CN1126056C - 故障检测和修正电路 - Google Patents

故障检测和修正电路 Download PDF

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CN1126056C
CN1126056C CN96180026A CN96180026A CN1126056C CN 1126056 C CN1126056 C CN 1126056C CN 96180026 A CN96180026 A CN 96180026A CN 96180026 A CN96180026 A CN 96180026A CN 1126056 C CN1126056 C CN 1126056C
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R·A·皮特施
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Technicolor USA Inc
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    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
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    • G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0013—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by galvanic contacts, e.g. card connectors for ISO-7816 compliant smart cards or memory cards, e.g. SD card readers
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    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0013—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by galvanic contacts, e.g. card connectors for ISO-7816 compliant smart cards or memory cards, e.g. SD card readers
    • G06K7/0021—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by galvanic contacts, e.g. card connectors for ISO-7816 compliant smart cards or memory cards, e.g. SD card readers for reading/sensing record carriers having surface contacts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0013—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by galvanic contacts, e.g. card connectors for ISO-7816 compliant smart cards or memory cards, e.g. SD card readers
    • G06K7/0086—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by galvanic contacts, e.g. card connectors for ISO-7816 compliant smart cards or memory cards, e.g. SD card readers the connector comprising a circuit for steering the operations of the card connector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H03J—TUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
    • H03J9/00—Remote-control of tuned circuits; Combined remote-control of tuning and other functions, e.g. brightness, amplification
    • H03J9/06—Remote-control of tuned circuits; Combined remote-control of tuning and other functions, e.g. brightness, amplification using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. light
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/22—Modifications for ensuring a predetermined initial state when the supply voltage has been applied
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/78—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled
    • H03K17/795—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled controlling bipolar transistors
    • H03K17/7955—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled controlling bipolar transistors using phototransistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/738—Interface circuits for coupling substations to external telephone lines
    • H04M1/7385—Programmable or microprocessor-controlled
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/738—Interface circuits for coupling substations to external telephone lines
    • H04M1/74—Interface circuits for coupling substations to external telephone lines with means for reducing interference; with means for reducing effects due to line faults
    • H04M1/745—Protection devices or circuits for voltages surges on the line
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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Abstract

一种用来检测向智能卡提供的电源已经发生变化、指示智能卡中可能的故障的电路。例如，该电路通过确定电源已经降低到基准电压以下来检测这种变化。如果发生这种情况，则电路将修改智能卡控制信号，例如，将智能卡控制信号钳位在地电位或者接近地电位。从而避免了对智能卡或者智能卡阅读器的任何损害。

Description

故障检测和修正电路
本发明一般地说涉及在信号处理应用中限制信息存取的包括集成电路卡、也叫智能卡的存取控制系统。更准确地说，本发明涉及当检测到错误时智能卡阅读器的工作过程。
诸如收费电视系统的系统就包括存取控制子系统，后者用来限制对一定节目和频道的存取。只有被受权的(例如交了费)的用户才可以看那些节目。
存取控制系统包括集成电路卡或叫做智能卡。智能卡是一张象信用卡一样大小的塑料卡，在塑料卡基上嵌入一块信号处理集成电路。智能卡插入智能卡阅读器，阅读器从卡中的集成电路接受和向其发出信号，智能卡上的集成电路作为存取控制协议的一部分处理诸如安全控制信息的数据。此集成电路包括控制微计算机，比如来自MotoloraSemiconductor，Austin，Texas，的6805处理器，此微处理器包括ROM、EPROM和RAM存储器。所述微处理器执行各种安全控制功能，包括权利管理和产生用于把扰频的数据信号分量解扰的密钥。
有时，由于碎片或者由于智能卡的电路出现故障使智能卡上的各种接点被短路。例如，智能卡在制造、运输、用户更换或擦拭的过程中可能在智能卡的接点上积累碎片。智能卡的接点短路随后将会引起智能卡电源的短路或给电源加上低阻抗，使电源进入电流限制状态。如果未立即切断智能卡的信号或加以修正，大电流将从控制线路耦合存取智能卡，造成损毁。这可能同时损害智能卡和智能卡阅读器中的电路。
按照本发明的一个方面，提供当连接到智能卡阅读器的电源出现变化时进行检测的电路，指出智能卡有可能出现故障(例如，短路或其他故障)。例如，所述电路通过把连接到智能卡的电压与参考电压比较来检测这种变化。如果电路检测出所述电压已经降低到低于参考电压，则比如通过把它箝位在地电位或者接近地电位来修正整智能卡的控制信号。这避免了对智能卡或者智能卡阅读器的任何损害。
通过参考附图将可以更好地理解本发明：
图1A显示按照当前国际标准化组织(ISO)标准7816定义的智能卡的接点的实际布局。
图1B显示按照当前的ISO标准7816定义的示范性的智能卡的接点和信号的分配。
图2显示按照本发明的用于智能卡阅读器的示范性的实施例。
图3显示本发明的利用场效应晶体管(FETs)的另一个实施例。
图4显示本发明的利用传输门电路来隔离智能卡的控制线路的另一个实施例。
ISO标准7816关于智能卡接口的技术规范。详细地说，ISO标准7816-2规定：到所述卡的电接口将借助于如图1A所示的设置在卡面上的八个接点。八个接点信号中的六个信号分别定义为Vcc(电源电压)、RST(复位信号)、CLK(时钟信号)、GND(接地)、Vpp(卡集成电路的编程存储器的编程电压)、I/O(串行数据输入/输出)。有二个接点留待它用。智能卡接点信号分配示于图1B。
图2显示本发明的示范性的实施例。图中示出有C1-C8八个接点的符合ISO 7816标准的智能卡100，后者和智能卡阅读器200耦合和通讯。智能卡100的接点C1-C8的定义见图1B。
图2中所示智能卡阅读器200也具有八个接点C1’-C8’，它们具有和图1B中所示的相同的定义和分配。更精确地说，智能卡阅读器200的接点C1’是给智能卡提供电源电压的Vcc接点。在本实施例中，电源是稳压的+5伏电源220。
此外，为接点C2’、C3’和C7’提供来自控制电路210的相应的控制信号RST、CLK和I/O数据。这些控制信号通过控制线CTRL2、CTRL3和CTRL7输送到接点或者从接点输出。在微处理器(未示出)的监控下的控制电路210按照所希望的应用场合和设计要求有选择地向智能卡提供适当的信号。例如，必要时，微处理器可以命令控制电路210通过控制线CTRL2向接点C2’发送复位信号RST。这使智能卡100复位。应当指出，虽然在图2中为了图示的方便只划出了三条控制线，但是，本专业的技术人员会容易明白：可以进一步类似地利用其他控制线来向智能卡100之间传输信号或者从智能卡100输出信号。
本发明的故障检测和修正电路300包括检测晶体管Q1。在本实施例中，Q1是诸如由Motorola生产的PNP双极晶体管2N3906。Q1的发射极端子311连接到基准电压源230。在本实施例中，把基准电压事先校准到具有和Vcc电源电压+5伏一样的电位。Q1的基极端子321连接到和4.7千欧姆的基极电阻351的一端。电阻351的另一端连接到电源220的输出端Vcc.。正如下面将明白的那样，这使Q1可以监控电源220。
控制线CTRL2、CTRL3、CTRL7中的每一根分别连接到钳位晶体管Q2、Q3和Q4的集电极端子332-334中的一个。在本实施例中，Q2、Q3和Q4是诸如由Motorola生产的NPN双极晶体管BC54I6B。钳位晶体管Q2-Q4的基极端子322-324中的每一个各自连接到4.7千欧姆电阻352-353的一端。电阻352-353的另一端连接到检测晶体管Q1的集电极端子331。Q2-Q4的所有发射极端子接地。
下面将描述检测和关断电路300的功能。电路300的检测部分的作用是检测电源电压Vcc的变化。本发明人已经认识到：当智能卡阅读器的电源中出现短路或者电流限制状态时，所述输出电压变化。准确地说，所述输出电压将降到正常预期的Vcc以下(即，在本实施例中+5伏)。在本实施例中，Q1一直监视其基极端子321上的Vcc输出。当电压输出Vcc降落到比事先选定的基准低0.6伏以上时，Q1将导通。
Q1导通时，电流也流过电路300的修正部分的钳位晶体管Q2-Q4的基极端子322-324。这随后将使Q2-Q4中的每一个导通，从而将控制线CTRL2、CTRL3和CTRL7钳位在地电位或者接近地电位(即，Vce的饱和电压，典型值是0.005-0.2伏)。这修正了控制线上的电压而有效地将其切断，从而避免了对智能卡或者智能卡阅读器中的任何电路的可能的损害。
图3显示本发明的另一个实施例。在这个实施例中，检测和修正电路300包括场效应晶体管(FETs)而不是双极晶体管。如果电路300是作为集成电路(IC)的一部分来实现的，则本实施例尤其有益。另外，图3中所示的基准电源231’现在是可调的。这使用户可以根据设计要求而把基准电压调整在检测晶体管Q1和钳位晶体管Q2-Q4的导通的位置。
图4显示本发明的另一个实施例。在本实施例中，电路300的修正部分包括传输门G1-G3。这些传输门G1-3受检测晶体管Q1的控制。当Q1检测到电源220降落到低于基准电压Vref时，Q1将使传输门G1-G3能够把所述控制信号与接点C2’、C3’和C7’断开。
虽然已经通过具体的实施例描述了本发明，但是，对于本专业的技术人员来说，显然，可以在不违背本发明的实质的情况下作出对所公开的实施例的修改和变化。例如，虽然主要利用符合ISO标准的实施例来描述本发明，但是，显然，本发明的精神可以用到与智能卡相关的任何系统，既使是非标准的系统。因此，不用说，后附的权利要求书将要覆盖来自前文和实施例的所有修改。

Claims (7)

1.一种智能卡阅读器，其特征在于包括：
具有用来向智能卡提供控制信号的信号线的控制装置；
用来独立于所述控制装置而检测向所述智能卡提供的电源电压的变化的检测装置；
耦合到所述信号线的钳位装置，用来当所述检测装置确定所述电源电压降低到基准电压以下时在没有所述控制装置干预的情况下将所述控制信号线钳位到基本上地电位从而修改所述控制信号。
2.权利要求1的智能卡阅读器，其特征在于：将所述基准电压预置在数值小于所述电源电压的电压。
3.权利要求1的智能卡阅读器，其特征在于：所述钳位装置耦合到所述检测装置。
4.权利要求3的智能卡阅读器，其特征在于：所述钳位装置包括晶体管。
5.权利要求1的智能卡阅读器，其特征在于：所述检测装置包括晶体管。
6.一种通过智能卡阅读器保护智能卡的方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
从控制装置向所述智能卡提供多种控制信号；
独立于所述控制装置检测向所述智能卡提供的电源电压的变化；
当所述检测装置检测到所述电源电压降低到基准电压以下时，在没有所述控制装置的干预的情况下将所述控制信号钳位到基本上地电位。
7.权利要求6的方法，其特征在于：所述检测步骤还包括将所述基准电压预置在数值小于所述电源电压的电压的步骤。
CN96180026A 1995-12-22 1996-12-17 故障检测和修正电路 Expired - Lifetime CN1126056C (zh)

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US917895P 1995-12-22 1995-12-22
US60/009,178 1995-12-22
GBGB9600002.1A GB9600002D0 (en) 1996-01-02 1996-01-02 Receiver for compressed television information
GB9613608.0 1996-06-28
GB9600002.1 1996-06-28
GBGB9613608.0A GB9613608D0 (en) 1996-06-28 1996-06-28 40mhz VCXO and loop filter for digital symbol lock timing for high speed modems

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CN1209209A CN1209209A (zh) 1999-02-24
CN1126056C true CN1126056C (zh) 2003-10-29

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CNB961999799A Expired - Lifetime CN1166162C (zh) 1995-12-22 1996-12-17 自动用户回叫系统
CN96180025A Expired - Lifetime CN1097878C (zh) 1995-12-22 1996-12-17 红外接收器和接着的电子电路之间的电隔离
CNB961999780A Expired - Fee Related CN1166158C (zh) 1995-12-22 1996-12-17 电话设备的保护电路
CN96180026A Expired - Lifetime CN1126056C (zh) 1995-12-22 1996-12-17 故障检测和修正电路
CN96199239A Expired - Lifetime CN1095269C (zh) 1995-12-22 1996-12-18 用于检测电话分机摘机情况的调制解调器环路电流监测系统

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WO1997023985A1 (en) 1997-07-03
AU1419997A (en) 1997-07-17
DE69636523D1 (de) 2006-10-19
CN1166158C (zh) 2004-09-08
JP2000513515A (ja) 2000-10-10
CN1219304A (zh) 1999-06-09
WO1997023989A1 (en) 1997-07-03
CA2240287C (en) 2002-09-10
WO1997023840A1 (en) 1997-07-03
WO1997023954A1 (en) 1997-07-03
DE69604596D1 (de) 1999-11-11
DE69620023D1 (de) 2002-04-25
JP2000502534A (ja) 2000-02-29
KR19990072224A (ko) 1999-09-27
DE69604596T2 (de) 2000-01-20
EP0868810B1 (en) 2006-09-06
EP0868810A1 (en) 1998-10-07
WO1997023987A1 (en) 1997-07-03
MX9805005A (es) 1998-11-30
AU715450B2 (en) 2000-02-03
BR9612176A (pt) 1999-07-13
CN1209245A (zh) 1999-02-24
EP0868704B1 (en) 1999-10-06
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AU1424497A (en) 1997-07-17
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EP0868805B1 (en) 2002-03-20
BR9612170A (pt) 1999-07-13
CN1209243A (zh) 1999-02-24
AU1151997A (en) 1997-07-17
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BR9612170B1 (pt) 2009-05-05
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AU1290897A (en) 1997-07-17
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MX9805007A (es) 1998-11-30
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