLENEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGKXDOHOOONBIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-[3-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propan-2-yl]phenyl]propan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound C=1C=CC(C(OCC2OC2)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=CC=1C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)OCC1CO1 OGKXDOHOOONBIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWDQITNIYSXSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3,5-bis(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)phenoxy]methyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COC(C=C(OCC1OC1)C=1)=CC=1OCC1CO1 BWDQITNIYSXSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PULOARGYCVHSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-3,4,5-tris(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)phenol Chemical compound C1OC1CC1=C(CC2OC2)C(N)=C(O)C=C1CC1CO1 PULOARGYCVHSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUPKCFBHJFNUEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCC1=NCCN1 QUPKCFBHJFNUEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUODQIKUTGWMPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=N1 UUODQIKUTGWMPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCVGSSQICKMAIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-heptadecyl-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=NCCN1 NCVGSSQICKMAIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- BTYIFQSAIPDZQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propan-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC(C)C1=NCCN1 BTYIFQSAIPDZQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQHUDZKKDCTQET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-undecyl-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC1=NCCN1 FQHUDZKKDCTQET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEORPZCZECFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=C1 VEORPZCZECFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIDDPPKZYZTEGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-ethyl-4-methylimidazol-1-yl)propanenitrile Chemical compound CCC1=NC(C)=CN1CCC#N UIDDPPKZYZTEGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SESYNEDUKZDRJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)propanenitrile Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1CCC#N SESYNEDUKZDRJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVYPJEBKDLFIDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-phenylimidazol-1-yl)propanenitrile Chemical compound N#CCCN1C=CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 BVYPJEBKDLFIDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZUPZARBRLCVCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-undecylimidazol-1-yl)propanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC1=NC=CN1CCC#N SZUPZARBRLCVCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IGALFTFNPPBUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl-[2,3,4,5-tetrakis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)phenyl]methanediamine Chemical compound C=1C(CC2OC2)=C(CC2OC2)C(CC2OC2)=C(CC2OC2)C=1C(N)(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 IGALFTFNPPBUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000297 undecanoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/68—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used
- C08G59/686—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used containing nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/68—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C257/00—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines
- C07C257/10—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines with replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group by nitrogen atoms, e.g. amidines
- C07C257/22—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines with replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group by nitrogen atoms, e.g. amidines having nitrogen atoms of amidino groups further bound to nitrogen atoms, e.g. hydrazidines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D235/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D247/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, according to more than one of groups C07D229/00 - C07D245/00
- C07D247/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, according to more than one of groups C07D229/00 - C07D245/00 having the nitrogen atoms in positions 1 and 3
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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Abstract
一种固化体系,其包含己二酸二酰肼和/或间苯二甲酸二酰肼与包合物的组合,其中所述包合物的客体化合物包括咪唑、咪唑啉或二氮杂双环烷烃(DBCA)。
Description
本发明涉及固化配制品,并且特别涉及可用于固化热固性树脂的固化配制品。
背景技术
复合材料以多种形式产生。浸渍有可固化树脂基质配制品的纤维层在本文中被称为预浸料。这些材料中的树脂基质配制品可以是未固化或部分固化的。模制配混物通常包含呈切碎的各向同性或准各向同性形式的纤维材料与热固性树脂基质配制品的组合。
树脂基质配制品可以选自大范围的可聚合组分和添加剂。常用的可聚合组分包括环氧树脂、聚酯、乙烯基酯、多异氰酸酯、和酚醛树脂。含有这些组分的配制品通常分别被称为环氧树脂配制品、聚酯配制品、乙烯基酯配制品、多异氰酸酯配制品和酚醛树脂配制品。
复合材料的所需特性是,当固化时,它具有所需的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)并且还具有其中采用它的用途所需的机械特性。在某些应用中,重要的是,在潮湿或湿润的条件下保留Tg(“湿Tg”)。热固性材料用于结构部件,因为与热塑性塑料相比,它们具有出色的机械性能和抗蠕变性。对于这些应用,热固性基质应具有足够高以允许在固化温度下脱模的初始固化Tg。较高的固化Tg能力能够使树脂在较高的固化温度下固化;并且使用较高的固化温度具有以下益处:由于反应性随温度而升高,其能够实现更快的固化周期。
使用数字扫描量热法(DSC),根据ASTM E1356测量固化Tg。遵循以下方式测量保留或湿Tg:将纯树脂配制品在150℃下等温固化2分钟并且将固化的配制品在70℃的水中暴露14天,并且然后使用相同的测量标准ASTM E1356测量样品的Tg。
热固性树脂配制品包含催化剂和/或固化剂,并且根据树脂的性质、有待生产的产品和所需的树脂的固化周期来选择它们。支持大批量制造速率(例如汽车部件的制造)的复合材料的固化周期要求非常短的固化周期。固化周期为2.5分钟的树脂配制品是已知的,并且它们可以提供大约166000个零件/模具/年的制造速率(假设30秒的卸载-重载时间和95%的利用率)。然而,将希望缩短这样的固化周期时间。
此外,希望将热固性材料用于结构部件,因为与热塑性塑料相比,它们具有出色的机械性能和抗蠕变性。热固性基质必须具有足够高以允许在固化温度下脱模的初始固化Tg。因此,本发明寻求提供这样的树脂配制品,其在固化时具有快速固化和高Tg。有待在汽车工业中使用的材料还必须抵抗多种多样的环境条件。
可以用两组分(2k)混合树脂体系在较低的温度下实现非常快速的固化,但是混合/计量和应用这些材料所需的设备使其对于在非常大的批量制造中使用是不切实际的。另外,这样的方法要求在另外的先前步骤中构造干燥的预成型件,随后将其与混合树脂体系一起注入或灌注;这种干燥的预成型件的生产可能是耗时的,并且难以准确地定位到模具中,特别是如果其形状复杂的话。此外,这样的体系具有低的储存稳定性,并且如果快速固化的高Tg树脂体系可以作为完全混合的配制品而存在并且具有若干周的潜伏而不需要冷藏,则它将是有益的。这样的树脂体系可以在纤维增强材料的制造时存在于其中以形成预浸渍材料(预浸料),可以将所述预浸渍材料在自动化过程中切割成定向的并且堆叠,从而允许最终用户容易放置到模具中以制造复合材料零件,用于最终固化。
在室温下稳定(潜伏)并且快速固化的热固性基质配制品典型地使用潜伏的胺,并且通过urone加快固化时间。尽管它们对初始固化有效,但是这些固化剂可能导致工作Tg温度低,因为潜伏的胺和urone的组合易感于高水平的水吸收和基质塑化。
基于咪唑的固化剂被广泛用于固化热固性树脂。不幸的是,这些固化剂的反应性非常大,因此树脂和这些固化剂的混合物存在以下问题:它们显示出较早的固化开始并且不能用作单组分环氧树脂组合物,因为所述组合物将在运输或储存中增稠、胶凝和固化,因此所述组合物在使用时制造并且然后递送。
因此,包含纤维增强物和树脂组合物基质两者并且可以呈完全配制和混合而存在并且具有若干周的潜伏或额外寿命(outlife)而无需冷藏的模制材料对于复合零件的制造将是有利的。
环氧树脂配制品被广泛用于复合材料。根据有待采用的固化周期和有待生产的成品物品的性质,这些配制品中的环氧树脂组分选自宽范围的含有环氧树脂的材料。环氧树脂可以是固体、液体或半固体,并且通过其官能度和环氧当量重量来表征。环氧树脂的官能度是可用于反应和固化以形成固化的结构的反应性环氧位点的数量/分子。例如,双酚A环氧树脂具有2的官能度,而某些缩水甘油胺可以具有大于4的官能度。环氧树脂的反应性由其环氧当量重量(EEW)指示,EEW越低,反应性越高。EEW是含有1克/摩尔的环氧基团的环氧树脂材料的重量(以克计)。
环氧配制品还包含催化剂和/或固化剂,并且也根据环氧树脂的性质、有待生产的产品和所需的固化周期来选择它们。
在用于复合模制材料的基质配制品中,由于基于咪唑或咪唑啉的固化剂容易与环氧树脂反应形成固化的环氧树脂基质,因此它们被广泛使用。不幸的是,这些固化剂的反应性非常大,因此环氧树脂和这些固化剂的混合溶液存在以下问题:它们显示出较早的固化开始并且不能用作单组分环氧树脂组合物,所述组合物在使用时制造并且然后递送。
为了克服这个问题,将咪唑添加到羟基苯甲酸中以形成盐。将所述盐作为固化剂添加到环氧树脂组合物中以降低固化速度(参见JP 4-2638)。
PCT公开WO 2016/087935和美国专利申请公开2010/0022744中描述了在模制配混物中的树脂基质组合物中的可用作固化组合物的含有主体组分和客体组分的包合物组合物、粘合剂和预浸料。包合物由主体化合物和作为客体组分的咪唑或咪唑啉固化剂组成。例如,WO 2008/075427公开了一种可固化树脂组合物,其使用基于间苯二甲酸的主体化合物和作为客体化合物的咪唑的包合物组分。US 20120088920公开了可固化环氧树脂组合物,其中固化剂是基于羧酸和咪唑的包合物。US 20100179250公开了呈单羧酸形式的主体化合物,其中羧基直接连接到芳族基团上,并且WO 2016/087935还公开了使用基于各种羧酸与咪唑或咪唑啉固化剂的组合的包合物。
已知己二酸二酰肼和间苯二甲酸二酰肼是用于环氧树脂配制品的固化剂。已经提出,可以将它们与促进剂(诸如基于脲的材料)一起使用,如美国专利4404356和4507445中所公开的。然而,仍然需要这样的固化剂,其能够组合树脂配制品在固化之前的储存稳定性、快速固化以产生具有高玻璃化转变温度(Tg)的固化的树脂,并且其也可以在一段时间内保留Tg,特别是当经受水分时,特别是在高温下。
本发明的目的是克服上述问题和/或总体上提供改善。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种可固化环氧树脂组合物,其具有优异的储存稳定性、增强的固化特征(包括更快的固化),并且其提供了一种具有优异机械特性的固化的产品。
根据本发明,提供了如所附权利要求中任一项所定义的固化体系、树脂配制品、固化的树脂、用途、复合材料和模制材料。
我们现已发现,如果将己二酸二酰肼和/或间苯二甲酸二酰肼与其中客体化合物是作为热固性树脂组合物的固化剂的咪唑、咪唑啉或DBCA的包合物一起使用,则可以实现具有高玻璃化转变温度(Tg)与良好的Tg保留的组合的快速固化树脂配制品。包合物的使用还赋予热固性树脂组合物储存稳定性,因为包合物的主体化合物可以用于控制释放咪唑或咪唑啉固化剂的时间和条件。
因此,本发明提供了一种固化体系,其包含己二酸二酰肼和/或间苯二甲酸二酰肼与包合物的组合,在所述包合物中客体化合物包括咪唑、咪唑啉或二氮杂双环烷烃(DBCA)。
本发明进一步提供了一种树脂配制品,其包含热固性树脂和固化体系。本发明还提供了衍生自此类树脂的固化的树脂。
固化剂是适于引发或增进可聚合树脂的聚合反应的化合物。术语固化剂(curative)包括作为增强聚合反应(或“固化”)的化学化合物的促进剂和作为引发可聚合树脂的聚合反应的化学化合物的固化试剂(curative agent)。
固化剂可以包括固化试剂、促进剂或这两种化合物。
在进一步的实施方案中,本发明提供了本发明树脂配制品作为纤维增强复合材料中的基质的用途,所述纤维增强复合材料可以是预浸料或者可以通过用所述树脂配制品对铺设在模具中的干燥纤维材料进行树脂灌注而获得。本发明进一步提供了一种纤维增强复合材料,其通过将此类树脂基质热固化而获得。
在根据本发明的热固性树脂体系中使用固化剂的组合已经产生了一种材料,所述材料可以在不显著固化的情况下储存若干周并且可以通过在150℃下加热而在约100秒内固化,并且所述材料实现在从120℃至200℃、优选从145℃至165℃、更优选155℃至165℃的范围内的固化Tg。
在固化反应期间释放的热量与完全固化的总热量有关,并且可以如下使用数字扫描量热法来测量。将参考树脂样品以10℃/min的速率从10℃加热到250℃至完全固化(100%),并且记录所产生的热量ΔHi。然后可以通过以下方式测量组成与参考树脂样品相同的特定树脂样品的固化程度:通过在这些条件下加热样品而将样品固化至所希望的温度和所希望的速率并且持续所希望的时间,并且测量由此固化反应产生的热量ΔHe。然后,固化程度(固化%)定义为:
固化%=ΔHe)/ΔHi×100[%]
其中ΔHi是未固化的树脂从10℃一直加热到250℃完全固化所产生的热量,并且ΔHe是加热至所希望的温度和速率的一定程度固化的树脂而产生的热量。
根据ASTM D7028使用动态力学分析(DMA)测量损耗模量E’。在将固化的组合物浸入70℃温度的水中14天后,使用相同的标准测量热湿模量E’w。
在本发明中,术语“包合物”是指其中两个或更多个分子通过除共价键以外的键结合的化合物。更优选地,它是指其中两个或更多个分子通过它们的分子相互作用(诸如通过氢键)结合的结晶化合物。包含一种或多种其他化合物的化合物被称为主体化合物,并且包含在主体化合物中的一种或多种化合物称为客体化合物。主体化合物和客体化合物形成包合物化合物或结构。
在本发明中使用的包合物的客体组分可以作为固化剂或固化促进剂起作用,并且可以通过加热而迅速地从主体组分中释放出来,并且它将然后经受与树脂组分的交联反应。
如果所述组分是促进剂,则释放的固化促进剂充当固化剂和树脂组分的固化催化剂,从而形成固化的配制树脂基质。可以根据以下来控制固化剂或固化促进剂从包合物中释放出来的温度:
-客体组分的类型(化学结构);
-主体组分的类型(化学结构);和
-客体与主体的共混比率,
-在热固性树脂中的溶解度
使得可以通过选择适当的主体和客体组分来控制客体组分的释放以适合所采用的热固性树脂和所希望的固化条件。
在本发明的树脂配制品中,包合物的主体化合物可以在释放出客体化合物后与树脂反应,从而充当交联剂。当主体化合物是羧酸时,这尤其如此,并且这可以导致具有改善的柔韧性以及改善的抗冲击性和粘附性的固化的树脂配制品产品。
主体化合物
在本发明的一个实施方案中,主体组分(A)可以由式(I)定义:
其中n是0或1
Ar是任选经取代的芳基
X独立地选自H、OH、任选经取代的烷基和任选经取代的芳基;
Y独立地选自H、OH、任选经取代的烷基、任选经取代的芳基,以及与Z(-C(=O)O-)一起与式I中的C和R形成环;
Z选自:1)C(=O)O-R’,其中R’选自氢、任选经取代的烃基;和2)包含Y和C的环结构
或主体组分(A)是酚酞
优选地,主体组分(A)含有酚官能度和羧酸或酯官能度两者,两种官能度都能够与咪唑形成包合物。例如,优选的成本组分是含有酚官能度和羧酸官能度两者的4,4'-双(4'-羟基苯基)戊酸(BHPVA)。优选地,所述包合物是与2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑(2E4MZ)形成的。
主体组分(A)也可以是含有双酚官能度和一元羧酸官能度的酚酞啉(phenolphtalin)(PhPh),两种官能度都能够与咪唑形成包合物。优选地,所述包合物是与2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑(2E4MZ)形成的。
在另一种包合物中,主体组分(A)可以是二苯乙醇酸(BA),其含有能够与咪唑形成包合物的苯基官能度和一元羧酸官能度。再次,优选地,所述包合物是与2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑(2E4MZ)形成的。
在另外一种包合物中,主体组分(A)可以是含有氨基苯基官能度和一元羧酸官能度的4-氨基苯基乙酸(APAA),两种官能度都能够与咪唑形成包合物。也可以选择这些基于羧酸的包合物的酯。
客体化合物
代替单一客体化合物,包合物中可以存在两种或更多种不同的客体化合物。包合物主体可以在相同配制品中含有不同的客体化合物,诸如促进剂客体化合物和/或固化剂客体化合物。
客体化合物是咪唑化合物、咪唑啉化合物或DBCA。客体化合物还可以包括促进剂或固化剂和促进剂的组合。
客体组分可以选自至少一种化合物,所述至少一种化合物选自由式(II)表示的化合物和/或DBCA。
其中R1代表氢原子、C1-C10烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、或氰基乙基,并且R2至R4各自独立地代表氢原子、硝基、卤素原子、C1-C20烷基、被羟基取代的C1-C20烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、或C1-C20酰基;并且具有虚线的部分代表单键或双键,以及二氮杂双环烷烃(DBCA),诸如[1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳烯-7、1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷和1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]壬-5-烯。]
在一个实施方案中,式(II),R1代表氢原子、C1-C10烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、或氰基乙基,但优选代表氢原子。
C1-C10烷基优选是C1-C6烷基,并且任选具有取代基。C1-C10烷基的具体例子可以包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、正己基、壬基、异壬基、和癸基。芳基意指单环或多环芳基。在此,在多环芳基的情况下,除了完全不饱和的基团以外,芳基还涵盖部分饱和的基团。其例子包括苯基、萘基、薁基、茚基、茚满基、和四氢萘基。在这些基团中,C6-C10芳基是优选的。此外,芳基任选地具有取代基。
芳基烷基是其中芳基和烷基彼此组合的基团。其例子包括苄基、苯乙基、3-苯基-正丙基、1-苯基-正己基、萘-1-基甲基、萘-2-基乙基、1-萘-2-基-正丙基、和茚-1-基甲基。在这些基团中,C6-C10芳基/C1-C6烷基是优选的。此外,芳基烷基任选地具有取代基。
R2至R4各自独立地代表氢原子、硝基、卤素原子、C1-C20烷基、被羟基取代的C1-C20烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、或C1-C20酰基。
C1-C20烷基的例子包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、正己基、壬基、异壬基、癸基、月桂基、十三烷基、肉豆蔻基、十五烷基、棕榈基、十七烷基、和硬脂基。C1-C10烷基是优选的。
芳基和芳基烷基包括与针对R1的基团相同的基团。
C1-C20酰基意指其中氢原子、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基等与羰基组合的基团。酰基的例子包括甲酰基;烷基羰基,诸如乙酰基、丙酰基、丁酰基、戊酰基、己酰基、庚酰基、辛酰基、壬酰基、癸酰基、3-甲基壬酰基、8-甲基壬酰基、3-乙基辛酰基、3,7-二甲基辛酰基、十一烷酰基、十二烷酰基、十三烷酰基、十四烷酰基、十五烷酰基、十六烷酰基、1-甲基十五烷酰基、14-甲基十五烷酰基、13,13-二甲基十四烷酰基、十七烷酰基、15-甲基十六烷酰基、十八烷酰基、1-甲基十七烷酰基、十九烷酰基、二十烷酰基、和二十一烷酰基;烯基羰基,诸如丙烯酰基、甲基丙烯酰基、烯丙基羰基、和肉桂酰基;炔基羰基,诸如乙炔基羰基和丙炔基羰基;芳基羰基,诸如苯甲酰基、萘基羰基、联苯基羰基、和氨茴内酐羰基(anthranilcarbonyl);和杂芳基羰基,诸如2-吡啶基羰基和噻吩基羰基。在这些基团中,C1-C20(包含羰基)酰基是优选的,并且C1-C6酰基是特别优选的。
在进一步的实施方案中,客体化合物可以选自由式(II)表示的咪唑化合物的具体例子,包括咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、1-甲基咪唑、2-甲基咪唑、4-甲基咪唑、1-苄基-2-甲基咪唑、2-十七烷基咪唑、2-十一烷基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基-5-羟甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基咪唑、1-苄基-2-苯基咪唑、1,2-二甲基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-甲基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-十一烷基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-苯基咪唑、和2-苯基-4,5-二羟甲基咪唑,并且咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、1-甲基咪唑、2-甲基咪唑、4-甲基咪唑、1-苄基-2-甲基咪唑、2-十七烷基咪唑、2-十一烷基咪唑、1,2-二甲基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基-5-羟甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、或2-苯基-4,5-二羟甲基咪唑是优选的。
由式(II)表示的咪唑啉化合物的例子包括2-甲基咪唑啉、2-苯基咪唑啉、2-十一烷基咪唑啉、2-十七烷基咪唑啉、2-乙基咪唑啉、2-异丙基咪唑啉、2,4-二甲基咪唑啉、和2-苯基-4-甲基咪唑啉,并且2-甲基咪唑啉或2-苯基咪唑啉是优选的。
当咪唑化合物或咪唑啉化合物和/或DBCA是具有低沸点的物质或具有高蒸气压的物质时,可以通过将这些物质的蒸气应用于主体化合物而获得目标包合物。
也可以通过允许使两种或更多种类型的客体化合物与主体化合物反应而获得由三种或更多种组分组成的包合物。此外,可以通过以下方式获得目标包合物:首先用某种化合物产生主体化合物的包合物,并且然后允许以如上所述的方式使所得包合物与不同的化合物反应。
所获得的包合物的结构可以通过热分析(TGA-DSC,同时热重分析法和差示扫描量热法)、红外吸收光谱(IR)、X射线衍射图、NMR光谱等来验证。此外,包合物的组成可以通过热分析、1H-NMR光谱、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)、元素分析等来验证。
促进剂
基于脲的促进剂(或“Urone”)也可以存在于固化组合物中。基于脲的促进剂可以包含N,N-二甲基脲的衍生物,并且此类脲衍生物的例子是例如N,N-二乙基脲、N,N-二丙基脲、和N,N-二甲基脲。优选的脲衍生物是N,N-二甲基脲。具体例子是1,1-二甲基脲或1,1-二乙基脲。
其他urone可以包括1,1-二烷基-3-芳基脲、3-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,1-二甲基脲(敌草隆)、3-苯基-1,1-二甲基脲、甲苯甲酰基-双-1,1-二甲基脲、(1,1'-亚甲基二对亚苯基)双(3,3-二甲基脲)、1,1-(4-甲基-间亚苯基)双(3,3二甲基脲)、N,N-二甲基苯基脲、4,4-亚甲基二亚苯基双(N,N-二甲基脲)。
优选的urone是4,4-亚甲基二亚苯基双(N,N-二甲基脲),其以相对于总重量2至20wt%并且更优选3至12重量%的量、最优选以相对于4至8wt%的组合物总重量的量存在于组合物中。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,提供了一种模制材料,其包含本发明的热固性树脂组合物与纤维增强材料的组合。所述纤维增强材料可以被提供:作为织造织物或多轴织物以形成预浸料,作为单独纤维束用于被树脂组合物浸渍以形成束浸料(towpreg),或作为短切纤维、短纤维或长丝以形成模制配混物。优选的纤维材料选自碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳族聚酰胺及其混合物。
在本发明的进一步实施方案中,提供了一种粘合剂,其包含本发明的热固性树脂组合物与至少一种填料的组合。
本发明的组合物是储存稳定的并且能够快速固化,而Tg、保留Tg和机械特性使得固化的树脂组合物能够用于工业结构应用、特别是汽车和航空航天结构部件以及体育用品和风力涡轮机部件。
本发明的组合物可以包含用于热固性树脂中的其他典型添加剂,诸如抗冲击改性剂、填料、抗氧化剂等。
抗冲击改性剂
所述组合物可以包含抗冲击改性剂。抗冲击改性剂被广泛用于改善固化的树脂组合物的抗冲击强度,目的是补偿其固有脆性和裂纹扩展。抗冲击改性剂可以包括橡胶颗粒,诸如CTBN橡胶(羧基封端的丁二烯-丙烯腈);或核壳颗粒,其含有被包裹在聚合物壳中的橡胶或其他弹性体化合物。核壳颗粒优于橡胶颗粒的优点是,它们具有受控的橡胶核的粒度,以有效增韧,并且接枝的聚合物壳确保与环氧树脂组合物的粘附性和相容性。EP 0985692和WO 2014062531中公开了此类核壳橡胶的例子。
可替代的抗冲击改性剂可以包括基于甲基丙烯酸酯的聚合物、聚酰胺、丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸酯共聚物、基于苯氧基的聚合物、和聚醚砜。
填料
另外,所述组合物可以包含一种或多种填料以增强组合物的流动特性。合适的填料可以包括滑石、微球、絮状物、玻璃珠、二氧化硅、气相二氧化硅、炭黑、纤维、长丝和再循环衍生物、以及二氧化钛。
配制品
在本发明的热固性树脂配制品的固化中,固化剂通过触发释放而从包合物中释放出来,所述触发释放可以是化学的、物理的或两者的组合。
化学释放可以包括通过化学改变一种或两种组分的组成来影响包合物的主体组分与客体组分之间的相互作用的释放。
物理释放可以包括在不化学改变每种组分的组成的情况下影响包合物的主体组分与客体组分之间的相互作用的释放。物理释放的例子是主体组分的溶解、温度的升高、主体组分的相变、溶解或辐射。
基于包含羧酸和/或酯的含有通过二价烃基与羧酸或酯基连接的芳族基团的主体化合物并且含有作为客体化合物的固化剂的包合物特别适合于固化树脂,特别是在单组分基质体系中。尽管不是必须的,但在本发明中使用此类包合物是优选的,因为已发现其提供了树脂配制品,其具有良好的固化条件控制以及在环境温度下达到固化开始的长时间(称为额外寿命)。这些包合物的使用还提供了高玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和良好的Tg保留的固化的树脂。可用于此类包合物的二价任选经取代的烃基的例子包括但不限于二价芳族基团或二价脂族基团。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了一种固化组合物,其含有包合物,所述包合物含有主体组分和客体组分,所述客体组分选自至少一种化合物,所述至少一种化合物选自由下式表示的化合物:
其中R1代表氢原子、C1-C10烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、或氰基乙基,并且R2至R4各自独立地代表氢原子、硝基、卤素原子、C1-C20烷基、被羟基取代的C1-C20烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、或C1-C20酰基;并且具有虚线的部分代表单键或双键,以及二氮杂双环烷烃(DBCA),诸如[1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳烯-7、1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷和1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]壬-5-烯。]
以及己二酸二酰肼或间苯二甲酸二酰肼。
在优选的包合物中,主体组分优选含有单个羧酸基团或羧酸酯基团。
所述包合物中的主体组分与客体组分的摩尔比优选在从0.5至2、优选0.7至1.7、更优选从0.9至1.5并且更优选从0.95至1.4或从0.95至1.1和/或这些比率的组合的范围内。
我们发现,将此类包合物与酰肼一起用作用于热固性树脂(优选环氧树脂)的固化剂和/或固化促进剂提供了一种固化剂,所述固化剂具有选定的固化温度开始,所述固化剂允许长期储存含有高反应性固化剂的单组分树脂基质体系。
在本发明的进一步实施方案中,提供了一种树脂配制品,其包含本发明的固化组合物与至少一种树脂组分(诸如环氧树脂、多异氰酸酯和酚醛树脂,特别是环氧树脂)的组合。所述树脂配制品优选呈单组分树脂配制品的形式,所述单组分树脂配制品在其使用前不需要任何进一步的组分混合。
在另一个实施方案中,提供了一种树脂配制品,其包含固化剂、树脂组分、和包含主体组分和客体组分的包合物组合物,所述客体组分是固化促进剂以增强固化剂的固化反应。固化剂包含己二酸二酰肼或间苯二甲酸二酰肼,并且客体组分是基于咪唑、咪唑啉或DBCA的组分,其与基于酰肼的固化剂组合充当促进剂。所述树脂优选是环氧树脂。
在进一步的实施方案中,提供了一种包含增强材料和本发明的树脂配制品的模制材料以及由此类模制材料制成的制品。模制材料可以由铸造树脂膜构成,所述铸造树脂膜含有树脂配制品并且与纤维增强层组合。优选地,树脂膜浸渍纤维增强物,这可以通过将树脂层压在纤维材料上或通过将树脂灌注到在模具内的纤维材料中来实现。
当树脂是环氧树脂时,它可以是单官能或多功能的,优选至少是双官能的。在一个实施方案中,环氧树脂组分(A)可以选自各种常规已知的聚环氧化合物。其例子包括:芳族缩水甘油醚化合物,诸如双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷二缩水甘油醚、双(4-羟基-3,5-二溴苯基)丙烷二缩水甘油醚、双(4-羟基苯基)乙烷二缩水甘油醚、双(4-羟基苯基)甲烷二缩水甘油醚、间苯二酚二缩水甘油醚、间苯三酚三缩水甘油醚、三羟基联苯三缩水甘油醚、四缩水甘油基二苯甲酮、双间苯二酚四缩水甘油醚、四甲基双酚A二缩水甘油醚、双酚C二缩水甘油醚、双酚六氟丙烷二缩水甘油醚、1,3-双[1-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)-1-三氟甲基-2,2,2-三氟乙基]苯、1,4-双[1-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)-1-三氟甲基-2,2,2-三氟甲基]苯、4,4'-双(2,3-环氧丙氧基)八氟联苯、和酚醛清漆型双环氧化合物;脂环族聚环氧化合物,诸如脂环族二环氧乙缩醛、脂环族二环氧己二酸酯、脂环族二环氧羧酸酯、和乙烯基环己烯二氧化物;缩水甘油酯化合物,诸如邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯、四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯、六氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯、邻苯二甲酸二甲基缩水甘油酯、六氢邻苯二甲酸二甲基缩水甘油酯、二缩水甘油基-对氧基苯甲酸酯、二缩水甘油基环戊烷-1,3-二羧酸酯、和二聚体酸缩水甘油酯;缩水甘油基胺化合物,诸如二缩水甘油基苯胺、二缩水甘油基甲苯胺、三缩水甘油基氨基苯酚、四缩水甘油基二氨基二苯基甲烷、和二缩水甘油基三溴苯胺;和杂环环氧化合物,诸如二缩水甘油基乙内酰脲、缩水甘油基缩水甘油氧基乙内酰脲、和三缩水甘油基异氰脲酸酯;及其低聚物化合物。
液体环氧树脂的例子包括聚亚烷基醚型环氧化合物,诸如(聚)乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、(聚)丙二醇二缩水甘油醚、和三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚;缩水甘油酯型环氧化合物,诸如二聚体酸二缩水甘油酯、邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯、和四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯;和(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、烯丙基缩水甘油醚等的均聚物或这些单体与其他软不饱和单体的共聚物。在此上下文中,软不饱和单体是指含有均聚物的单体,所述均聚物具有小于60℃的玻璃化转变温度。软不饱和单体的例子包括丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、和甲基丙烯酸月桂酯。
本发明的液体可固化环氧树脂组合物特别可用作单组分液体环氧树脂预浸料基质树脂配制品,其储存稳定性和固化特征均优异,并且提供了一种固化的产品,其具有优异的特征,特别是耐有机溶剂性。
当本发明的环氧树脂组合物用作预浸料树脂配制品时,可以将已知的添加剂(诸如填料、粘度改性剂、增韧剂、颜料、触变剂、和阻燃剂等)任选地混入配制品中以增强其机械性能和在固化期间的流动行为。
本发明的预浸料树脂配制品可以通过使用锅磨机、球磨机、珠磨机、辊磨机、均化机、Supermill、Homodisper、通用混合机、班伯里混合机、捏合机等将本发明的包合物、树脂和其他添加剂均匀混合。
由于本发明的预浸料树脂配制品可以是具有高储存稳定性和优异的热固性特性的单组分类型,因此它可以适用于需要长期储存或在室温下在未调整的设施中储存的应用。
通过参考其中使用以下材料的以下实施例来说明本发明。
己二酸二酰肼(ADH/ADH-J)
4,4’-亚甲基二亚苯基双(N,N-二甲基脲)(urone促进剂)
环氧酚醛清漆树脂(Novolac)
双酚A二缩水甘油醚树脂(BADGE)
双酚A(BPA)
4,4’-双(4’-羟基苯基)戊酸-2E4MZ包合物(BHPVA-2E4MZ)
酚酞啉-IMZ包合物(PhPh-IMZ)
4,4-双(对羟基苯基)丙酸-2E4MZ包合物(BHPPA-2E4MZ)
2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑(2E4MZ)
根据以下标准和方案测量以下参数。
参数(单位)描述
Tg(℃)Tg是针对在150℃下等温固化的组合物,根据ASTM E1356“StandardTestMethod for Assignment of the GlassTransition Temperature byDifferentialScanning Calorimetry”使用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测量的
额外寿命@23℃(周)树脂组合物储存在23℃,并且以每半周的间隔取样,以根据ISO11357-1:2016使用数字扫描量热法(DSC)测量Tg。当未固化的树脂的测量Tg等于或超过23℃的储存温度时,可以确认每周测量的额外寿命
在150℃下达到固化的时 使用DSC-1型Mettler Toledo差示扫描间量热仪(DSC)测量组合物相对于时间的总反应焓以及确定达到95%固化所花费的时间。为了确定在150℃下等温固化期间树脂组合物的总反应焓,将组合物在此温度下保持30min以确保完全固化,这通过累积热焓输出无变化来证明。一旦确定了总热焓,就可以容易地从相对于时间的累积热焓得出达到95%固化的时间。
实施例1至7
制备具有不同固化体系的以下配制品,每种固化体系含有不同量的咪唑与ADH的组合。所述组分的所有量均以相对于组合物的总重量的重量%(wt%)计。
将材料储存在23℃并且确定达到固化开始的时间。将含有包合物和己二酸二酰肼的配制品与含有己二酸、二酰肼和游离咪唑的配制品进行比较。在每种情况下,对于含有包合物的配制品(实施例3至7)的达到固化开始的时间是对于含有游离咪唑的配制品(实施例1和2)的时间的约两倍。
将树脂配制品暴露于150℃的温度以将组合物等温固化,并且然后测量达到放热峰的时间和达到95%固化的时间。对于含有包合物的配制品(实施例3至7),当加热至150℃时从固化开始到95%固化的时间少于含有游离咪唑啉的配制品(实施例1和2)所需时间的一半,而Tg在大多数情况下比含有包合物的配制品高至少30%。
实施例8至11
用双官能环氧树脂组分和不同的固化体系制备基本配制品。咪唑的有效量在各自含有ADH的不同固化体系中有所不同。将这些配制品再次在150℃下等温固化。
对于涉及含有以下的固化体系的相同树脂组分配制品,关于在150℃下达到固化的时间和Tg比较固化体系的效果:
(i)Urone+己二酸二酰肼
(ii)己二酸二酰肼+咪唑
(iii)己二酸二酰肼+包合物
(iv)Urone+包合物。
含有己二酸二酰肼包合物组合的配制品具有当加热到150℃时达到95%固化的最短时间,并且还具有157℃的最高固化Tg。
Claims (13)
1.一种固化组合物,其包含己二酸二酰肼和/或间苯二甲酸二酰肼与包合物的组合,其中所述包合物的客体化合物包括咪唑、咪唑啉或二氮杂双环烷烃(DBCA)。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的固化组合物,其中所述包合物的主体组分含有单个羧酸基团或羧酸酯基团。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的固化组合物,其中所述包合物中的主体组分与客体组分的摩尔比优选在从0.5至2、优选0.7至1.7、更优选从0.9至1.5并且更优选从0.95至1.4或从0.95至1.1的范围内。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的固化组合物,其中所述组合物包含基于脲的促进剂。
6.一种树脂配制品,其包含热固性树脂和根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的固化组合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的树脂配制品,其包含多官能环氧树脂,并且所述树脂配制品可以储存若干周并且可以在150℃下在约100秒内固化,并且所述树脂配制品实现如根据ASTME1356测量的在从145至165℃、优选从155至165℃的范围内的固化Tg。
8.一种固化的树脂,其衍生自根据权利要求7或权利要求6所述的树脂配制品。
9.根据权利要求7或权利要求6所述的树脂配制品作为纤维增强复合材料中的基质的用途。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用途,其在预浸料中或通过用根据权利要求6或7所述的树脂配制品对铺设在模具中的干燥纤维材料进行树脂灌注。
11.一种纤维增强复合材料,其通过根据权利要求6或7所述的树脂配制品的热固化而获得。
12.一种模制材料,其包含根据权利要求6或权利要求7所述的热固性树脂组合物与纤维增强材料的组合。
13.根据权利要求12所述的模制材料,其中优选的纤维材料选自碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳族聚酰胺及其混合物。
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